chapter 1 early exploration and settlement pg 2. section 1- the earliest americans- pg 6 1. when did...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 1
Early Exploration and Settlement
pg 2
Section 1- The Earliest Americans-pg 6
1. When did scientists believe people first arrived in North America? (1)
During the Ice Age
2. Describe the Ice Age
(3)
• Earth’s climate so cold that water froze into glaciers
• Ocean/water levels dropped to reveal a land bridge bx northeastern Asia & Alaska
• Land bridge was called the Bering Land Bridge
3. ? is
migration?(1)
A movement of people or animals from one region to another—takes place over a period of time
4. Tell about Paleo-Indians
(2)
• Early Asians who crossed Bering Land Bridge into North America
• They were hunter-gatherers who lived by hunting animals & gathering wild plants
5. ? are
environments?(1)
Climates & landscapes that surround living things
6. ? are societies?
(1)
Groups that share a culture
7. ? is culture?(1)
A group’s set of common values & traditions such as language, government, family relationships
8. Tell about Mesoamerica
(2)
• Today this area is Central America
• Occupied by Olmec & Maya civilizations
9. Tell about Olmec civilization/society
(2)
• Created number and calendar systems
• Developed a method of writing using glyphs, or symbols to represent ideas
10. Tell about Maya civilization
(3)
• Built stone temples, palaces, & bridges
• Created calendars
• Studied math & astronomy
11. ? are to totems?
(2)
• Ancestor or animal spirits on tall wooden poles
• Noted along early civilizations in the Northwest
12. Tell about Iroquois League
(2)
• Political confederation made up of Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, & Seneca nations
• Goal was to wage war or make peace with non-Iroquois & strengthen alliance against invasions
Study for quiz on
Section 1 for
tomorrow
Section 2- The Age of Exploration-pg 12
1. Tell about the
Commercial
Revolution
in Europe(3)
• It was a dramatic change in the way people did business
• Many cities grew rich by specializing in certain crafts
• Wealth became more important in European society for status & power
2. ? is capital?
(1)
Money or property that is used to earn more money as in banks and loans
3. Tell about joint-stock companies
(2)
• Businesses in which a group of people invest together
• Investors share in any losses or profits
4. Who did Europeans trade with during the Commercial Revolution?
(1)
Much of the wealth through trade was done with Asia & Africa
5. How was early trade done bx Europe & Asia? (2)
• Overland routes
were very dangerous, very long, & very harsh conditions
• Merchants took the risks due to the huge profits
6. Explain
progress of water routes to Asia & Africa
(2)
• Ship designs improved
• Europeans searched for water routes to bypass Venice, who had a monopoly, or sole economic control of Asian products via the Mediterranean Sea
7. How did Marco Polo contribute to Europe’s interest in Asia? (2)
• He wrote a book about his travels to China
• Many Europeans wanted to learn more about Asia & spread Christianity
8. List some advances that improved water routes across Atlantic Ocean (2)
• Astrolabe-used to know ship location by charting position of the stars
• Better charts/maps magnetic compass
9. How did
Portugal lead the
European race for a sea route to Asia? (3)
• Prince Henry, aka the Navigator, set up a learning center for learning more about sailing and finding new routes
• Dias was first to sail around the southern tip of Africa
• da Gama first to reach India
10. Tell about Christopher Columbus (2)
• First to believe Asia could be reached sailing west across Atlantic instead of east
• An Italian sponsored by Spain for his 3-ship expedition
11. Tell about Northwest Passage (2)
• While Spain & Portugal explored Central & South America, other Europeans explored North America
• These Europeans wanted to find a route through North America to sail their ships from the Atlantic to the Pacific
12. Tell about Columbian Exchange (2)
• Exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases bx the “New World”—the Americas & the “Old World”---Asia, Africa, Europe
• This Columbian Exchange dramatically changed the world
• Study for quiz on
Section 2 for
tomorrow
Section 3-Spanish America-pg20
1. Tell about
conquistadors(1)
