Renz Arnie S. Rogayan

ADVENT OF A NATIONAL

HERO

CHAPTER 1

OBJECTIVES0 Learn and understand the beginning of the life of Jose

Rizal and his family background.

0 Present Jose Rizal’s ancestors, parents, and siblings.

0 Discuss the kind of life that the Rizals had.

0 Physician0 Poet0 Dramatist0 Essayist0 Novelist0 Historian0 Architect0 Painter0 Sculptor0 Educator0 Linguist0 Musician0 Naturalist0 Ethnologist0 Surveyor0 Engineer0 Farmer businessman

0 Economist0 Geographer0 Cartographer0 Bibliophile0 Philologist0 Grammarian0 Folklorist0 Philosopher0 Translator0 Inventor0 Magician0 Humorist0 Satirist0 Polemicist0 Sportsman0 Traveler0 Prophet

Dr. Jose RizalHero and Political Martyr

The Birth of a Hero

“I was born in Calamba on 19 June, 1861, between eleven and midnight, a few days before full moon. It was a Wednesday and my coming out in this vale of tears would have cost my mother her life had she not vowed to the virgin of Antipolo to take me to her sanctuary by way of pilgrimage.” - Dr. Jose Rizal

0June 22, 1861 – At the age of three days old, he was baptized in the Catholic church of his town.

0Father Rufino Collantes – parish priest who baptized Rizal, a Batangueño.

0Father Pedro Casanas – godfather (ninong) of Rizal, native of Calamba and close friend of his family.

0“Jose” – chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph).

During the christening ceremony…

“Take good care of this child, for someday he will become a great man.”

– Father Collantes

0Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery - the governor general of

the Philippines when Rizal was born (from February 2, 1861

to July 7, 1862), former senator of Spain (member of the

upper chamber of the Spanish Cortes).

0His achievements as governor general were:

0 Fostering the cultivation of cotton in the province.

0 Establishing the politico-military governments in the Visayas

and Mindanao.

THE HERO’S FATHER.0Don Francisco Mercado Rizal – born in

Biñan, Laguna, on May 11, 1818.0College of San Jose in Manila - studied

Latin and Philosophy0He moved to Calamba and became a

tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda.

0January 5, 1898 – he died in Manila at the age of 80.

0“A model of fathers.”

Rizal’s Parents

THE HERO’S MOTHER0Doña Teodora Alonso Realonda – born

in Manila on November 8, 1826.0She studied at the College of Santa

Rosa.0Died in Manila on August 19, 1911 at

the age of 85.

0Don Francisco and Doña Teodora had 11 children – two boys and 9 girls.

The Rizal Children

• SATURNINA – oldest of the Rizal children.

• Neneng - nickname

• She married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan,

Batangas.

• PACIANO – older brother and confidant of Jose Rizal.

• Joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat general.

• Died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79.• Had two children by his mistress (Severina

Decena)

• NARCISA - her pet name was Sisa and married Antonio Lopez, a school teacher of Morong.

• OLIMPIA – Ypia was her pet name; she married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila.

• LUCIA – married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba.

• MARIA – Biang was her nickname; she married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.

• JOSE – the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius

• Pepe – his nickname

• During his exile in Dapitan he lived with Josephine

Bracken, Irish girl from Hong Kong; had a son by her,

but this baby boy died a few hours after birth; Jose

named him “Fransico” after his father and buried him

in Dapitan.

• CONCEPCION - her pet name was Concha; died of sickness at the age of three; her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life.

• JOSEFA- her pet name was Panggoy; died an old maid in 1951 aged 83.

• TRINIDAD – her pet name was Trining; died in 1951.

• SOLEDAD – youngest of the Rizal children; her pet name was Choleng; married Panteleon Quintero of Calamba.

0 Rizal’s relation to his only brother Paciano was more than

that of younger to older brother.0 Paciano was a second father to him.

0 Jose immortalized him in his first novel Noli Me Tangere as

the wise Pilosopo Tasyo.

0 He regarded Paciano as the “most noble of Filipinos” and

“though an Indio, more generous and noble than all

Spaniards put together”

0 “He is much finer and more serious than I am; he is bigger and

more slim; he is not so dark; his nose is fine, beautiful and

sharp; but he is bow-legged.”

0 Rizal was a product of mixture of races.0 In his veins flowed the blood of both east and West – Negrito,

Indonesian, Malay, Chinese, Japanese, and Spanish. Predominantly, he was a Malayan and magnificent specimen of Asian manhood.

0 Domingo Lameo- Rizal’s great-great-grandfather on his father’s side. A Chinese immigrant from the Fukien City of Changchow, who arrived in Manila about 1690.

0 Domingo Lameo became a Christian, married a Chinese Christian girl of Manila named Ines de la Rosa.

0 Assumed the surname Mercado in 1731, which was appropriate because he was a merchant. The Spanish term “mercado” means “market”.

Rizal’s Ancestry

0 Domingo Mercado and Ines de la Rosa had a son, Francisco Mercado, who resided in Biñan, married a Chinese-Filipino mestiza, Cirila Bernacha, and was elected gobernadorcillo (municipal mayor) of the town.

0 One of their sons, Juan Mercado (Rizal’s grandfather), married Cirila Alejandro, a Chinese-Filipino mestiza.

0 Capitan Juan and Capitana Cirila had 13 children, the youngest being Francisco Mercado, Rizal’s father.

0 Francisco Mercado studied in Manila and met and eventually fell in love with Teodora Alonso Realonda. They were married on June 28, 1848, and settle down in Calamba, where they engaged in farming and business and reared a big family.

0 It is said that Doña Teodora’s family descend from Lakan Dula, the last native king of Tondo.

0 Doña Teodora’s great-grandfather was Eugenio Ursua (of Japanese ancestry), who married a Filipina named Benigna. Their daughter, Regina, married Manuel de Quintos. One of the daughter of de Quintos and Regina was Brigida, who married Lorenzo Alberto Alonso. Their children were Narcisa, Teodora, Gregorio, Manuel and Jose.

THE SURNAME OF RIZAL0 Mercado – the real surname of the Rizal.

0 Rizal’s family acquired a second surname – Rizal – which was

given by a Spanish alcalde mayor of Laguna, who was a family

friend.

0 The house of the Rizal family was one of the distinguished stone houses in Calamba during Spanish times. It was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of adobe stones and hard woods, and roofed with red tiles.

The Rizal Home

0 Pricipalia – a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines, where Rizals’ family belong to.

0 It is one of the distinguished families in Calamba.0 Rizal’s parents were able to live well by the dint of honest

and hard work and frugal living. From the farms, which were rented from the Dominican Order, they harvested rice, corn, and sugarcane. They raised pigs, chickens, and turkeys in their backyard.

0 Doña Teodora managed a general goods store and operated a small flour-mill and a home-made ham press.

0 They owned a carriage, which was a status symbol of the ilustrados in Spanish Philippines and a private library (the largest in Calamba) which consisted of more than 1,000 volumes.

The Good and Middle-Class Family

0 Rizal family had a simple, contented, and happy life.0 Don Francisco and Doña Teodora loved their children, but they

never spoiled them.0 They were strict parents and trained their children to love God,

to behave well, to be obedient, and to respect people, especially the old folks.

0 They give their children a sound spanking whenever they (children) got into mischief.

0 They believed in the maxim: “Spare the rod and spoil the child.”0 Everyday, the Rizal heard mass in the town church.0 They prayed daily at home – the Angelus and the Rosary.0 After family prayers, all the children kissed the hands of their

parents.

Home Life of the Rizals