chapter 11 section 1 the stages of a river. youthful rivers erodes its channel deeper rather than...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 11Section 1
The Stages of a River
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Youthful Rivers
• Erodes its channel deeper rather than wider
• The river flows quickly
• Channels are narrow and straight
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Mature Rivers
• Erodes its channel wider rather than deeper
• Has fewer falls and rapids
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Old Rivers
• Low gradient and little erosive energy
• River deposits rock and soil in and long its channel
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Rejuvenated Rivers
• Are found where the land is raised by tectonic activity. When land rises, the river becomes steeper, and river flows more quickly
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Chapter 11Section 2
Streams and River Deposit
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Deposition in Water
• Deposition = is the process in which material is laid down or dropped.
• Rock and soil deposited by streams is called sediment
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Placer Deposits
• Heavy minerals deposits at places where the current slows down
• Delta – a fan-shaped mass of material deposited at the mouth of a stream
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Delta
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Deposition on Land
• Alluvial Fan – a fan shaped mass of material deposited by a stream when the slope of the land decreases sharply
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• Floodplain – an area along a river that forms from sediments deposited when the river overflows its banks
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Chapter 11Section 3
Water Underground
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Water Table
• The upper surface of underground water the upper boundary of the zone of saturation
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aquifer
• A body of rock or sediment that stores groundwater and allows the flow of groundwater
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permeability
• A rocks ability to let water pass through
• A rock that stops the flow of water is Impermeable
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Artesian Spring
• A spring whose water flows from a crack in the cap rock over the aquifer
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Sinkholes
• When the water table is lower than the level of a cave is no longer supported by the water underneath
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Caves
• Water that drips from a crack in a caves ceiling leaves behind deposit of calcium carbonate. Which forms sharp icicle shaped features
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Chapter 11Section 4
• Using Water Wisely
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Water Pollution
• Pollution is the introduction of harmful substances into the environment
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Point Source Pollution
• Pollution that comes from a specific site
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Nonpoint – Source Pollution
• Pollution that comes from many sources rather than from a single, specific site
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Health of a Water System
• Dissolved Oxygen = the oxygen dissolved in water.
• Sewage, fertilizer runoff, animal waste, decrease DO
• Cold water holds more oxygen than warm water
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Nitrates
• Excess of nitrates can decrease dissolved oxygen
• Alkalinity = waters ability to neutralize, acid rain and other acid waste
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Cleaning Polluted Water
• Sewage treatment Plant = a facility that cleans the waste materials found in water that comes from sewers or drains
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Septic Tank
• A tank that separates solid waste from liquids and that has bacteria that break down the solid waste
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Where the Water goes
• 60% bathing, toilet flushing, and laundry
• 32% Lawn, car washing, pool maintenance
• 8% Drinking, cooking
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Where does the water go?
• Video take notes
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Water in Industry
• 19% of water used in the world is used for industrial purposes.
• In the U.S most of the water used in factories is recycled
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Water in Agriculture
• Most water lost in farming is lost through evaporation and runoff.
• Drip irrigation delivers small amounts of water to help conserve.
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Conserving water at home
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Chapter 12 Section 1
• Agents of Erosion and Deposition
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Shoreline
• The boundary between land and a body of water
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Wave Energy
• Wind moves across the ocean surface it produces ripples
• Size of a wave depends on how hard the wind is blowing and how long its blowing
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Wave Trains
• Waves travel in groups • Upper part of wave moves faster and grows
taller, when too tall it cannot support itself and it crashes
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The pounding Surf
Waves break and crack rock, making new sand
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Wave Erosion
• Wave erosion produces many features along the shoreline:
• Sea Stacks• Sea Arches• Sea Caves
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• Much of the erosion takes place during storms, when waves have more energy
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Wave Deposits
• Continue Friday