chapter 1 lon (aims and measures, 1920s)
TRANSCRIPT
Topic Inquiry Question: “What was the main reason for the weakness of the LON?”
What are the key word here?
3Crisis and Conflict: Establishing Peace Copyright 2006
What does this cartoon tell you about the LON?
President Wilson
Dove
Olive Branch
Background
LON established during Paris Peace Conference to promote international cooperation – borne out of President Wilson’s Fourteen Points
Aims
Need to maintain peace through ‘collective security’ Definition: countries would not attack
each other and would also defend one another in the event of any attack
Main Aims
Collective Security If one state attacks another, the member
states of the League would act together collectively to stop the aggressor
In contrast to individual security
Main Aims
Disarmament Rationale
▪ Tensions caused by the arms race was partly to blame for the outbreak of World War One
▪ Disarmament = prevent arms race = prevent war!
TOV imposed armament restrictions on Germany and its allies
Allied Powers were required to disarm
Structure of LON Council
4 Permanent members - Britain, France, Italy, Japan
4 non-permanent members (3-year terms)
Lloyd George
Millerand
Nitti
Matsui
Structure of LON
Agencies/Commissions Dealt with special issues with the aim of
preventing war and improving lives▪ E.g. Disarmament Commission
Measures of Peace-Keeping
Moral Persuasion Members of the LON would publicly
condemn the wrongdoings of a nation Aimed to pressure the offending nation
to stop its aggressive actions
Measures of Peace-Keeping
Arbitration LON to act as a ‘referee’ by calling for
problems to be discussed peacefully before the Assembly
LON could also issue warnings if offending nation didn’t comply with Assembly’s decision
Measures of Peace-Keeping
Disarmament LON to organise disarmament
conference to push for disarmament for each nation
Measures of Peace-Keeping
Economic Sanctions Prevent the exchange of food, goods or
supplies between League members and the offending nation
Measures of Peace-Keeping
Military Sanctions LON could impose arms embargo – cut
off military supplies to offending nation LON could carry out military intervention
Jigsaw Activity
Refer to page 21 in the Textbook Look at the various crises in the 1920s
and decide whether they were managed successfully by the LON