chapter 1 biologi
TRANSCRIPT
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BYBYBYBYMOHD HAMIDI BIN MOHD NOOR
SMK TRIANG
VARIOUS WAYS OF STUDYING
BIOLOGY
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Requires ScientificRequires ScientificSkillsSkills
Requires ScientificRequires ScientificSkillsSkills
Science Process SkillsScience Process Skills creative,creative,critical, analytical and systematic manner.critical, analytical and systematic manner.
Manipulative SkillsManipulative Skills Acquired throughAcquired throughconducting experimentsconducting experiments
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What is a ScientificWhat is a ScientificMethods?Methods?
What is a ScientificWhat is a ScientificMethods?Methods?
Are used to acquire theAre used to acquire the factsfacts of Biology byof Biology byscientific means. This involvesscientific means. This involves scientificscientificinvestigationinvestigation to find theto find the causescauses of aof asituation, event or phenomenonsituation, event or phenomenon
There are 9 step of Scientific MethodThere are 9 step of Scientific Method
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
1. Identifying the problem(a) Observing the situation or
phenomenon.
Ask questions to explain the situation
(b) Identifying the variables
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-A smart guess or prediction
to explain the problem
-Answer the question posed
by the problem.
-Explain the relationship
between M variable and
R variable.
This statement (hypothesis) is tested
In the experiment to determine its
Validity.
2. FORMING
A
HYPOTHESIS
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STEP IN PLANNING THEEXPERIMENT:
1. Apparatus and material to beused
2. Tecniques to be used3. Procedures to be followed
4. Types of measurements (data)
to be taken
5. Method to take themeasurement or collect thedata
6. Way of presenting the data(result)
3. PLANNING THE
EXPERIMENTO TEST THE HYPOTHESIS
WHY?
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- The variables that have beenIdentified before forming the
hypothesis have to be controlledduring the experiment.
- To control the variables, thefollowing have to be considered
4. CONTROLING THE VARIABLES
(a) M Variables
How to alter the manipulated
variables in the experiment.
(b) R Variables
What to observe, measure
and record in the reponding
variables
(c) Constant Variables
How to maintain the
controlled variables so that
it is kept constant
throughout the experiment
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5. CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT
THE EXPERIMENT IS CARRIED OUT
AS PLANNED TO TEST THE
HYPOTHESIS
1. The apparatus and materialare handled correctly,cleaned and stored safely
2. The variables are well-controlled
3. The result are beingcollected and recordedcarefully.
4. A control experiment is alsoset up.
The following steps haveto be observed during
the experiment
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(C) The data can be presented in
the form of a table, graph or
diagrams
6. COLLECTING DATA
(A) The data is collected and
recorded accurately
(B) The data can be based ondescriptive observation
(qualitative data) ornumbers figures
(quantitative data)
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(A) Find a suitable explanationfor what has been observed
Aspek kajian:
(d) Pengetua7. Analysing and interpreting data
(B) Analyse the relationshipbetween the manipulated
variable and the respondingvariable
(C) Look for a pattern
(D) Think critically to explainthe results clearly
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8. FORMING
ACONCLUSION
(A)Determine whether the datasupports the hypothesis
(B) Decide whether the
hypothesis is valid. If the
results support the
hypothesis, then thehypothesis is accepted. If not,
the hypothesis is rejected
(C) Make a general statement
about the result of the
investigation, based on thehypothesis
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1. Problem statement
2. Aim / objective
3. Hypothesis
4. Variables
5. Apparatus and materials
6. Tecniques7. Procedure / method
8. Result / observation
9. Discussion
10. Conclusion
9. WRITING A REPORT
A complete report of the experiment iswritten according to the following
format:
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DEFINE THE
PROBLEM
FORM A
HYPOTHESIS
PLAN THE
INVESTIGATION
CONTROL THE
VARIABLES
COLLECT THE
DATA
ANALYSE THE
DATA
INTERPRET
THE DATA
MAKE A
CONCLUSION
WRITE A
REPORT
SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATION
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THANK YOU