chapter 1.1 force in mechanical systems. what are mechanical systems? basically the “simple...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 1.1
Force In Mechanical Systems
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What Are Mechanical Systems?
• Basically the “simple machines” that you learned in Elementary school– Levers– Gears– Pulleys– Ropes & Chains
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Measurement
• Metric System – aka SI System– Base Units• Meter• Kilogram• Second• Ampere• Kelvin• Mole• Candela
• English System – U.S.A. only– Base Units• Foot• Slug• Second• Ampere• Fahrenheit• Mole• Candela
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Mass vs. Weight
• Mass– The amount of “stuff” an
object has inside of it– Does not change
regardless of where you are in the Universe
• Weight– The force exerted on the
mass inside an object by another larger body.
– Weight does not noticeably change according to your position on the Earth
– Weight does change depending on your position in the Universe
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Describing Force
• When we describe a force we always give its Magnitude and Direction
• We call these Vector quantities• We can diagram forces using arrows• The direction of the arrow describes the
direction of the force while the length of the arrow describes its magnitude.
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Balanced vs. Unbalanced Forces
• Balanced Forces– While you are sitting in
your chair, your weight is pushing down on the chair and the chair is pushing back with the same force – you do not move.
– We say that there is a Net Force equal to 0 or that the system is in Equilibrium
• Unbalanced Forces– When you press the
accelerator pedal to move your vehicle, the engine exerts a force through the transmission, gears and tires to overcome the forces of gravity and friction to cause the car to move.
– If we add up all the forces, it would not equal 0 and we would have an unbalanced system causing a change in motion.
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Balanced Does Not Mean Stationary• An object can have a net force of 0 and still be moving.– Consider a satellite orbiting the Earth – Is it stationary?– Is it accelerating or decelerating?– Is it changing direction and falling to Earth?
• It is in a constant orbit moving at the same speed and direction basically forever unless something hits it causing it to change its motion.
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