CHAPTER 1 Reconstruction

WARM-UPHow will you go about reconstructing the South?What problems / concerns need to be addressed?

POSTWAR PROBLEMS• The North returned to work right

where they left off• The South faced a far different

situation…life would forever change Mass devastation - Land, buildings,

cities, homes, railroads were destroyed from war – war victims

Shattered southern economy Freedmen- former slaves who were

now set free as a result of the war – jobless and homeless and uneducated

What to do with formers Confederate soldiers?

Beliefs of southerners / resentfulness

PRESIDENT LINCOLN AND RECONSTRUCTION

Lincoln had been preparing for this Re-Union of the United States. His plan was known as ReconstructionReconstruction- rebuilding the former Confederate States and reuniting the nation.

“With malice towards none, with charity for all”

PLANS FOR RECONSTRUCTION

Plan Lincoln’s Plan

Congress’ Plan

Johnson’s Plan

Radical Republicans

Name of Plan:

Key Points:

Johnson’s Plan

-Majority white men had to swear loyalty to Union-Confederates can vote and hold office-abolish slavery

Wade-Davis Bill

-Majority white men had to swear loyalty to Union-Abolish slavery-Confederates could not vote or hold office

Ten Percent Plan

-10% of voters had to swear loyalty to Union- Confederates can vote and hold office-Offered amnesty to all southerners except high ranking Confederate Officials. -Abolished slavery

- Must disband state governments- Must write new constitutions- Must ratify the 14th Amendment- African American men must be able to vote.

STOP~THINK~DISCUSS Write a paragraph describing which plan YOU agree with. Support your opinion with two facts about the plan.

What is missing from the plans.

FREEDMEN’S BUREAU Agreed upon by Congress and Lincoln Helped former slaves find jobs, provided them food

and clothing, helped set up schools Helped poor whites find work as well Helped those displaced by the war

LINCOLN IS ASSASSINATED

Who

What

When

Where

Why

How

Abe LincolnMary Todd Lincoln

Henry RathboneClara Harris

John Wilkes BoothLewis Powell / PayneJohn SurratMarry SurratDavid HeroldAtzerdot

Dr. Samuel MuddRichard Garrett

3 part plan to kill Lincoln, Johnson and Seaward

Surrat’s Boarding HouseFord’s TheaterMudd’s houseGarrett’s Farm

April 14 - 26 1865 Booth was a southern sympathizer who blamed Lincoln for the south loosing and for African Americans gaining freedom

Lincoln is shot in the head by Booth

Seward is stabbed by Powell

Atzerdot can not go through with killing Lincoln and goes to a bar instead

Both then escapes South

Johnson becomes President

RECONSTRUCTION AMENDMENTS

13th Amendment – banned slavery throughout the nation

14th Amendment – defined citizenship – all persons born or naturalized in the United States were citizens and entitled to equal protection of the laws

15th Amendment – declared the right to vote – “shall not be denied . . . On account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude to black men.

THE SOUTH DURING RECONSTRUCTION

Carpetbagger• Northerner who came to the

South after the Civil War• Some reformers or soldiers

who wanted to help• Others who wanted to get

rich on southern misery

Scalawag• White southern Republican.• Usually a businessman• Against secession, for

reconstruction• Viewed as a traitor by

SouthernersAfrican Americans• Freedmen / sharecropper• Voted, some held office• Some rented farmland –

“nothing but freedom”• Others left to go westConservatives

• White Southern Democrat• Had power and wealth

before the war and resented changes

• Thought the south should change as little as possible

• Ok for African Americans to vote and hold office but real power should be for whites

Secret Societies / KKK • Did not want African

Americans or white republicans in office

• Hid identities• Threats, violence, murder

RADICAL REPUBLICANS Republicans felt that Johnson’s Reconstruction plan encouraged discrimination against blacks.

In the South angry whites were causing riots and damaging freedmen’s homes and churches.

Radical Republicans- Republicans who wanted to ensure that freedmen received equal rights.Two Main Goals of Radical Republicans

1. break the power of wealthy planters who long ruled the South2. ensure that freedmen received the right to vote.

THE RECONSTRUCTION ACTReconstruction Act- threw out state governments that refused to ratify the 14th Amendment.The South was divided up into 5 military districts. Southerners bitterly opposed the Reconstruction Act.

With the new constitutions in place former Confederate Officials were barred from voting.

Freedmen exercised their right to vote in the election of 1866 and the Republicans gained control of the southern state governments.

IMPEACHMENT• Johnson was unpopular

• Northerners – Southerner and too friendly to the South

• Southerners – Traitor to the South

• The House of Representatives voted to impeach President Johnson.• Tenure of Office Act (1867)

• Fired Secretary of State Seward

Impeach- to bring formal charges against

• Acquitted by one vote• Johnson quietly finishes out

remainder of his term and is compliant with the Republicans

GRANT IS ELECTED Johnson served the last few months of his term.

In 1868 Republicans elected Ulysses S. Grant for president.

Grant wins the presidency in a landslide! About 500,000 blacks voted and nearly

all of them voted for Grant.

COMPROMISE OF 1877 Marked the end of Reconstruction Samuel Tilden (Dem) vs. Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep).

Tilden won the popular vote, votes of 4 states are disputed – all go to Hayes

Hayes (Republican) becomes president Was a deal made?

Removes federal troops from the south – ending Reconstruction

Federal money is used to rebuild southern railroads

THE NEW SOUTH The South was less dependent on the North as it was before the Civil War.

Restricted Rights• African Americans lose many of the

rights they had gained

Industry• Cotton production was back to the way it was in 1860.• More textile factories were built.• The tobacco industry was soaring. • Mineral resources like iron ore, coal, steel, and oil were now

being mined and used.• Industry was now booming in the South!

EXIT OUTCREATE A T-CHARTWHAT WAS “NEW” ABOUT THE SOUTH?WHAT WAS THE SAME ABOUT THE SOUTH?