chapter 10 math research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to...

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Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones han demostrado que prácticamente todos los niños tienen la capacidad de aprender y ser competente en matemáticas. ©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

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Page 1: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Chapter 10Math

Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics.

Investigaciones han demostrado que prácticamente todos los niños tienen la capacidad de aprender y ser competente en matemáticas.

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 2: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Math is everywhere

Las matemáticas están en todas partes

Daily living provides a math-rich environment Vida diaria proporciona un ambiente rico en

matemáticas

Math must be hands-on and DAP Matemáticas deben ser prácticos y DAP

Teach math in a context that has a purpose to the child Enseñar matemáticas en un contexto que tiene un

propósito para el niño

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 3: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Focus on conceptual math, not pencil-and-

paper Centrarse en matemáticas conceptuales, no

lápiz y papel

Not limited to a specific period or time of day Sin limitarse a un período específico o la hora

del día

Relationships and repetition are key to math learning Las relaciones y la repetición son la clave para

el aprendizaje de las matemáticas

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 4: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Concept Development Concepts are the building

blocks of knowledge Los conceptos son los

bloques de construcción de conocimiento

Concepts are acquired through children’s active involvement with their environment

Conceptos son adquiridos a través de la participación activa de los niños con su entorno

Fostered by solving problems

Fomentada por resolver problemas

Definition of the term early mathematics

Definición de la matemática temprana del término

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 5: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Names Associated with Mathematical Concepts Piaget

Two types of knowledge Physical

Logico-mathematical

Vygotsky Skills learned from those who have more skills Zone of proximal development

Gardner Logical-mathematical intelligence

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 6: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Language Development Math language development occurs as

children develop number sense and logical ways of thinking about time, space, and other mathematical ideas during the first 8 years of life Desarrollo del lenguaje matemáticas se

produce cuando los niños desarrollan el sentido numérico y lógicas maneras de pensar acerca del tiempo, espacio y otras ideas matemáticas durante los primeros 8 años de vida

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 7: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Language Development Children encounter significant

mathematical experiences in their play Los niños encuentran experiencias

significativas matemáticas en sus juegos

Language based on recommendations from NCTM’s Principles and Standards for School Mathematics Lenguaje basado en las

recomendaciones de las normas y principios de NCTM para matemáticas de la escuela

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 8: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Concepts

Numbers and Operations

1. Number sense

2. One-to-one correspondence Each object has the value of one

Awareness of this relationship

3. Count anything and everything Rote counting

Rational counting

4. Classifying and sorting Grouping objects by a common

characteristic or attribute—size, shape, or color

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 9: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Concepts

Números y operaciones1. Sentido de números

2. Correspondencia uno a uno

Cada objeto tiene el valor de uno

Conocimiento de esta relación

3. Cuenta todo a tu alrededor

Contando rote

Contar racional

4. Clasificar y agrupación de objetos Agrupar objetos por una característica o un

atributo común: tamaño, forma o color

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 10: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Concepts (continued)

Patterns, functions, and algebra Patrones, funciones y álgebra Sequence of numbers, colors, objects,

sounds, shapes, or movements that repeat in the same order over and over

Secuencia de números, colores, objetos, sonidos, formas o los movimientos que se repiten una y otra vez en el mismo orden

Seriation Comparative vocabulary develops

Desarrolla vocabulario comparativo

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 11: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Concepts (continued)

Early geometry and spatial sense Temprana geometría y sentido espacial Children’s awareness of themselves in

relation to the people and objects around them

Conciencia de los niños de sí mismos en relación con las personas y objetos que los rodean

Concepts relating to space, position, time, sound, rhythm, body parts, and body control

Conceptos relativos al espacio, posición, tiempo, sonido, ritmo, partes del cuerpo y control del cuerpo

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 12: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Concepts (continued)

Measurement (Medidas) Data analysis and probability

Probabilidad y análisis de datos Graphs(Grafica)

Problem solving (Resolución de problemas) The process of mathematics

El proceso de las matemáticas

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 13: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Math Concepts (continued)

Curriculum focal points Way to bring focus to

the teaching, learning, and assessing of mathematics

http://www.nctm.org Puntos focales de

currículo forma de enfoque

a la enseñanza, aprendizaje y evaluación de las matemáticas

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 14: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Integrating Experiences with Other Areas Outdoors (Afuera)

Spatial and shape concepts Classification Patterns Counting Number sense Measurement

Espacial y forma conceptos, clasificación, patrones, contar, sentido de números, medición