Spanish soldiers who led military expeditions in the Americas
2. Tell about Cortes (1)
• Governor of Cuba sent Cortes, a conquistador, to explore a wealthy land to the west of present-day Mexico
3. Tell about Moctezuma II
(1)
• Ruler & king over Aztec Empire & land Cortes explored
4. Tell ? happended bx Spain’s Cortes & the Aztec Empire (2)
• At first Moctezuma believed Cortes to be a god & welcomed him
• Cortes eventually defeated Moctezuma’s Aztec Empire for Spain
5. Tell about
Pizarro(3)
• Spanish conquistador, explored present-day Chile to Columbia in the Andes of South America
• Area occupied by Incas who were no match for Pizarro
• Pizarro took over Inca Empire, second greatest empire of the Americas
6. Tell about Ponce de Leon (1)
• Spanish explorer who searched Florida for the magical Fountain of Youth
7. Tell about Cabrillo (1)
• Spaniard who sailed along present-day California coast giving Spain claim to Pacific coast of North America
8. ? made up the Spanish Empire in the Americas? (1)
• Present day South America, Central America, & southern part of what is now the United States
9. ? were the 3 kinds of settlements in Spanish America? (3)
• Pueblos-used as trading posts
• Missions-used to convert American Indians to Catholicism
• Presidios-military bases to protect towns & missions
10. Tell about El Camino Real (1)
• Aka “the Royal Road” was a network of hundreds of miles of roads that connected the scattered communities of New Spain
11.Tell about
encomienda system
(3)
• Rewarded settlers for their service to Spain
• Gave these settlers right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work
• In return, these settlers had to protect Native American & convert them to Christianity
• Need to know terms
for quiz on
Section 3 for
tomorrow
Section 4-The Race for Empires- pg 24
1. Tell about Martin Luther (2)
• Protested policies of Catholic Church
• Felt Catholic Church was too wealthy & abused its power
2. Tell about
Protestant
Reformation(2)
• Religious movement to reform Catholic Church
• Began in Germany then spread throughout Europe
3. Tell about Protestants
(2)
• Protested Catholic Church & its rules
• Thought pope had too much power
4. Tell about printing press
(2)
• Machine that produced printed copies
• Helped spread ideas of the Reformation
5. ? became of conflict bx Catholics & Protestants?
(1)
• Conflicts led to a civil war throughout Europe
6. Tell about Anglican Church (2)
• King Henry VIII founded Church of England aka Anglican Church
• Defied authority of pope & angered Catholics when he made himself head of the church
7. Who led Spain & England during the Protestant Reformation in the late 1500’s? (2)
• Spain—King Phillip II, a Catholic
• England—Queen Elizabeth I, an Anglican
8. Who was Sir Francis Drake? (2)
• Most successful English sea dog---sailors who raided Spanish treasure ships
• Drake was knighted by Queen Elizabeth despite requests from King Phillip to have him punished
9. Tell about the Spanish Armada
(2)
• King Phillip formed a huge navy to overthrow Queen Elizabeth and her sea dogs and Anglican Church
• King Phillip was defeated & worsened Spain’s inflation
10. ? is inflation? (1)
• Rise in price of goods caused by an increase in the amount of money in use
11. ? area did France occupy in North America? (1)
• “New France” spread out from the St. Lawrence River with French fur traders, explorers, & missionaries
12. Tell about
La Salle (2)
• French explorer who claimed Mississippi Valley for King Louis XIV of France
• Region was called Louisiana to honor king
13. Tell about relationship bx French & Native Americans (2)
• Friendly trading relationship
• French respected Native American languages & ways of life
14. Tell about Dutch in North America
(3)
• Henry Hudson gave Dutch claim to area bx Delaware & Hudson rivers
• Area called “New Netherland”
• Dutch West India Company sent settlers to New Netherland
15. Tell about Minuit (2)
• Bought Manhattan & founded New Amsterdam for Dutch
• He also helped Swedish settlers found New Sweden
16. ? is a charter? (1)
• Document giving permission to start a colony
17. Tell about Sir Walter Raleigh (2)
• Received a charter to start an English colony in present day Virginia & North Carolina
• His colony, known as Roanoke Island, mysteriously disappeared
• Study
for quiz on
Section 4 for
tomorrow