CHAPTER 10 AND 11

China and Japan

What can you comment on about Chinese culture, politics, economy and history?

Acquiring prior knowledge

Who am I? “Do not do unto others that which you

would not have them do unto you.”

Born 551 BCE-479 BCE.

By the end of this chapter, you will be able to:

• Explain the reaction of ancient China to exposure to external influences at different points in its history

• Analyze the factors that contributed to the maintenance of stability and continuity during China’s long history

• Evaluate the contributions of selected individuals and groups to the development of legal, political, military, religious, and intellectual traditions in ancient China

• Demonstrate and understanding of the influence of women in the political an economic life of ancient China

Consider the following

Taroko Gorge

Penta kids

In the classroom

Shilin Market

Scooters…. 10$ a day

Define cosmology What does it mean?

Zhongguo (Jong-gwo) means ‘middle Kingdom’. Cosmology is the study of the nature of

the universe and its origins. It has five directions (north, east, west, south, and centre).

The centre is the most desirable and most superior.

Japan and Korea have followed the Chinese example of discipline in teachings and seirous punishment for children.

China

The Chinese paved the way for the compass, the crossbow, gunpowder, paper and printing, paper money, silk, porcelain, tea, just to name a few.China, over the past 2000 years, has been argued to be one of the most advanced of all civilizations.

Inventions

Read 329 in your textbook Then answer questions 1 and 2 in your

notebook. (new piece of paper)

On page 330, jot down the time frames in the bottom left hand corner.

Read CHANGE AND CONTINUITY in CHINA on page 330 until 336

TED Talks Jacques Martin : Understanding the Rise

of China

http://www.ted.com/talks/martin_jacques_understanding_the_rise_of_china.html

Page 336 Answer questions 1-3 from the textbook

and any information you gathered from the TED talk by Jacques Martin.

House keeping items

• You need to start decorating (today?) for the tree• Bring it something that is shelter/circle shaped as

as theme for the tree.• Due TOMORROW!!

• There will be a mini-project for this (this week/next)• There will also be a written test on Chapters 10/11• Make sure you keep up with your notes

• Everything in the textbook and in lectures is testable.• Review to come next week.

The Formative Period From 1600 BCE – 1027 BCE

Otherwise known as the ‘Shang’ Kings lived above ground while

commoners lived on ground-level. They never saw themselves as God-like, as in the Egyptian Pharaoh, but rather worshipped and followed their ancestor.

Formative Continued Women and Man were seen as relatively

equal in family life. However, without a son, parents were

doomed to a gloomy existence in the afterlife, and this gender preference is still strong in China today.

They had loose political and military control and were eventually ousted by a warlike people in 1027 BCE. They were the Zhou (joe).

“hundred schools of thought”The Zhou period lasted almost 1000 years. They had a strong sense of government and established a feudal system much like Europe established 2000 years later.This system didn’t last for very long. Half of the Zhou period was run by small independent rulers (at one point had hundreds of small domains).

The Classical Age

Classical Age – Hundred Schools of Thought

Confucianism – relationships within each other

Legalism – direction from higher order Taoism – predates Confucianism and

focus on individual within natural Mohism – universal love School of yin-yang – forces of nature Logicans – definition and logic (parrellel

with ancient greek)

Yin-Yang

Sun Tzu – The Art Of War One of the most influential and famous

books ever written and recorded in history.

General Sun Tzu. The book is still used by military

academies to this day.

“All war is deception.”

Sun Tzu – Art of War

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erZ2YidTZp4

Sun Tzu

Confucius in Classical Age Known as Master Kong His words were recorded by 72 disciples

in a collection now called ‘The Analects’. Golden rule. “do unto others…” Learning and practice could lead human

beings to true humanity. Education must be open to all, free of

class distinctions. Teachers must respect their students but students were responsible for their own education.

Confucius continued Believed in a curriculum that included

history, poetry, etiquette, music, and physical education.

Practice consisted of 3 major elements: filial piety where young people must respect and obey all those older than themselves, especially in their own families.

Second is rectificaiton of names where people had a role in society. “father is a father, son is a son”. People could progress but shouldn’t seek to usurp the position above them.

Confucius Continued Finally, believed in practice of courtesy

where we expand our sense of goodness each time we perform even a small act of courtesy.

Felt this would get rid of laws and punishment in society.

Famous Confucius quotes Choose a job you love, and you will

never have to work a day in your life.

Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall.

When it is obvious that the goals cannot be reached, don't adjust the goals, adjust the action steps.

Your turn Read about the three empires

(dynasties) from 337-349. Answer questions 1-3 on page 349

The First Empire Prince Han Fei Zi in 230 BCE started

massive amount of military campaigns where thousands of causalties were the result.

He created a new title for him self ‘Shi Huangdi’ which means The First Emperor’.

He called his dynasty the Qin (chin) where China is now the name as a result.

He transformed the landscape and created a legacy that still exists today.

The First Empire

The First Emperor of China Using 700 000 laborers he created Xi’an

(shee-on) that covered about 70 square kilometers.

Many of his structures were connect by covered walkways and secret passages to protect his movements from assassins.

He created roads, with express lanes, standardize coins, and outlawed virtually everything in Qin.

He carried out many battles, especially against the Huns, who constantly raided north China.

The First Emperor of China

The First Emperor of China

Great wall of China Crossed some of the most inhospitable

land. Many were buried inside the walls and it

is considered ‘the world’s largest graveyard’.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKzFnhN8o04

The Han Dynasty The First Emperor died and rebels against

the Prime Minister defeated and founded a a new dynasty called the Han.

The Han was a vast and great empire and even created a international trade route called ‘the silk Road’.

The population was around 60 million where 90% of the population was prosperous.

The Emperor was Wudi (woo-dee) who reigned from 140 to 87 BCE

Han Dynasty Wudi made Confcianism the state

religion. Conquered most of East Asia (Japan,

Korea, Vietnam). China’s first University was founded in

124 BCE. Officials were selected for public office

by the worlds first system of competitive examinations, a system the West brought in the 19th Century.

9 ministers managed tax collection to defense.

Wudi

Structure of Government Many people had various roles. Lots of servants, sometimes as eunuchs. 121 women..

Decline of the Han Rich got richer and the poor got poorer. Unstable government and inability to

keep massive population healthy and happy.

Rebels from the East and South due to disloyal generals.

Even though it has similiarities of Rome, the empire of Rome declined however the Chinese Empire endured and rose to great heights.

589 CE Sui Wendi created the Sui Dynasty.Aggressive general who eventually kept taxes low, however, after his death, his son took over and spent money on material things where one of his own Generals eventually killed him.The second Empire eventually turned into the GOLDEN AGE of CHINA in the Tang dynasty.

The Second Empire

The Tang – Golden Age of China The capital was Chang’an and had a

population of over 1M people where at a time Rome had 60 000.

It was multicultural and multireligious. Emperor Taizong (627-649) and his

Empress Wu are some of the most popular rulers of China’s history.

Again, rebels against the government caused for the decline of this Empire…..

Golden Age continued However… it is seen as the Golden Age

because of its high culture, stable government, expansive foreign relations, and degree of prosperity (people were granted land).

The Song Dynasty

Scholars compare it to the Renaissance in Europe

The Third Empire

Third Empire – Song Dynasty Began with the works of Confucius and

blended it with Buddhism, Daoism, and created a new ideology called Neo-Confucianism.

Song dynasty is remembered for its economic reformation and artistic achievements.

It was the world’s most advanced industries, especially in agriculture, commerce, and economy until the 18th Century.

Song Dynasty Started to make paper money and by

accident discovered gunpowder for mining of coal and iron.

Advances in fertilizers progressed and help because the population had reached 100 million.

Very capitlistic. Let the system take its course… ‘flying money’. Page 348.

Daily Life in the Capital Read 350-351.

What was life like in the Capital? Was it fair and/or necessary?

Discussion.

The Mongols Khubilai Khan and others, the Mongols

ruled China for almost 100 years. They were nasty, ruthless warriors. They called their dynasty the Yuan

‘Beginning’. Mongol armies were capable of killing a

person by horse back with bow an arrow from 180 m away.

Mongols would drink blood and milk and could sleep anywhere.

Mongols continued Many outsiders (Europeans, Russians,

Middle East) thought the Mongols were demons sent from Hell.

Khubilai Khan eventually made Beijing the capital.

The Mongols didn’t converse with the Chinese and gave themselves massive salaries.

The Last Empire 1368-1644 CE (Ming Dynasty) 1644-1911 CE (Qing Dynasty)

Confucian value was restored Peace, prosperity, and stability came back.

They didn’t match Europeans exploring the remainder of the world.

