chapter 11 islamic civilization
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Chapter 11 Islamic Civilization. Islamic Civilization. Chapter Introduction Section 1 The Rise of Islam Section 2 Islamic Empires Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life Reading Review Chapter Assessment. Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Islamic Civilization. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 11
Islamic Civilization
Chapter 11
Islamic Civilization
Chapter IntroductionSection 1 The Rise of IslamSection 2 Islamic Empires Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life
Reading ReviewChapter Assessment
Islamic Civilization
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Islamic Civilization
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Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
The Rise of Islam
•
• The prophet Muhammad brought the message of Islam to the people of Arabia.
• The Quran provided guidelines for Muslims’ lives and the governments of Muslim states
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Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Locating Places• Makkah (MAK·kuh)
• Mecca
The Rise of Islam
• Muhammad (moh·HAH·muhd)
Meeting People
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Daily Life in Early Arabia
• Much of the Arabian peninsula is desert, although there are mountains in the southwest.
• Early Arabs formed tribes that were headed by a sheikh.
(pages 373–374)
• Oases are green areas fed by an underground water source.
The Rise of Islam
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Daily Life in Early Arabia (cont.)
• Makkah or Mecca was the largest and wealthiest trade center and is an important religious site visited by pilgrims.
The Rise of Islam
(pages 373–374)
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Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet
• Muhammad was accepted as a prophet to the people of Arabia.
(pages 374–375)
• Muhammad was dissatisfied with the ways of his town leaders and went into the hills to pray.
• There he was visited by an angel who told him to preach Islam.
• Muhammad returned to Makkah and told people to worship one God, Allah.
The Rise of Islam
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Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet (cont.)
• Muhammad and his followers left Makkah for Yathrib.
• This journey is known as the Hijrah.
The Rise of Islam
(pages 374–375)
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Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet (cont.)
• Muhammad used the laws he believed he had received from God to rule the people of Madinah, creating an Islamic state, or a government that uses its political power to uphold Islam.
The Rise of Islam
• Muhammad built an army to defend his new government.
(pages 374–375)
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Muhammad: Islam’s Prophet (cont.)
• The army conquered Makkah, and Muhammad returned to the holy city.
The Rise of Islam
• Muhammad died two years after his return.
(pages 374–375)
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Why did wealthy merchants and religious leaders dislike Muhammad?
Muhammad’s message appealed to poor people. If poor people became dissatisfied with their leaders, they might rebel. This threatened the power of the wealthy people.
The Rise of Islam
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Islam’s Teachings
• Islam, Judaism, and Christianity have some beliefs in common.
(pages 377–378)
• The Quran is the holy book of Islam.
The Rise of Islam
• Many moral teachings in the Quran are similar to those in the Bible.
• Many rules in the Quran apply to Muslims’ daily life.
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Islam’s Teachings (cont.)
• The Five Pillars of Islam, or acts of worship, are to be followed by all Muslims.
• The Five Pillars are belief, prayer, charity, fasting, and pilgrimage.
The Rise of Islam
(pages 377–378)
The Quran prohibits murder, lying, gambling, stealing, eating pork, and drinking liquor.
Name some activities the Quran prohibits.
The Rise of Islam
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Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Focusing on the Main Ideas
Islamic Empires
• Arabs spread Islam through preaching, conquest, and trade.
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Get Ready to Read (cont.)
Building Your Vocabulary
• Shiite (SHEE·eyet)
• Sunni (SU·nee)
Islamic Empires
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The Spread of Islam (cont.)
• It was successful for several reasons.
• Arabs were good horsemen, good with a sword, and inspired by their religion.
• The Islamic state soon became a great empire.
• Muslims believed people who died fighting for Islam would go to paradise.
Islamic Empires
(pages 380–381)
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Struggles Within Islam
• After Muhammad’s death, the Muslims split into two groups: the Sunnis and the Shiites.
(pages 382–383)
• The Shiites believed that Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali, should succeed Muhammad and that all future caliphs should be descendents of Ali.
• Sunnis believe that the Umayyad caliphs were rightful leaders.
Islamic Empires
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Later Muslim Empires
• The Ottoman Turks were a group of Turks in northwest Asia Minor who began to build their own empire.
(pages 384–386)
• They conquered the Byzantine Empire and changed the name of Constantinople to Istanbul in 1453.
• The Ottoman army moved into Europe, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, Mesopotamia, and parts of Arabia and North Africa.
Islamic Empires
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Later Muslim Empires (cont.)
• The leader of the Ottomans was called a sultan.
• The most famous sultan was Suleiman I.
• After the rule of Suleiman I, the Ottoman empire gradually fell apart, collapsing completely at the end of World War I.
Islamic Empires
• The Ottoman empire was made up of different people who practiced different religions.
(pages 384–386)
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Trade and Everyday Life
• Mosques are Muslim houses of worship.
(pages 388–390)
Muslim Ways of Life
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Trade and Everyday Life (cont.)
• Slaves made up the lower class.
• Men ran government, society, and business.
Muslim Ways of Life
• Women helped run families.
• They could inherit wealth and own property, and in many places they had to cover their faces and wear long robes in public.
• This clothing custom is called hijab.(pages 388–390)
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Why do women follow the custom of hijab?
The teachings of Muhammad state that women’s clothing should not attract attention. Some women also think covering their faces and bodies allows them to be judged for themselves and not for their bodies.
Muslim Ways of Life
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Islamic Civilization
Why did the Muslims split into two groups?
They disagreed over who should be caliph.
Section 2 Islamic Empires
Review Main Ideas
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Section 3 Muslim Ways of Life
What scientific advances were made by early Muslims?
They perfected the astrolabe, measured the earth, realized the earth was round, experimented with metals, founded chemistry, discovered that blood circulates and how diseases spread.
Islamic Civilization
Review Main Ideas
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Compare How are Islam, Judaism, and Christianity similar?
The are monotheistic, have laws, and believe in an afterlife.
Islamic Civilization
The Middle East c. A.D. 600
Abbasid Empire A.D. 800
Camels are important to desert dwellers. They are sturdy animals that can go as long as seven days without water. Camels also have other adaptations that help them survive in the desert, such as two sets of eyelashes. A long pair protects their eyes from the harsh glare of the sun. The other, shorter pair keeps the sand out of their eyes.
Baghdad today is the capital of Iraq and one of the largest cities in the Middle East. The people of Baghdad have suffered two recent wars—the Gulf War of 1991 and the 2003 Iraq war.
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The Mystery of Smallpox
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c. A.D. 570–632Muhammad