Week #9

March 22, 2022

MIS 213

Reminder –

Next Week

NO CLASS DUE TO BUSINESS WEEK

Bé

lan

ge

r, Va

n S

lyke

, Cro

ssler ©

Pro

spe

ct P

ress 2

01

82

Attendance

Tracking

WILL OCCUR IN APRIL

ATTEND 3 / 4 TUESDAY SESSIONS FOR FULL CREDIT

WILL USE POLL EVERYWHERE TO TRACK ATTENDANCE

Bé

lan

ge

r, Va

n S

lyke

, Cro

ssler ©

Pro

spe

ct P

ress 2

01

83

Chapter 10

System Development

System

Development

This is the area

of Information

Systems that will

involve many of

you

As systems are

developed by

teams of

individuals inside

and outside

of Information

Systems

Systems Development

involves many stakeholders

Traditional development cycle

Waterfall

Advantage:

Detailed

Disadvantage:

Slow / Requirements

Change

Steps in Development - #1

Problem Identification

Which department(s) has(have) the

problem?

How significant is the problem

What is the problem?

Overview of potential system

Should be developed by the end

users, the business units!

Steps in Development - #2

Feasible? Legal?

Required by law?

Technology issues?

Organizational issues?

Economic Potential

IT projects should reduce costs or

IT projects should increase revenues or

Are necessary to run the business (telecommunications)

Steps in Development - #3

System Analysis

Bring in all users

Bring in all stakeholders

Bring in IT Team

Bring in all current reports/forms

To recommend multiple options to management with a

recommendation and return on investment on the best

option

All business majors involved in this step

Systems Analysis – Step 3 Continued

The process of studying an existing system and identifying the

weaknesses and inefficiencies that occur as a result of that system

1. Summary of needs/problems

2. Recommend Hardware

3. Recommend Software

4. Recommend People

5. Recommend Communication Devices

6. Training Procedures

7. Maintenance Requirements

Recommendations for development

Purchase the software

Write the software

Lease the software

Purchase/modify

Development of changes in Entropy?

Who should be involved?

What issues / problems / concerns have

surfaced (or new features)

What recommendations to solve the

issues can you make?

System Development #4

System Design

Involves IT and end users

Design the databases

“Story board” the screens

Determine communication needs

Use Prototypes to help in the design

phase

System Development #5

Implementation

Write the code (IT)

Build Intranet/Internet/Extranet sites

System Development #6

Testing

Use individuals outside the IT

department

End users

System Development - #7

Conversion to new system

Parallel – Run both

Phased – Small segments of new system

Cold Turkey – Switch to new

System Development #8

Maintenance

Changes to the system after ‘live’

Up to 30% of overall costs!

Rapid Application Development (RAD)

Design prototype

Develop prototype

Test prototype

Review with users

Gather requirements

Rapid Application Development Cycle

Outsourcing Decision Questions

How mature is the IT system in question?

Systems that have been around a long time are better candidates

for outsourcing.

How significant is the system to the organization’s competitive

advantage?

Outsource to concentrate on core activities.

How does the organization’s IT capability compare with

competitors’?

If the organization has relatively weak IT capabilities, it may be better

to outsource.

Are there cost advantages to outsourcing?

Even if there are not, it may still be a good idea to outsource if the

organization can focus on critical areas.