IIT 201 Chapter 1

Siam UniversityInternational ProgramChapter 1:Information Systems in Global Business Today

The role of IS in Business Today The private investment in Information Technology consisting of hardware, software and communications equipment grew from 32% to 52% of all invested capital.

The role of IS in Business Today Most of you will work for firms that are intensively using information systems and making large investments in IT. You will certainly want to know how to invest this money wiselyIf you make a wise choices, your firm can outperform competitors.If you make a poor choices, you will be wasting valuable capitalHow IS are transforming Business

By June 2010, more than 99 million businesses worldwide had dot-com Internet sites registered (VeriSign, 2010)Today, 162 Americans shop online and 133 million have purchased online. Everyday 41 million Americans go online to research a product or serviceHow IS are transforming BusinessFedEx moved over 3.4 million packages daily in the United States, mostly overnight, and the United Parcel Service (UPS) moved over 15 million packages daily worldwideBusinesses sought to sense and respond to rapidly changing customer demand, reduce inventories to the lowest possible levels, and achieve higher levels of operational efficiency.

Supply chain have become most fast paced, with companies of all sizes depending on JIT inventory to reduce their overhead costs and get to the market fasterWhats new in MIS?

What makes Management Information Systems the most exciting topic in business is the continual change in technology, management use of the technology and the impact on business successWhats new in MIS?

The Emerging Digital FirmA digital firm is one in which nearly all of the organizations significant business relationships with customers, supplier and employees are digitally enabled and mediated.Core business processes are accomplished through digital networks spanning the entire organization or linking multiple organizations.

The Emerging Digital FirmBusiness processes refer to the set of logically related tasks and behaviors that organizations develop over time to produce specific business results and the unique manner in which these activities are organized and coordinated.Ex. Developing a new product, generating and fulfilling and order, creating a market plan, and hiring an employee. The way the org. accomplish their business processes can be a source of competitive strengthThe Emerging Digital FirmKey corporate assets intellectual property, core competencies, financial and human asset. In a digital firm, any piece of information required to support key business decision is available at any time and anywhere in the firmIn digital firms, both time shifting and space shifting are the norm

The Emerging Digital Firm

Time shifting refers to business being conducted continuously, 24/7, rather than in narrow work day (9 A.M. to 5 P.M.)Space shifting means that work takes place in a global workshop, as well as within national boundaries. Work is accomplished physically wherever in the world it is best accomplished.Strategic Business Objectives of IS

Nowadays, there is a growing interdependence between a firms ability to use IT and its ability to implement corporate strategies and achieve corporate goals Strategic Business Objectives of IS

What a business would like to do in five years often depends on what its system will be able to do.Increasing the market share, high quality and low cost producer and increase employee productivity depend on the quality of IS in the org.Strategic Business Objectives of ISWhy the business invest in Information System ?Competitive AdvantageSurvivalNew Product, service and Business modelCustomer and Supplier intimacyImproved decision MakingOperation ExcellenceMISOperation ExcellenceWalmart is the most efficient retail store in the industry achieving sales of more than $28/square foot because of its Retail link system, which digitally link its suppliers to every on of Wal-Marts 5289 stores worldwide. As soon as a customer purchases an item, the supplier monitoring the items knows to ship a replacement to the shelf. The power of information systems coupled with brilliant business practices and supportive management to achieve world class operational efficiency.

New Products, Services, and Business ModelsA business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth.

Ex. Apple transform and old business model of music distribution based on tapes and CD into an online . IS and technology are major enabling tool for the firm to create new product, service and business model.Customer and Supplier Intimacy

Mandarin Hotel use information system and technology to achieve the customer intimacy by store the guests preferences such as check in time, room temperature, television program. Next time when guest check in the system automatically change to the customer preference condition When a business really knows its customers and serves them well, the way they want to be served, the customers generally respond by returning and purchasing more.Improved Decision MakingInformation systems and technologies have made it possible for managers to use real-time data from the marketplace when making decisions

Verizon Corporation use the web-base digital dash board to provide manager with precise real time information on customer complaints, network performance for each locality served, line outage or storm-damaged linesCompetitive AdvantageCompetitive Advantage

Operational Excellence

New Product

Improve DecisionMaking

CustomerIntimacy

Dells operation efficiency result from mass customization, stay close to customer by web-base order, build and ship only a few daySurvivalCitibank was the first banking firm to introduce ATMs. In doing so, they had a major competitive advantage over their competitors.

In order to remain and survive in the retail banking industry, other banks had no choice but to provide ATM services to banking customers.

Perspectives on Information SystemBusiness ObjectiveSoftwareHardwareInformation technology (IT) consists of all the hardware and software that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives. What is Information System?Information System is a set of interrelated component data collect or retrieve, process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization

In addition to supporting decision making, coordination and control, information systems may also help managers and worker to analyze problems, visualize complex subjects and create new productWhat is Information System?

Data . Raw facts, figures, measurements, observations representing events occurring in an organisation have not been organised into the form that people can understand and useInformation is processed data that have been organised, interpreted, formatted into a form that is meaningful and useful to peopleWhat is Information System?

Dimensions of Information system

Using information systems effectively requires an understanding of the organization, management, and information technology shaping the systems. An information system creates value for the firm as an organizational and management solution to challenges posed by the environment.Organization

Makes long range strategic decisions and ensures financial performance of the firmCarries out the programs and plans of senior management Responsible for monitoring the daily activities of the businessPeople, Structure, Business processes, Politics, Culture

OrganizationKnowledge worker, such as engineers, scientists and architects design products and services and create new knowledge for the firmData worker, such as secretaries or clerks, assist with scheduling and communications at all levels of the firm.Production and service worker actually produce the product and deliver the serviceOrganization

Expert are employed and trained for different business functions. The major business functions, or specialized tasks performed by business organizations, consist of sales and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting and human resource.ManagementManagement

Create New Product and Service

Making Decision

Formulate PlanSolve Problem

SetStrategies

Allocate ResourcesCreate work driven by Knowledge and Information Information Technology

Computer software consist of the detailed, preprogrammed instructions that control and coordinate the computer hardware components in an information system Computer hardware is the physical equipment used for input, processing and output activities in an information systemData management Technology consist of the software governing the organization of data on physical storage mediaInformation Technology

Networking and telecommunications technology, consisting of both physical devices and software links the various pieces of hardware and transfer data from one physical location to anotherNetworkInternetintranetextranetWorld Wide WebA BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Information systems enable the firm to increase its revenue or decrease its costs by providing information that helps managers make better decisions or improves the execution of business processes.Complementary asset required to optimize return from Information Technology investment

Contemporary Approaches to IS

Technical Approaches emphasizes mathematically based model to study information system as well as the physical technology and formal capabilities of these systemBehavioral Approaches concerned with behavioral and long term maintenance of information systems. Issue such as strategic business integration, design, implementation, utilization and management