chapter 1 introduction to chemistry the whole of science is nothing more than a refinement of...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1Introduction to
ChemistryThe whole of science is nothing
more than a refinement of everyday thinking.
Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table – 1871
— = 44
— = 72— = 68— = 100
The Periodic Table
Alkali Metals
Alkaline Earths
Transition Metals
Halogens
Noble Gases
Lanthanides and Actinides
Main Group
Main Group
The Periodic Table
Physical Separations
Filtration Distillation
Chromatography
The Law of Constant Composition
The elemental composition of a substance is always the same (regardless of quantity, source, etc.)
Volume
K = °C + 273.15°C = 5/9 (°F-32)
°F = 9/5°C + 32
An important non-SI unit: the angstrom (Å)
1 Å = 10-10 meters
SI Prefixes
Dimensional Analysis (Unit Conversion)
Convert: 0.02404 g into mg
There is uncertainty in every measured quantity!
The number of sig figs reflects the uncertainty.
Significant Figures (Sig Figs)
Good precision
PoorAccuracy!
Poor precision and (probably) accuracy
Good accuracy and precision