Chapter 11Land Use Controls

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IN THIS CHAPTER

• Property control includes city zoning ordinances, general subdivision restrictions, deed restrictions unique to one parcel of land, or federal legislation.

• Real estate salespersons should be knowledgeable of existing public and private land use controls.

• Lack of knowledge may result in civil liability and even possible criminal liability under certain federal and state laws.

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PUBLIC LAND USE CONTROLS

• Zoning• Nonconforming Use• Variance• Spot Zoning• Exclusionary Zoning

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More PUBLIC LAND USE CONTROLS

• Urban and Regional Planning• Subdivision Regulations• Building Codes• City Certification

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Michigan’s Land Division Act

Regulates the division of land, thereby promoting the health, safety, and general welfare of the public.

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STATE REGULATIONS

• Michigan’s Land Sales Act• Michigan Out-of-State Land Sales

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FEDERAL REGULATIONS

• Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure Act– Regulates interstate sale of unimproved lots

• Environmental Protection Legislation• Comprehensive Environmental Response,

Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)• Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization

Act (SARA)

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More FEDERAL REGULATIONS

• Underground Storage Tanks (USTs)• Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

(RCRA)• Clean Water Act (CWA)• Clean Air Act (CAA)• Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)• Federal Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Act– disclosure requirements for sellers and landlords

of residential housing built prior to 1978.

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• Radon Gas• Michigan Environmental Protection Act

(MEPA)• Brownfield Redevelopment• The Michigan Right to Farm Act• Michigan’s Wetland Protection Act

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Privately Imposed Land Use Controls

Deed Restrictions Subdivisions Restrictions Enforcement of Covenants Termination of Covenants

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CHAPTER TERMINOLOGY REVIEW

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brownfieldsbuilding codescertificate of occupancycity certificationClean Air Act (CAA)Clean Water Act (CWA)cluster zoningComprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA)conditionscumulative zoningdeclaration of restrictionsdeed restrictionsDoctrine of Lachesenabling actsEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) exclusionary zoningFederal Lead-Based Disclosure Actgeneral plan

more CHAPTER TERMINOLOGY REVIEW

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Interstate Land Sales Full Disclosure ActMichigan’s Environmental Protection ActMichigan’s Land Division ActMichigan’s Land Sales ActMichigan’s Out-of-State Land SalesMichigan Right to Farm ActMichigan’s Wetland Protection Actnonconforming usePlanned Unit Developments (PUD)property reportradon gasResource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)restrictive covenantssetbackspot zoningsubdivision regulationSuperfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA)Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)Underground Storage Tank (UST)variancezoning mapzoning ordinance