chapter 10 muscles

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition

Elaine N. Marieb

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky

10The Muscular System


Major Skeletal Muscles: Anterior View

The 40 superficial

muscles here are divided

into 10 regional areas of

the body

Figure 10.4b


Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View

The 27 superficial

muscles here are divided

into seven regional areas

of the body

Figure 10.5b


Muscles: Name, and Action

Name and description of the muscle – be alert to

information about the muscle given in the name

Origin and insertion – there is always a joint between the

origin and insertion

Action – best learned by acting out a muscle’s movement on

one’s own body


Muscles of the Face

Figure 10.6


Muscles of Mastication

Figure 10.7a

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.8a

Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat


Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Anterior

Figure 10.9a


Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Posterior

Figure 10.9b


Deep Back Muscles

Figure 10.9d

1

2

3

45

6

7

8


Muscles of Respiration

The primary function of

deep thoracic muscles is

to promote movement

for breathing

External intercostals –

more superficial layer

that lifts the rib cage and

increases thoracic

volume to allow

inspiration

Figure 10.10a


Muscles of Respiration

Internal intercostals –

deeper layer that aids in

forced expiration

Diaphragm – most

important muscle in

inspiration

Figure 10.10a


Muscles of Respiration: The Diaphragm

Figure 10.10b


Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

Figure 10.11a

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

2

1



Figure 10.11b



Figure 10.11c


Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles

Figure 10.13a

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles

Figure 10.13b


Muscles Crossing the Shoulder

Figure 10.14a

1

2

3

4

5

6

7



Figure 10.14d

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8



Figure 10.14c


Muscles Crossing the Elbow

Forearm extension

The triceps brachii is the prime mover of forearm

extension

Forearm flexion

Brachialis and biceps brachii are the chief forearm

flexors

The brachioradialis acts as a synergist and helps

stabilize the elbow


Muscles of the Forearm

The two functional forearm muscle groups are: those that cause wrist movement, and those that move the fingers and the thumb

These muscles insert via strong ligaments called flexorretinacula and extensor retinacula

Anteriomedial compartment - flexors and pronators

Posterolateral compartment - extensors and supinator

The pronator teres and pronator quadratus are not flexors, but pronate the forearm

The supinator muscle is a synergist with the biceps brachii in supinating the forearm


Forearm:

Superficial

Anterior

Compartment

These muscles are

primarily flexors

of the wrist and

fingers and

pronators

Figure 10.15a

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8


Forearm: Deeper Anterior Compartment

Figure 10.15b, c

12

3

4

5

6

Deep Deepest


Forearm:

Superficial

Posterior

Compartment

These muscles are

primarily extensors of

the wrist and fingers

Figure 10.16a

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Forearm:

Deep

Posterior

Compartment

These muscles are

primarily extensors of

the wrist and fingers

and the supinator

Figure 10.16b

1

2

3

4

5


Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints

Anterior compartment (most) muscles of the hip and thigh

flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee

Extend the leg (anterior compartment)

Posterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh extend

the thigh and flex the leg

Flex and extend the thigh (posterior compartment)

Medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh

Adduct the thigh (medial compartment)

These three groups are enclosed by the fascia lata


The most important thigh flexors are the iliopsoas (prime

mover), tensor fasciae latae, and rectus femoris

The medially located adductor muscles and sartorius

assist in flexion

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip:

Flexion and Extension


Thigh extension is primarily effected by the hamstrings

(biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)

Forceful extension is aided by the gluteus maximus


Flexion and Extension


Figure 10.19a

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12


Abduction and rotation are effected by the gluteus

medius and gluteus minimus, and are antagonized by the

lateral rotators

Thigh adduction is the role of five adductor muscles

(adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor

brevis; the pectineus, and the gracilis)


Other Movements


Figure 10.20a

1

2

3

4

5

6

*

*



Other Movements

Figure 10.20b

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9


Movements:

Knee Joint

sole extensor of the

knee

quadriceps

femoris

flex the knee, and

are antagonists to

the quadriceps

femoris

hamstrings

Figure 10.19a


Muscles of the

Anterior Compartment

primary toe extensors and ankle

dorsiflexors

tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

extensor hallucis longus

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Figure 10.21a

1

2

3

4

5

6

7


Figure 10.21b-d

Muscles of the

Anterior

Compartment

ISOLATED


Muscles of the

Lateral Compartment

plantar flex and evert the foot

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

Figure 10.22a

1

2

3

4

5

6

78

9


Muscles of the

Posterior Compartment

primarily flex the foot and the

toes

gastrocnemius

soleus

tibialis posterior

flexor digitorum longus

flexor hallucis longus

Figure 10.23a

1

2

3

4


Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEP

Figure 10.23b, c

Deep

1

23

4

5

6


Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEPEST

Figure 10.23b, c

Deepest

12

3

4

5

6

7

*

**


Figure 10.23d-f

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - ISOLATED

chapter 10 muscles

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