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Other Punctuation Marks

Chapter 11

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

End Marks

• A sentence always begins with a capital

letter. It always

– a period

– a question mark, or

– an exclamation point.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Period (.)

Use a period after a

sentence that makes a

statement.

Sam is seven feet tall.

Use a period after most

abbreviations.

Dr. Butcher M.D.

Ms. Marple A.M.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Question Mark (?) Use a question mark

after a direct question.

“What color is that

Martian?” Ed asked.

Do not use a question

mark after an indirect

question.

Sue asked how Ed’s

therapy was going.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Exclamation Point (!)

Use an exclamation point

after a word or

sentence that

expresses strong

feeling.

Wow! This liver is tasty!

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

• The colon is often a mark of introduction.

Use the colon at the end of a COMPLETE

statement to do the following:

1. Introduce a list which explains the

complete statement.

EXAMPLE: The music store sells a wide variety

of items: compact discs, cassettes, and

clothes.

Colon (:)

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

2. Introduce a long quotation.

EXAMPLE: The policy is stated on the door: All

our merchandise is considered valuable. Those

who enter this store are responsible for their

behavior. This includes children, who must be

supervised. If any customer damages any

merchandise, he must pay for it.

Colon (:)

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

SEMICOLON (;)

• The semicolon is used to join two

complete thoughts that are so closely

connected that you want to write them as

one sentence.

Marty was not a cashier; he was a sales

associate.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

HYPHEN (-) There are two uses for the hyphen.

1 . With two or more words that act as a

single unit describing a noun.

The one-of-a-kind Christmas wreaths were very

expensive.

2. To divide a word at the end of a line of

writing or typing.

The salespersons attended training sessions to in-

sure that even when customers are antagonistic,

the staff responds politely.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Dashes (--)

• Dashes are used to set off information that

interrupts the flow of sentences.

• Use dashes to show an abrupt beak in

thought.

Your prize will be a cruise to Bermuda—

assuming you win the contest.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

PARENTHESIS ( )

• Use parentheses to set off extra or incidental

information from the rest of a sentence.

In modern malls the food court (once a simple soda

fountain) has become a meeting place for friends.

NOTE: Sometimes parentheses enclose letters

or numbers that signal items in a series.

SPECIAL NOTE: DO NOT USE

PARENTHESES TOO OFTEN. They can

make you seem uncertain or hesitant.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Apostrophe

• There are two different uses of the

apostrophe.

• Use the apostrophe with a contraction, a

shortened form of a word.

• Use the apostrophe to show ownership or

possession.

• A cowboy’s outfit can’t help but

stand out in a crowd.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Contractions

• When two words are combined to make

one word, an apostrophe is used to show

where letters have been omitted. This is

called a contraction.

• Contractions are reserved for informal

occasions.

I + have = I’ve

did + not = didn’t

let + us = let’s

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Note:

The word it’s

has two meanings. It is

OR

It has

It`s too late to watch a

cowboy movie.

(It is too late.)

It`s been years since

cowboy songs were

popular.

(It has been years.)

Contractions

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Quotation Marks (“ ”)

There are two main uses of quotation

marks:

1. To set off the EXACT words of a speaker

or writer.

2. To set off the titles of short works.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Use quotation marks to show the exact

words of a speaker or writer.

NOT NEEDED

Jennifer said that she enjoyed shopping for

clothes.

NEEDED

Jennifer said, “I enjoy shopping for clothes.”

Quotation Marks (“ ”)

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

– A comma sets off the quoted part from the rest of the sentence.

– Periods at the end of the quote go INSIDE the quotation marks.

– Commas that come at the end of a quoted section go inside the quotation marks.

• EXAMPLE: “If the mall opens at nine,” David said, “we can eat breakfast there.”

• EXAMPLE: Ryan explained, “The skis are on sale until tomorrow.”

Using Punctuation with Quotation

Marks (“ ”)

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Capitalization • EXAMPLE: Martha explained, “The flower

shop is my favorite store to visit.”

– Every quotation begins with a capital letter.

• EXAMPLE: “Bands play music every

Wednesday night,” Jason said, “especially in

the new coffee shop.”

– When a quotation is split, the second part does

not begin with a capital letter unless it is another

complete sentence.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Titles • The second main use of quotation marks

is with titles of short works.

– With titles of major works we use

italics.

– If a font with italics is not available, the titles

of long works are underlined.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

• Use quotation marks to set off the titles of

articles, short stories, poems, and songs.

• Long works such as novels, magazine titles, and

movies are either in italics or they are

underlined.

– Example: The bookstore sells Teen Fad magazine

which has the article “Why Tattoos Attract Men.”

Titles

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

To set off special words or phrases from the

rest of a sentence.

Rob’s “nutritious lunch” consisted of a candy bar and

a bag of corn chips.

To mark a quote within a quote. For this

purpose, use single quotes.

Jamie said, “My favorite short story is ‘Twirling’ by

Carolyn Murphy.”

Titles

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

When Octavian later known as the Roman

Emperor Augustus declared war against

Cleopatra and Mark Anthony, the queen

insisted on taking part in the military

campaign.

Insert punctuation where necessary.

Punctuation Review

Answer: When Octavian (later

known as the Roman Emperor

Augustus) declared war against Cleopatra

and Mark Anthony, the queen

insisted on taking part

in the military campaign.

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

The storm was savage it demolished most

of the coastal town.

Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer: The storm was savage ; it demolished most of the coastal town..

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Catherine the Great established new

institutions in Russia the first Russian

school for girls, a medical college, and

health care for her subjects.

Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer : Catherine the Great

established new institutions in Russia:

the first Russian school for girls,

a medical college, and

health care for her subjects.

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

People believe that Marie Antoinette said,

Let them eat cake.

Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer : People believe that Marie Antoinette

said, “Let them eat cake.”

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Kerry replied When the Habsburg family

reigned in Europe, one very successful

ruler was a woman. What was her

name?

Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer: Kerry replied, “When the Habsburg

family reigned in Europe, one very successful

ruler was a woman. What was her name?”

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

I always get confused Bernie said about

Mary Queen of Scots.

Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer: “I always get confused,” Bernie said,

“about Mary Queen of Scots.”

Punctuation Review

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

• My fathers biggest

barbecue is held on

the Fourth of July.

Incorrect:

father’s

Apostrophe Practice Review

Directions: Identify as correct or incorrect (Click to see answer.).

Other Punctuation Marks

English Brushup, 3E © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Pocahontas was an influential character in

American history our own princess.

Insert punctuation where necessary.

Answer: Pocahontas was an

influential character in American

history – our own princess.

Punctuation Review