They were not a part of the Industrial Revolution

Read 355-361 Did the Chinese evolve in this Empire? What did they

value?

JAPANLand of the Rising Sun

Mt. Fuji

What you will demonstrate by the end of the chapter An understanding of the effects of isolation

on Japanese culture and society An understanding of the roles of various

emperors and shoguns in the process of change in Japanese history

Evaluate the role and importance of legends, myths, and traditions in the history and culture of Japan

An understanding of the factors that influenced the development of leadership and government at different points in the history of Japan

From Jimmu to Akihito Jimmu – 660 BCE Akihito – (present day) 125th of the same

lineage

Considered the oldest ruling line in human history

They call their country Nihon “the Land of the Rising Sun”

Geography of Japan

Geography/Demography of Japan Very mountainous and volcanic Several rivers leading to the Sea (makes

for arable land) Consists of 400 islands – 4 major ones 130 M people – longest lifespan in the

world Japan syndrome??

Healthy diets of vegetables and fish

Origin of Japan Write down the timeline from page 368

(6 periods)

Jomon 10 000 BCE to 710 CE Wasn’t much evidence of early Japanese

culture. Chinese scholars suggest they walked barefoot and bowed frequently to each other.

Ruled by Pimko, a woman, with males as servants in a fortified palace with 1000 other women.

Religion Shinto – indigenous spirituality of Japan.

Set of practices carefully carried out. Philisophical path between ‘spirit’ and other ‘deities’ which could be human-like, animistic, or natural forces of the world.

Bhuddism – insight to true nature of reality. Meditation

Chinese Influence Prince Shotoku (574-622)

Changed the landscape and identity of Japan

Worked for Empress Suiko.

Centralized their government, created a civil service, and established Confucianism and Buddhism roles in state and society.

Hall of the Great Buddha at Nara

Oldest surviving wooden building Shotoku died in 622 but left a legacy

behind. Essentially copied Chinese customs,

however, Chinese and Korean immigrants brought smallpox and measles and destroyed the population.

The government felt Buddhism was becoming more popular and a threat so they moved the capital to Heian-Kyo which means ‘city of Peace’. Known to as Kyoto and was capital until 1868

The Heian Period (794-1185) and the Cult of Beauty

Read 374 to 377.

What did the Japanese value?

What did men and women look like?

THE AGE OF THE SAMURAIAND THE HISTORY OF JAPANBushi (boo-shee)

Age of the Samurai We watched the Last Samurai. What

were their customs as portrayed in the movie? Mannerisms? Weaponry?

Minamoto Yoritomo was the first Shogun which means ‘general’ and ruled until 1333. Strong administration Equal rights between men and women

Question of Power Kamakura Buddhism – prohibited taking

a life

Zen Buddhism – taking a life was done by the sword not by the person and was justified.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iMQYh5WRo9k

Challenge from the Mongols

Khubilai Khan Mongols conquered China and Korea by the

early 13th Century. Khubilai Khan was now the Emperor of China

and decided to attack Japan via ships containing 15 000 men over Sea of Japan.

His second wave consisted of 140 000 men, the biggest naval fleet until the 20th Century.

Typhoon destroyed the Mongols and the Samurai considered this typhoon the kamikaze (Divine Wind) for protecting their lands

Ashikaga Shogunate The old Shogunate of beauty would

blend with this new shogunate of brutality and constant war.

3 centuries or 300 years of blood-shed.

Depended on raw force to govern the country.

Country was in constant struggle outside the capital.

Ashikaga shogunate divided the people into four groups:

1. Warrior2. Merchant3. Artisan4. Farmer

Warrior Ethics and Militarized Society

Warrior Society Creed of the samurai, the Bushido Code,

was composed of several elements: 1. “death weighs no heavier than a

feather”…Meaning that the mark of a true warrior was that he would never retreat or surrender, no matter how great the odds.

2. Absolute loyalty to one’s superior. 3. Important of ‘face’. Didn’t want to

bring dishonor or shame to one’s family.

Warrior Society Continued The Samurai, trained in the art of

invisibility, or otherwise known as a ninja (ninjutsu).

From a young age they would stand for hours in a freezing waterfall, run kilometers barefoot in the snow, go days without food, just to name a few.

They were taught to appreciate art, dance, singing, and to teach their family the same values.

They wore silk clothing and carried multiple swords.

Warrior and Samurai

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HWf6KvoGgAI

The Last Samurai.