chapter 10 liquids & solids. i ntermolecular f orces dipole-dipole attraction (1% as strong as a...

CHAPTER 10 LIQUIDS & SOLIDS

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CHAPTER 10LIQUIDS & SOLIDS

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Dipole-dipole attraction (1% as strong

as a bond & indirectly proportional to distance)

Polarizability Hydrogen bonding (SONF; very strong

force because of polarity and size) London dispersion forces (weak and

short lived; between nonpolar molecules

Page 3: CHAPTER 10 LIQUIDS & SOLIDS. I NTERMOLECULAR F ORCES Dipole-dipole attraction (1% as strong as a bond & indirectly proportional to distance) Polarizability

LIQUIDSSurface tension – resistance to increase surface area

Capillary action – rising of liquid in a narrow tube (cohesive & adhesive forces)

Viscosity – resistance to flow

Page 4: CHAPTER 10 LIQUIDS & SOLIDS. I NTERMOLECULAR F ORCES Dipole-dipole attraction (1% as strong as a bond & indirectly proportional to distance) Polarizability

SOLIDS Structure (crystalline & amorphous) Unit cell (page 461) Lattice – several repeating unit cells X-ray diffraction Types of crystals (ionic, molecular and

atomic) Metals (thermal & electrical conductivity,

malleability & ductility Look at page 466 to see closest packing of

metals Review Example 10.2 on page 467

Page 5: CHAPTER 10 LIQUIDS & SOLIDS. I NTERMOLECULAR F ORCES Dipole-dipole attraction (1% as strong as a bond & indirectly proportional to distance) Polarizability

MORE METALS…Alloys (substitutional & interstitial)

Network solids (carbon & silicon)

SemiconductorsIonic solids

Page 6: CHAPTER 10 LIQUIDS & SOLIDS. I NTERMOLECULAR F ORCES Dipole-dipole attraction (1% as strong as a bond & indirectly proportional to distance) Polarizability

VAPOR PRESSUREEnthalpy of vaportization (DHvap)

Equilibrium vapor pressure Formula:

Page 7: CHAPTER 10 LIQUIDS & SOLIDS. I NTERMOLECULAR F ORCES Dipole-dipole attraction (1% as strong as a bond & indirectly proportional to distance) Polarizability

CHANGES OF STATESublimationHeating curveEnthalpy of fusionNormal MP & BPSupercooled & superheated

Page 8: CHAPTER 10 LIQUIDS & SOLIDS. I NTERMOLECULAR F ORCES Dipole-dipole attraction (1% as strong as a bond & indirectly proportional to distance) Polarizability

PHASE DIAGRAMSCritical temperatureCritical pressureCritical point

Dispersion and Dipole-Dipole

Polarizability of shelled particles of arbitrary shape in

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