chapter 1 the scope of biology applied biology mrs. musselman
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1 The Scope of Biology
Applied Biology
Mrs. Musselman
How do you know that a sunflower is a living thing??? Make a list!
Hint:– What makes you living?
• Need Energy? How does a plant get it???• There are many more!!!
What makes something “Living”?What makes something “Living”?
What makes something “Living”?What makes something “Living”?
There are 6 characteristics of a living things! (“All or None” system)
All living things are:
1. Made of cells– “building blocks of life”
2. Use energy– Plants use the sun energy (sunlight) to make their
own food (producers)– Animals get energy by eating plants or other animals
(consumers)
Characteristic of Living Things (cont.)Characteristic of Living Things (cont.)3. Have features to help them adapt to their surroundings
– Camouflage, blend in with surroundings, ability to store water
4. React to changes in their surroundings– Living things react to stimuli (light, sounds, etc.)
5. Change / develop during their lifetimes– Changes in appearance or size (growth)
6. Reproduce– Produce more organisms of their own kind
Biology: Global to Microscopic Scale
Organizational Levels of Life:
Biosphere/Earth (biggest!)
Ecosystem
Organism
Cells
DNA & Genes
• AKA Earth
• Includes all parts of the planet – Bodies of water– Land – Atmosphere (several kilometers high)
Biosphere
Area that includes all the living things and non-living features in an environment
•Example–Woodland Ecosystem (includes trees,
plants, squirrels, sunlight, water, air)
•Variety all over the earth!!
Ecosystem
Individual living things– Large – elephant, squirrel, ant– Microscopic – can’t be seen with human eye.
Ex. Bacteria
FYI: Interactions between all organisms of a community make ecosystems a dynamic (constantly changing) place.
Organism
Warm-UpHow could you prove to someone
that a frog is alive? Hint: There are 6 Things!!!!!
• Life’s smallest unit of structure• Microscopic• Control center = nucleus
Cell Theory
1. Life’s basic units of structure and function
2. Cells come from pre-existing cells
3. All organisms are made of one or more cells
Cells
Contain inheritable information
•Responsible for passing off traits to offspring (ex. Eye color)
•Found in the nucleus of the cell
•Genes are the building blocks of DNA
DNA & Genes
Biology Explores Life’s Diversity
Species Diversity
Classification
3 Domains of Life– Eukarya– Archaea– Bacteria
SPECIES - A Distinct form of life that can reproduce with each other
FYI: New species found daily ( ~1.5 million total)
Species diversity – variety of species in a given area
Example: The Tropical Rain Forest has MANY different species (thousands insects, plants, animals)…thus it has high species diversity
Take a guess!
How many MARINE (ocean) species of fish are there on the Earth?
And the Answer is…
According to: ScienceDaily (Oct. 24, 2003) there was about 20,000 species of marine fish.
Just for Fun: Check out all these newly found species of starfish!
Totally Cool Starfish!
CLASSIFICATION
A system of putting organisms in categories based on similar characteristics.
• Duck
• Crab
• Shark
• Whale
• Butterfly
• Lion
• Alligator
• Spider
• Grizzly bear
• Squirrel
WALK
FLY
SWIM
1. How could I classify these animals?
3 DOMAINS OF LIFE
Domain – broadest category in classifying life forms
1.Eukarya
2.Bacteria
3.Archaea
The Breakdown!!
LIFE
EUKARYA BACTERIA ARCHAEA
PLANTS ANIMALS PROTISTS FUNGI
3 Domains
Warm-Up
1. Put the levels of biological organization in order from largest to smallest:
Cells
DNA & Genes
Biosphere
Organism
Ecosystem
2. What are the 3 Domains (groups) that ALL living things can be classified into?
The Breakdown!!
LIFE
EUKARYA BACTERIA ARCHAEA
PLANTS ANIMALS PROTISTS FUNGI
3 Domains
Eukaryotic Vs Prokaryotic Organisms
Eukaryotic Organisms• Complex organisms• In Domain Eukarya• Multicellular (many-celled)• Cells contain a Nucleus!
Prokaryotic Organisms • Simple organisms• In Domains Bacteria & Archaea• Unicellular (1-celled)• NO Nucleus in cell!
Domain Eukarya– Multicellular & complex– Eukaryotic organisms– Plants, Animals, Protists, & Fungi
Domain Bacteria– Single cell, simple, prokaryotic organisms– Example: Streptococcus (bacteria that causes strep)
Archaea– “Extreme” bacteria– Live in (hot, salty, CRAZY) places