chapter 09 ppt

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 9: Cultural Diversity and Values


Chapter Highlights

• Culture in community settings

• Cross-cultural nursing

• Cultural competence and related concepts

• How culture affects health

• Cultural health assessment


Question

Is the following statement True or False?

Culture is static, private, and inherited.


Answer

False

Rationale: Culture is dynamic, shared, and learned.


Culture and Nursing

• Culture—knowledge, values, practices, customs and beliefs of a group

• Properties of culture

– Dynamic, not static

– Shared, not private

– Learned, not inherited


Question


Cultural competence is an attitude of openness to, respect for, and curiosity about different cultural values and traditions, and ideally includes a broader critical analysis of power relations affecting health disparities.


Answer

True

Rationale: Cultural competence is an attitude of openness to, respect for, and curiosity about different cultural values and traditions, and ideally includes a broader critical analysis of power relations affecting health disparities. For community health nurses it necessitates familiarizing oneself with cultures that are represented in the communities they serve.


Cross-cultural Nursing

• Cross-cultural or transcultural nursing—any nursing encounter in which the client and nurse are from different cultures

• Cultural competence—considering cultural aspects of health, illness, and treatment for each client or community, as well as doing so at each stage of the nursing process


Question


Advocates for groups that have been sociopolitically marginalized promote “cultural safety,”the ideal of considering cultural aspects of groups while working against assimilationism and repression.


Answer

True

Rationale: Advocates for groups that have been sociopolitically marginalized promote “cultural safety,” the ideal of considering cultural aspects of groups while working against assimilationism and repression.


Institutional Cultural Competence

• For community and public health agencies to be culturally competent, they must

– Have a defined set of values and principles and demonstrate behaviors, attitudes, policies, and structures that enable them to work effectively cross-culturally.


Institutional Cultural Competence (cont.)

• Have the capacity to

– Value diversity

– Conduct self-assessment

– Manage the dynamics of difference

– Acquire and institutionalize cultural knowledge

– Adapt to diversity and the cultural contexts of the communities they serve

• Incorporate this capacity in all aspects of policy making, administration, practice, and service delivery, as well as involve systematically consumers, key stakeholders, and communities.


Question


Cultural humility is an acknowledgment that our own beliefs are inherently better than those of our clients.


Answer

False

Rationale: Cultural humility is an acknowledgment that everyone’s views are culturally influenced, that our own are not inherently better than those of our clients, and that our clients can teach us.


Principles of Cultural Competence

• Cultural safety—providing culturally appropriate health services to disadvantaged groups while stressing dignity and avoiding institutional racism, assimilationism, and repressive practices

• Cultural humility

– Ask open-ended questions about beliefs and practices of the client and family.

– Ask about traditions.


Question


Ethnocentrism can be defined as an assumption that everyone shares your cultural values, or an opinion that your culture is superior to others.


Answer

True

Rationale: Ethnocentrism can be defined as an assumption that everyone shares your cultural values, or an opinion that your culture is superior to others.


Principles of Cultural Competence

• Ethnocentrism—the assumption that others believe and behave as the dominant culture does, or the belief that the dominant culture is superior to others


Subculture

• Subculture—a group sharing some practices, language or other characteristics in common, within a larger society that does not share those characteristics

• Race


Western Biomedicine as “Cultured”

• The first imperative of cultural competence is to be competent in one’s own cultural heritage. The nurses should ask themselves the following questions:

– Where are my ancestors and current family from?

– What traditions and health beliefs did I explicitly inherit and what more subtle assumptions were implicitly handed down to me?

• This concept is important to keep in mind as nurses approach their clients, especially those who come from cultures different from their own.


Aspects of Culture Directly Affecting Health and Health Care

• Attribution of illness

• Diet

• Verbal communication

• Nonverbal communication

– Eye contact

– Personal space

– Style of communication


Aspects of Culture Directly Affecting Health and Health Care (cont.)

• Time orientation

• Roles

• Religion

• Folk medicine


Cultural Health Assessment

• Individual clinicians

• Health care organizations

chapter 09 ppt

Documents

health disparities

cultural diversity

cultural safety

community health nurses

different cultural values

cultural aspects of

public health agencies

cultural knowledge ad