Science (Ciencia) Sorting collections (colecciones de

clasificar) Graphing and charting (Grafica)

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 15: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Integrating Experiences with Other Areas (continued)

Cooking (Cocina)

Measuring

Medidas

Counting

Contar

Art (Arte)

Outlining (Contorno)

Language, literacy, and literature

Lenguaje y literature

Speaking

Hablar

Reading

Leer

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 16: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Materials for Developing Math Concepts Children will naturally explore their

environments Los niños naturalmente explorarán

sus entornos Role of teacher to provide words,

materials, and resources to scaffold learning

Rol de maestro para proporcionar palabras, materiales y recursos para el aprendizaje del andamio

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 17: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Materials for Developing Math Concepts Materials could include (Materiales que se

pueden incluir) Balances Bingo cards Blocks Board games Calculators Objects to count, sort, classify, make

patterns Balanza, tarjetas de bingo, bloques,

juegos de mesa, calculadoras, objetos para contar, ordenar, clasificar, hacer patrones

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 18: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Technology and Mathematics Calculators should be available for use by

young children Calculadoras deben estar disponibles para su uso

por niños pequeños

Teachers should review software carefully Los maestros deben revisar cuidadosamente

software Open-ended software preferred

Software abierto preferido

Drill-and-practice software kills creativity

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 19: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Technology and Mathematics

Software de ejercicio y práctica mata creatividad

Cooperative use of computers Cooperativa uso de computadoras

Virtual manipulatives Manipulativos virtuales

Link computer math to ongoing concrete experiences

Matemáticas de computadora enlace a experiencias concretas en curso

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 20: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Successful Mathematical Teaching Strategies Utilizing a detailed approach that

guides children through a defined instructional sequence Utilizando un enfoque detallado que

guía a los niños a través de una secuencia de instrucción definida

Often referred to as systematic and explicit instruction

A menudo se denomina instrucción sistemática y explícita

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 21: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Successful Mathematical Teaching Strategies Incorporation of self-instruction

Incorporación de auto instrucción Includes children using prompting or

solution-oriented questions and rebus charts

Incluye a los niños mediante preguntas planteándolas u orientado y gráficos de rebús

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 22: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Successful Mathematical Teaching Strategies Peer tutoring allows children of differing

abilities to be paired to learn and practice particular skills Tutoría entre iguales permite a los niños de

diferentes capacidades que estar emparejadas aprender y practicar habilidades

Use manipulatives, pictures, number lines, and graphs (visual representation) to teach mathematical concepts Utilizar manipulativos, número de líneas,

imágenes y gráficos (representación visual) para enseñar conceptos matemáticos

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 23: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Adaptations and Accommodations Block distractions with partitions or have

children face the wall instead of the busy classroom Bloquear las distracciones con particiones o tener

hijos frente a la pared en lugar del aula ocupada Make removable partitions by cutting a three-

panel science display board in half to sit on a table

Hacer particiones desmontables cortando una tablilla de tres paneles ciencia por la mitad a sentarse en una mesa

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 24: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Adaptations and Accommodations Place the activity on a tray with a smaller

container to hold the pieces to provide more structure and focus the child’s attention Poner la actividad en una bandeja con un envase

más pequeño para sostener las piezas para proporcionar más estructura y centrar la atención del niño

Glue knob handles on top of puzzle pieces to make them easier to grip Perilla del pegamento se encarga además de

piezas del rompe cabezas para facilitar el agarre

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 25: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Encouraging Family Support Provide them with activities

Proporcionarles actividades

Inform them about opportunities for math at home Informarles sobre las oportunidades de

matemáticas en casa Sorting laundry

By color

By shape

By family members

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 26: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Encouraging Family Support Setting the table

Clasificación ropa color forma por miembros de la familia poniendo la mesa

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 27: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Tips for Teachers Encourage exploration by children

Fomentar la exploración de los niños

Focus on process, not “correct” answer Centrarse en el proceso, no es "correcto"

respuesta It’s okay to make mistakes

Está bien cometer errores

Break down steps Separa los pasos

Allow time for math discovery Dar tiempo para el descubrimiento de las

matemáticas

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.

Page 28: Chapter 10 Math Research has demonstrated that virtually all young children have the capability to learn and become competent in mathematics. Investigaciones

Tips for Teachers Plan appropriate activities Planea actividades apropiadas Allow materials to be used in all areas

Permita que los materiales a usarse en todas las áreas

Use (Usa) Number songs and books

Libros y canciones de número

Rhymes and rhythm Rima y ritmo

©2015 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.