chapter 1 nursing research

7/25/2019 Chapter 1 nursing research

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RESEARCH IN NURSING

By: ELVIE A. IMASON-RAMOS, MAN, RN


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Chap. 1: RESEARCH IN NURSING

Explore the definitions of nursing

research.

Differentiate research in nursing

and nursing research.

Identify goals or nursing

research.

Provide reasons for conducting

research.

Learning Outcomes:


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Discuss the general and specific

purposes of nursing research.

Critically evaluate the scientific

approach to nursing research.

Determine the characteristics of

nursing research.

Learning Outcomes:


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Classify researches in nursing.

Identify the research roles of

nurses.Analyze the qualities of a good

nurse researcher.

Assess the alternative routes toproblem solving.

Learning Outcomes:


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Research is the process of

going up alleys to see if

they are blind.

- Marston Bates


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Increasingly engaged in disciplined

studies that benefit the profession and

its client to the improvement of theentire health care system.

Obliged to provide updated ways of

addressing client concerns whether

found in hospital, community center or

any health care settings.

Significance of Research for Nurses:


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Expected to base their professional

practices on emerging evidence

from research.The 1stquestion that requires an

immediate answer before

conducting a research is What isnursing research?

Significance of Research for Nurses:


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Re-searchsimply means to search

again.

Researchis a methodicexamination that uses regimented

techniques to resolve questions

or decipher dilemmas.(Broswell & Cannon, 2007)

Research:


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Is associated with theory development in the

patient outcomes attitudes of nurses

effectiveness of administrative policy and

teaching strategies in nursing education

which contributes to the development and

refinement of theory.

(Schmidt & Brown, 2009)

Nursing Research:


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Is a systematic inquiry designed to develop

trustworthy evidence about issues of

importance to the nursing profession

including nursing practice education

administration and informatics.

(Polit & Beck, 2008)

Nursing Research:


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As the systematic objective process of

analyzing phenomena of importance to

nursing.

(Nieswiadomy, 2008)

Nursing Research:


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Is a scientific process that validates and

refines existing knowledge and generates

new knowledge that directly and indirectly

influences clinical nursing practice.

(Burns & Groove, 2007)

Nursing Research:


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As a formal rigorous and intensive process

used for solutions to nursing problems or to

discover and interpret new facts and trends

in clinical practice nursing education or

nursing administration.

(Waltz & Bausell, 2001)

Nursing Research:


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As rigorous guidelines to produce unbiased

trustworthy answers to questions about

nursing practice.

(Houser, 2008)

Nursing Research:


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Nursing Research is a systematic collection

and analysis of data to illuminate and

decribe or explain new facts and

relationships.

(Treece & Treece, 2008)

Nursing Research:


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Isatesting of knowledge that can be used to

guide nursing practice

(National Center for Nursing Research)

Nursing Research:


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Is an honest scientific investigation undertaken for the

purpose of discovering new facts which will

contribute to the present body of knowledge and can

lead to effective to an effective solution of existing

problems. It involves careful or critical thinking to

revise or revalidate accepted conclusions and

previously held concepts or to establish

generalizations or principles.

(PNA, 1963)

Nursing Research:


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ParadigmNursing Research:


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RLE Skills Activity:

Go over the definition of nursing

research and list or highlightthe words that uniquely

describe nursing research for

you. Explain why?

Nursing Research:


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Clinical Nursing Research is to

research designed to generate

knowledge to guide nursingpractice and to improve the health

and quality of life of nurses

clients.(Polit & Beck, 2008)

Rationale for Conducting Clinical Nursing Research:


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Clinical Nursing Research is a

research that is undertaken to

produce knowledge that will affectthe conduct of nursing practice.

(Nieswiadomy, 2008)



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Nursing problems and issues are

integral to the work situation.

Personal satisfaction is derivedfrom finding better ways of

providing nursing care.

No one has greater access to theclient than the nurse.



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It could be therapeutic and

enjoyable for the client to

participate in clinical research.Is a practical way for a nurse to

help improve the health care of

the sick and well individuals.



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Nurses tend to feel that they are

busy caring for patients.

Unless the nurse has hadacademic training in theoretical

conceptualizations, research may

not seem important.

Reasons for Lack of Clinical Nursing Research:


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Unless the importance of

research is felt and recognized,

nurses may not be able to identifyresearchable problems.

Many nurses do not have the

academic training needed to feelconfident in doing clinical

research.



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The ethical requirements of

research are difficult to comply

with and tend to scare would-be

researchers.

Unless administrators are

research oriented, the nursing

staff feels the futility of support for

nursing research.



