chapter 10 lesson 1 what are mental disorders. mental disorders an illness of the mind that can...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 10 Lesson 1
What Are Mental Disorders
Mental Disorders
• An Illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful and productive life
• Identified by their inability to cope in healthful ways with life’s changes, demands, problems, or traumas
Mental Disorders
• In the past mental disorders were misunderstood and people with such disorders were feared or shunned
• Mental disorders understood not only as disturbances in the emotions but also as imbalances in the chemistry of the brain
Types of Mental Disorders
• Organic disorders
• Functional disorder– Anxiety– Somatoform– Affective – personality
Organic Disorder
• Caused by a physical illness or an injury that affects the brain
• Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections such as syphilis and meningitis, lupus and stroke
• Some are inherited chemical imbalances
Functional Disorder
• Result of psychological causes in which no clear brain damage is involved
• Usually result from stress, emotional conflict, fear or poor coping skills
• May be tied to inborn causes, traumatic events in childhood, or current causes
• Main functional disorders – anxiety, somatoform, affective and personality
Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder
• Illness in which real, imagined or persistent fears prevent a person from enjoying life
• Continuous, chronic anxiety
• People will often arrange their lives so as to avoid the object or situation that makes the anxious or nervous
Anxiety Disorder
Anxiety Disorder
• Four types of anxiety disorders
• Phobias
• Obsessive-compulsive
• Panic Disorders
• Post traumatic stress disorder
Anxiety Disorders/Phobias
• Specific fear that is so strong that person goes to extreme measures to avoid the fear producing object of activity– Acrophobia – fear of heights– Claustrophobia – Fear of enclosed spaces
Person with phobia may be unable to carry out daily activities
Some believe that phobias are related to some past experience that was upsetting
Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive compulsive
• Trapped in a pattern of repeated behaviors or thoughts
• Obsession – consistent, recurrent, unwanted thoughts or ideas that keep people from thinking about other things
• Compulsion – urgent, repeated, irresistible behaviors
Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive compulsive
Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive compulsive
• Person with OCD might feel the urge to wash hands 20-30 times a day
• When these activities interfere with other daily functions an commitments, they are considered a problem
Anxiety Disorder/Panic
• Fear or anxiety get in the way of functioning and enjoying life
• The individual may feel anxious, fearful, and upset most of the time, or the feelings may arise for no apparent reason
• Panic attacks are accompanied by severe symptoms such as trembling, a racing heart, shortness of breath, dizziness or even dying
Anxiety Disorder/Panic
Anxiety Disorder/Post Traumatic stress Syndrome
• Person who experiences or witnesses a traumatic event feels sever and long lasting aftereffects
• Common among veterans of military combat rape survivors, survivors of natural disatsers
• Symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, reaction to an image, sleeplessness,
Anxiety Disorder/Post Traumatic stress Syndrome
• Symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, reaction to an image, sleeplessness, feelings of guilt, or an extreme reaction to an image or sound that reminds the person of the event
Somatoform Disorders
• Describe an illness in which a person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found
• Hypochondria – a preoccupation with the body and fear of presumed diseases that are not present
• Constantly feel aches and pains and worries about developing cancer, hear disease, or some other serious problem
Somatoform Disorders
Affective Disorder
• A mood disorder often with an organic cause that relates to emotions and may involve mood swings or mood extremes that interfere with everyday living
• Mood swings are severe and may last long periods of time
• Clinical depression
• Bipolar Disorder
Affective Disorder/Clinical Depression
• Feeling of sadness, hopelessness, or despair last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily activities and interests
• It can be a serious health problem that affects one’s ability to concentrate, sleep, perform at school or work or handle everyday decisions
Affective Disorder/Clinical Depression
• It can be a symptom of substance abuse
• It can run in families and be biologically based
• Can be caused by life events and accumulated traumas or stressors
Affective Disorder/Bipolar Disorder
• Illness characterized by extreme mood swings between depression and extreme happiness, or mania
• During manic periods people may feel extremely happy or energetic
• Often this “high” period ends abruptly and a period of deep depression sets in
• Between periods they behave normally
Affective Disorder/Bipolar Disorder
Personality Disorder
• Variety of psychological conditions that affect a person’s ability to get along with others
• May often be at odds with others and never see their part in the problem
• Personality disorders have no apparent distinct signs or symptoms
Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
• Person’s constant conflict with society
• May display behavior that is cruel, uncaring, irresponsible and impulsive
• They can distinguish right from wrong, they often don’t care about others’ needs or society’s rules and are often in trouble with the law
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
• Means Split mind
• 1 to 2 % of the population and appears most frequently among people between the ages of 15 and 35
• Untreated they may act inappropriately, exhibit abnormal emotional responses, or in some cases, show no emotional responses at all
Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
• Some schizophrenics withdraw often losing all sense of time and space
• Some hallucinate or hear voices, talk to themselves, act odd, or neglect to care for themselves
• Paranoid Schizophrenics – mistrust and are suspicious of others
• They may believe they are being followed, listened to or targeted for harm
Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
• Professional help and chemical intervention are always recommended