chapter 10: evolution
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Chapter 10: Evolution . Section 10.1 Early Ideas about Evolution . Warm-Up. How can you use the concept of genetic inheritance to disprove Lamarc k’s idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics?. Objectives . Students will be able to examine early ideas about evolution. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 10: Evolution
Section 10.1 Early Ideas about Evolution
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Warm-Up1. How can you use the concept of genetic
inheritance to disprove Lamarck’s idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics?
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Objectives 1. Students will be able to examine early
ideas about evolution. 2. Students will be able to identify three
geological theories that influenced scientific debates over evolution
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Key Concept There were theories of biological and
geologic change before Darwin.
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Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution
What is Evolution? The process of biological change by which
descendants come to differ from their ancestors
Evolution is the central theme of all fields of biology
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Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution
1. Carl Linnaeus Swedish Botanist who developed a
classification system for all organisms know at the time :
Binomial Nomenclature Organisms were grouped by their
similarities and evolutionary relationships
Believed that some organisms developed due to hybridization
Crossing between species Species: a group of organisms so similar to
one another that they can reproduce and have offspring
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Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution
2. George Louis Leclerc de Buffon French naturalist Suggested that species shared ancestors Discussed the sources of biological
evolution
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Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution
3. Erasmus Darwin Charles Darwin’s Grandfather He suggested that all organisms evolved
from a common ancestor More complex life forms developed from
less complex life forms
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Early Scientists Proposed Ideas About Evolution
4. Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Believed that all organisms
evolved to become perfect and more complex
Did not believe in the idea of extinction
Changes in the environment could lead to a change in an organisms behavior which can lead to use or disuse of a particular structure or organ
Inheritance of Acquired characteristics
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Timeline of Evolution
1735:Linnaeus classification system
1749:Buffon species shared ancestors
1794-1796: Erasmus Darwin more complex forms develop from less complex forms
1809: Lamarck environmental change leads to use or disuse
1859: Charles Darwin published On the Origin of the Species
1866:Mendel publishes his pea plant research
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Theories of Geologic Change Set the Stage for Darwin’s Theory
George Cuvier presented the idea that species could become extinct.
Cuvier observed that within each layer, or stratum, of rocks laid specific type of fossils Traces of organisms that existed in the past
Cuvier proposed the geologic change theory of Catastrophism: Natural disasters have occurred throughout
the Earth’s history causing species to become extinct.
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Theories of Geologic Change Set the Stage for Darwin’s Theory
James Hutton proposed the theory of gradualism Slow changes over time
Charles Lyell developed the theory of gradualism into something greater called uniformitarianism Geologic processes that shape the Earth are
uniform throughout time. This theory greatly influenced the work of
Charles Darwin.
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Theories of Geologic Change Set the Stage for Darwin’s Theory
Uniformitarianism is the prevailing theory of geologic change.
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Reflection (1) Examine early ideas about
evolution. (2) Identify three geological
theories that influenced scientific debate over evolution.
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Chapter 10: Evolution
Section 10.2 Darwin’s observations
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Objectives 1. Students will be able to describe how
Darwin arrived at his idea about species variation
2. Students will be able to recognize how Darwin’s discoveries supported Lyell’s ancient Earth Theory
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Key Concept Darwin’s voyage provided insight on
evolution.
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Darwin Observed Differences Among
Island Species Darwin, during 1831, set off on a five year
expedition on the HMS Beagle along the coast of South America and the Pacific Islands
On his travels, he was surprised by the variation of traits among species Variation: difference in physical traits of an
individual from other individuals in the group to which it belongs Interspecific Intraspecific
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Darwin Observed Differences Among
Island Species Variation is a difference in a physical trait.
Galápagos tortoises that live in areas with tall plants have long necks and legs.
Galápagos finches that live in areas with hard-shelled nuts have strong beaks.
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Darwin Observed Differences Among
Island Species An adaptation is a feature that allows an
organism to better survive in its environment. Species are able to adapt to their environment. Adaptations can lead to genetic change in a
population.
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Darwin Observed Differences Among
Island Species
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Darwin Observed Fossil and Geologic Evidence Supporting an Ancient
Earth Darwin found fossils of extinct animals that resemble modern animals.
Darwin found fossil shells high up in the Andes mountains.
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Darwin Observed Fossil and Geologic Evidence Supporting an Ancient
Earth He saw land move
from underwater to above sea level due to an earthquake.
Darwin extended his observations to the evolution of organisms.
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Reflection (1) Describe how Darwin arrived
at his idea about species variation.
(2) Recognize how Darwin’s discoveries supported Lyell’s ancient-Earth theory.
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Homework PN Section 10.3 V# 10 Vocabulary due Friday Web Quest due Wednesday