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Research takes time and time

costs money. Without sufficient

funding, research may not beconducted due to lack of

resources.



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It refer to research done in the

course of nursing practice.

It is distinguished by the subjectmatter of the research.

Nursing Research vs. Research in Nursing:


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Nursing Research refers to

research done on addressing the

health concerns of clients and

application of the research on

their care.

Research in Nursing refers to

studies on the particular concernsof nurses themselves.



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Is a useful general guide to a

researcher in the choice of topic to

study.

RN requires a broader study of the

nursing profession, its concept,

theories, principles and policies or

guidelines inherent in the practice ofnursing.



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RN it also dwells on historical,

ethical, legal and moral standards as

well as the duties and responsibilities

of a nurse practitioner and the

implications of these to individual

clients and to society.

NR is still need to continuously delveinto the issues.



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Many researcher believe that its is

easier to do RN.

They find out that what is moreimportant in the choice of the study is

interestin the choice of research

problem.

RN & NR are worthy of ones timeand effort.



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An exploratory study of

mothering for teens with Attention

Deficit Disorder.Development of a nursometric

(nursing measurement)

instruments for use in quantifyingdiet change patterns among

Examples of Nursing Research:


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Disengagement behaviors of

adult children toward their elderly

parents.

Examples of Nursing Research:


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Job satisfaction and

acculturation of Filipino Nurses in

Australia.Performance of nursing

graduates from Manila and other

Regions in the LicensureExamination in 2009-2011.

Examples of Research in Nursing:


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Leadership and management

styles of nurse leaders in

selected Metro Manila Hospitals.

Examples of Research in Nursing:


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Provide Efficient and Effective

Nursing Care.

Promote the Worth and Value of the

Nursing Profession to Society.Identification, Implementation and

Evaluate Effective Health Care

Modalities.

Utilize CNR as EB data to provide

Quality Care to Clients.

Goals of Nursing Research:


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Gathers data or information on

nursing situations or conditions

about which little knowledge isavailable.

Provides scientific knowledge

base from which nursing theoriesemerge and develop.

Reasons for Conducting Research in Nursing:


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Helps correct, clarify, validate

and expand perceptions.

Provides theoretical andscientific basis for nursing

practice.

Defines parameters of nursingand identifies its boundaries.



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Documents the social relevance

and efficiency of nursing practice

to people and health careproviders.

Describes the characteristics of

the nursing situation about whichlittle is known.



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Predicts probable outcomes of

nursing decisions in relation to

client care.Provides knowledge for

purposes of problem solving and

decision making.



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Develops and evaluates nursing

theories and concepts and

practices these for clarity andvalidity of nursing actions.

Prevents undesirable client

reactions.



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Develops considerable degree of

confidence. Professional

undertakings are intended toachieve desired client behaviors.



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It answers questions to solve

problems.

It provides tools for observationto generate knowledge as basis

for predicting and controlling

phenomenon.

Purposes of Nursing Research:


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A nurse can apply this knowledge

in practice and prescribe

accurately and professionallywithout untoward client response

or reactions to nursing

interventions. (Polit & Beck,

2008)



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Best practices are those that

produce the most desirable

patient outcomes throughscientific data. (Boswell &

Cannon, 2007)



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Identification

Description

Exploration

Explanation

Prediction & Control

Tasks of Research:


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It assesses situations that need

clarification or identification.

There is awareness that aproblem or issues exists.

This requires from the nurse a

quick identification of the cause ofthe problem.

Tasks of Research: Identification


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It aims to describe phenomenon that

relates to nursing profession.

It also observes, defines addocuments nursing situations inquiry.

It determine the relationship

between and among variableinvestigated.

Tasks of Research: Description


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It explores phenomenon by

observing and recording events and

situations occurring in that

phenomenon.

It answers what questions on the

phenomenon.

To understand the phenomenon

precisely and accurately.

Tasks of Research: Exploration


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It seeks clarification of a prevailing

situation to answer questions that ask

why a phenomenon occurred.

It calls upon existing theories for

clarifying, explaining and integrating

ideas.

To determine the reasons for existenceof a particular phenomenon.

Tasks of Research: Explanation


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It anticipates possible psychological

and physiological reactions to

nursing interventions.

It provides a basis for decisions by

eliminating barriers and sourcing

ways and strategies that would bring

about effective client care outcomes.

Tasks of Research: Prediction Control


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Prediction ( Research Projects

situations or events that could arise

from research investigation)

Control (Research puts up a

barrier to hinder or minimize the

effects of anticipated outcomes or

reactions.

Tasks of Research: Prediction Control


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To seeks to harness the

intellectual capabilities of the

individual to discover, interpret, and

develop methods to advance

knowledge in various fields.

