chapter 11 a and p lecture notes.notebook 11 a and p lecture notes.notebook 2 march 28, 2017...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
1
March 28, 2017
Table of Contents# Date Title Page #1. 1
i
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
01/30/17 Ch 8: Muscular System
02/14/17 Ch 9: Nervous System 12Ch 10: Somatic and Special Senses03/13/17 53
03/27/17 Ch 11: Endocrine System 53
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
2
March 28, 2017
03/27/17 Ch. 11: Endocrine System
Objective: Students will be able to identify and describe the major endocrine glands of the body.
Glands of the Endocrine System
1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary
5. Pineal
3. Parathyroid
6Thyroid
7. Thymus
Adrenal
9. Pancreas4. Testes
10. Ovaries
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
3
March 28, 2017
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
4
March 28, 2017
03/27/17 Ch. 11: Endocrine System
Objective: Students will be able to identify and describe the major endocrine glands of the body.
Glands of the Endocrine System
1. Hypothalamus
2. Pituitary
5. Pineal
3. Parathyroid
6Thyroid
7. Thymus
Adrenal
9. Pancreas4. Testes
10. Ovaries
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
5
March 28, 2017
03/27/17 Ch. 11: Endocrine System
Objective: Students will be able to identify and describe the major endocrine glands of the body.
Glands of the Endocrine System
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
6
March 28, 2017
03/27/17 Ch. 11: Endocrine SystemObjective:
Students will be able to compare and contrast the nervous and endocrine systems.
Nervous EndocrineNeurons (Nervous) Glandular Epithelium
Use Neurotransmitters Use HormonesReceptors on post-
synaptic cellReceptors on target
cellSpeed= seconds Speed= seconds to
hoursDuration= short Duration= short to
long (seconds to days)
• Both systems oversee cell-to-cell communication using chemical signals that bind to receptor molecules. • Both regulate body processes to maintain homeostasis.
Endocrine System and Nervous System
• Both integrate other systems in response to stimuli.
Similarities
Differences
Endocrine System Consists of glands that secrete chemical hormones which diffuse from the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream to travel and act on target cells.
Does NOT consist of:• exocrine glands--with ducts to the
surface, eg: sweat, oil• paracrine and autocrine secretions--not
true hormones because they never reach the blood stream--they act locally. para--neighboring, auto--secreting cell
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
7
March 28, 2017
Normal
Receptors
Control Center
Stimulus
Effectors
Response
Stimulus
Receptors Effectors
Response
Control Center
Low
High
Drop in Cl-, K+, Na+
Macula densa (distal convoluted tubule)
Brain (Sympathetic Pathway)
Angiotensin II
Vasoconstriction,Aldosterone secretion, Thirst
Blood volume raises
Heart
Brain (Sympathetic Pathway)
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP)
Na+ excretion increases
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
8
March 28, 2017
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
9
March 28, 2017
Normal
Receptors
Control Center
Stimulus
Effectors
Response
Stimulus
ReceptorsEffectors
Response
Control Center
Increased demand for energy
Hypothalamus (low levels of TSH/TRH)
Hypothalamus releases TRH Pituitary releases TSH
Thyroid releases T3 and T4
Increase rate of carb and lipid breakdown, mobilize lipids
Increased levels of T3 and T4 in blood
Hypothalamus
Hypothalamus stops secretion of TRH
Anterior Pituitary stops secretion of TSH
Thyroid stops secretion of T3 and T4
Example 11.9
p. 284
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
10
March 28, 2017
Normal
Receptors
Control Center
Stimulus
Effectors
Response
Stimulus
ReceptorsEffectors
Response
Control Center
Low
High
Example 11.12
p. 289
Increased blood Ca++ levels
Thyroid Gland
Inhibits PTH secretion
Osteoblasts deposit calcium in bones
kidneys/intestines release calcium
Thyroid releases calcitonin
Parathyroid Glands
Decreased blood Ca++ levels
Decreased blood Ca++ levels
Parathyroid Glands
Secrete PTH
Osteoclasts release calcium from bones
kidneys/intestines conserve calcium
Increased blood Ca++ levels
refer to p. 132
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
11
March 28, 2017
03/28/17 Ch. 11: Endocrine System
Objective: Students will be able to discuss how negative feedback mechanisms regulate hormonal secretions.
Control of the Endocrine System1. The hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
stimulate other endocrine glands
2. The nervous system stimulates a gland directly
3. Changes in the internal environment stimulate glands directly
All of the above involve negative feedback mechanisms
see p. 295: • Use fig. 11.17 to explain how blood glucose concentration is maintained.• Which of the 3 types of control are involved?
see p. 297: • Use fig. 11.18 to answer Endocrine Questions
ProstaglandinsRegulate cells, can stimulate hormone secretion (from adrenal cortex) or inhibit secretions (HCl from stomach), but:• they act quickly• are not stored• act more locally than hormones
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
12
March 28, 2017
Chapter 11 A and P Lecture Notes.notebook
13
March 28, 2017
03/28/17 Ch. 11: Endocrine System
Objective: Students will be able to distinguish between steroid and nonsteroid hormones and explain how each affects target cells.
Steroid
Non-steroid
Form from Cholesterol
Form from other biomolecules: primarily amino acids
Examples: estrogen, testosterone, aldosterone, cortisol
Examples: amines (norepinephrine, epinephrine), peptides (antidiuretic hormone, oxytocin), proteins (parathyroid hormone, growth hormone)
Some form from glycoproteins--a combination of protein and carbohydrate
Examples: FSH, Luteinizing hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone
Goes into nucleus and binds to DNA to turn on genes.
Binds to membrane and triggers a cascade in the cell.
See Page 279
See Page 280--describe the "cascade"