It uses scientific methods to seek

the truth of a matter.

Scientific Approach to Nursing Research


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It provides scientific information

and theories to explain the problem.

Its ultimate goal is the practicalapplication of the research findings.

It make use of empirical data

gathered through five senses.



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It uses the scientific methods to

obtain knowledge that can be

generalized across similar clients

suffering the same disease albeit in

different situation.



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1. Orderly and Systematic

2. Control

3. Empirical4. Generalization

5. Intensive

Characteristics of Research


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identify the problem

determine the purpose of the study

review of related literaturetheoretical/conceptual framework

study assumptions

acknowledge the limitation of thestudy

Characteristics of Research: Orderly Systematic


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formulate the null hypothesis

define study variables

choice of research designidentify the target population

choose the study samples

conduct the field test

Characteristics of Research: Orderly Systematic


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To ensure precision and validity of

results.

To justify and validate conclusionsdrawn from the investigation.

In experimental research, controlled

subjects or controlled procedures

permit comparison with results.

Characteristics of Research: Control


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It uses results of experiences and

observations rooted in objective

reality as a sources of knowledge.

It must be objective, precise,

verifiable and replicable.

To replicate and to assess the

validity and reliability.

Characteristics of Research: Empirical


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The findings of the study are

deemed to have an applicability to

the entire population.

It is based on the results obtained

on the sample cases and instances

having common traits and

characteristics as the universe.

Characteristics of Research: Generalization


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Is used to ensure that all the

possible loopholes in the study are

covered.

It is usually done by carefully

selecting the population and sample,

formulating the method by which data

would be gathered and analyzed,including appropriate statistical tool.

Characteristics of Research: Intensive


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If men liked shopping theyd call it research.

- Cynthia Nelms


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According to APPROACH

According to MEASUREMENT AND

DATA ANALYSIS

According to TIME FRAME

According to MOTIVE OR

OBJECTIVE

According to RESEARCH

ENVIRONMENT

Classification of Nursing Research


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Experimentalcause & effect

relationship

Non-experimentaldescribe &analyze

Quasi-experimentalpartial

experiment

Combinedmixed methods,

triangulation

Classification of Nursing Research: Approach


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Quantitativefrequency,

magnitude of events

Qualitativeperceptions, insightsCombinedmixed methods

Classification of Nursing Research: MDA


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Longitudinal/prospectivefuture

data

Cross-sectionalpresent dataRetrospectivepast data

Classification of Nursing Research: Time Frame


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Basic researchknowledge

generation

Applied researchimproveprofessional practice

Historicalmeaning of past events

Classification of Nursing Research: Motive


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Field researchcommunity

research

Laboratory researchdemonstration research

Clinical researchrelated learning

experiences

Classification of Nursing Research: RE


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As Principal Investigators

As a Member of a Research Team

As Evaluator of Research Findings

As Consumers of Research

Findings

As Client Advocates in a Research

Study

As Subjects of Research

Role of Nurses in Research


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Honest and credible

Accurate in data collection

Organized and systematicLogical

Exhibits self-aware

Imaginative and curious

Qualities of Good Nurse Researchers


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Persistent with barriers

Establishes good relationships with

Respondents and otherresearchers

Updated and informed of present

issues and events

Qualities of Good Nurse Researchers


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Ignore or redefine the problem

Faith, habit or traditional practice

AuthorityHuman experience

Trial and error

Logical reasoning

Alternative Routes to Problem Solving


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Common sense

Problem and the nursing process

Research and problem solving

Alternative Routes to Problem Solving


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PROBLEM SOLVING NURSING PROCESS

a. Identify the problem a. Client assessment

b. Gather information b. Nursing diagnosis

c. Generate alternative

solutions

c. Plan of action

d. Consider the outcomes d. Goal and objective

setting

e. Choices of solution e. Alternative nursing

actions

f. Implement solution f. Implementation

g. Evaluate results g. Evaluation

RESEARCH PROBLEM SOLVING


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Identify the problem Identify the problem

Review of Related Literature Gather pertinent information

Theoretical framework Suggest solutionsQuestions to be answered or

hypothesis to be tested

Consider outcome

Research design and

methodology

Choice of solution

Data gathering Implements solution

Analysis and interpretation of

data

Evaluate results of

implementation

Summary, conclusions and

recommendation

Modify, revise, change


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There are many similarities

between the two. Both follow the

same process except that research

has a broader application than that

of simple problem solving that is

limited to the specific issue in

question.


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If we knew what we

were doing it wouldnt

be research.

Albert Einstein


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Thank you!