chapter 07 apparatus

Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting, 5th Edition

Chapter 7 — Apparatus

ARFF7–2

Chapter 7 Lesson Goal

• After completing this lesson, the student shall be able to describe ARFF apparatus and how it is used in fire fighting operations.

ARFF7–3

Objectives

1.Discuss ARFF apparatus. 2.Describe the types of ARFF apparatus. 3.Identify ARFF apparatus features and options.

(Continued)

ARFF7–4

Objectives

4.Describe ARFF apparatus fire suppression equipment.5.Explain ARFF apparatus agent resupply methods.6.Discuss ARFF apparatus maintenance.

ARFF7–5

ARFF Apparatus Requirements

• Airports — identify required ARFF protection

• ARFF personnel — identify level of protection/examine standards– FAA– ICAO– NFPA®

ARFF7–6

Levels of Protection

• Index or category determines ARFF apparatus– Number– Type

(Continued)

Courtesy of Edwin A. Jones, USAFR.

ARFF7–7


• Airports categories/indexed based on factors– Type or length of aircraft– Daily average number of departures

(Continued)

ARFF7–8


• Different rating systems– FAA– NFPA®

– U.S. military– Canada– ICAO

(Continued)

ARFF7–9


• ARFF requirements — based on index, set, category– Maintain minimum protection– Follow procedures for protection

(Continued)

ARFF7–10


• Methods to determine number of vehicles and amount of extinguishing agent are similar– NFPA®

– FAA– ICAO

(Continued)

ARFF7–11


• U.S. Department of Defense — specific requirements pertaining to aircraft sizes and configurations– NFPA® 403– Aircraft being protected

(Continued)

ARFF7–12


• NFPA® 403 — requirements for airports based on NFPA® categories– Amount of foam and auxiliary

extinguishing agents– Number of ARFF apparatus

ARFF7–13

Apparatus Design

• Agencies and standards cover ARFF apparatus– FAA– ICAO– NFPA® 403– NFPA® 412– NFPA® 414

(Continued)

ARFF7–14

Apparatus Design

• ARFF apparatus– Painted/marked to optimize visibility– Equipped with appropriate emergency

lights

ARFF7–15

Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Apparatus

• Designed to meet aviation/airport needs

• Must operate in paved/unpaved areas

• Mass application of agents required (Continued)

ARFF7–16


• ARFF vehicles equipped with features– Turrets– Handlines– Ground sweeps– Undertruck nozzles– Extendable turrets

(Continued)

ARFF7–17


• Carry medical supplies, ladders, rescue tools and equipment

• NFPA® 414 divides into three groups

• FAA rating system — based on amount of water and dry chemical or clean agent

ARFF7–18

Combined Agent Vehicles (Rapid Intervention Vehicles)

• Smaller than typical ARFF vehicles

• Outfitted with combined agent systems

• Designed for rapid response

(Continued)

ARFF7–19

Combined Agent Vehicles (Rapid Intervention Vehicles)

• Can operate in areas unsuitable for larger ARFF vehicles

• Can be equipped with a water pump and tank or skid unit

ARFF7–20

Structural Apparatus

• May be adapted and equipped for ARFF

• Fixed foam proportioning system — trend in structural fire fighting

Courtesy of Edwin A. Jones, USAFR.

(Continued)

ARFF7–21

Structural Apparatus

• Can be ordered with various features

• Difficult to meet NFPA® 414• Hose threads/couplings must be

same as ARFF apparatus• Batch mixing can be used

ARFF7–22

Support Vehicles and Equipment

• Vehicles/equipment– Command vehicles– Command post

vehicles– Mobile water supply

vehicles– Foam supply

vehicles and trailers(Continued)

ARFF7–23


• Vehicles/equipment– Hazardous materials

vehicles/trailers– Ambulances– Mass-casualty

vehicles/trailers– Decontamination trailers– Heavy rescue apparatus– Buses (Continued)

ARFF7–24


• Interior access vehicles– Adapted for use as

elevated platforms– Can be quickly

positioned– Can be custom

designed

ARFF7–25

Antilock Brake Systems

• Required by NFPA® 414• Monitors and controls wheel speed

during braking• Improves vehicle stability and

control

(Continued)

ARFF7–26

Antilock Brake Systems

• Provide driver with greater control• Keep vehicle wheels from skidding• Can give false sense of security

ARFF7–27

Central Inflation/Deflation System (CIDS)

• Allows driver to deflate tires to improve vehicle traction

• Can be operated without interrupting fire fighting capability

(Continued)

ARFF7–28


• Deflation– Increases traction– Greater maneuverability– Aids in removing mud and debris from

tread

(Continued)

ARFF7–29


• Operated from control panel in cab• Four terrain settings

– Highway– Off-road– Soft terrain– Emergency

(Continued)

ARFF7–30


• WARNING! It is dangerous to be driving an ARFF vehicle at faster speeds with tires inadequately inflated or with different pressures. An accident may occur resulting in vehicle damage and injury to personnel.

ARFF7–31

Driver’s Enhanced Vision System (DEVS)

• Allows drivers to use modern technology to make a safer response

• Cameras mounted on apparatus; display screens in cab

(Continued)

ARFF7–32

Driver’s Enhanced Vision System (DEVS)

• Three subsystems– Night vision– Navigation– Tracking

ARFF7–33

Vehicle Rear View Backup Camera Systems

• Assists drivers in backing safely

• Includes a camera and monitor

ARFF7–34

Apparatus Mounted Video Cameras

• Front-mounted video cameras and remote recording units

• Record throughout emergency response

• Provide documentation

ARFF7–35

High-Mobility Suspension Systems

• Gives ARFF vehicles greater mobility

• Keeps wheels in as much contact with the surface as possible

• Each wheel and axle is independent from the others

ARFF7–36

Monitoring and Data Acquisition System (MADAS)

• Collects minimum vehicle performance measurements

• Must store information at least 120 seconds before and 15 seconds after accident

ARFF7–37

Lateral Acceleration Indicator (LAI)

• Early alert system to assist drivers in recognizing when vehicle is approaching maneuvering limits

• Will not prevent vehicle from rolling over

ARFF7–38

Fire Pumps

• Every major ARFF vehicle has a fire pump

• All ARFF vehicles are capable of delivering large quantities of water

• Can operate while vehicle is in motion

(Continued)

ARFF7–39

Fire Pumps

• Method of transferring power between pump and engine for pump-and-roll varies

• Switch or buttons activate fire pump from cab

(Continued)

ARFF7–40

Fire Pumps

• Some ARFF apparatus have structural fire fighting capability

• Advantages to structural systems on an ARFF vehicle

ARFF7–41

Turrets

• Should have one or more turrets for application of agents

• Auto-oscillating turrets — allow operator to set range of sweep

(Continued)

ARFF7–42

Turrets

• Bumper turrets — allow for improved visibility for driver/operator

• “Dual flow” — allows selection of low or high flow

(Continued)

ARFF7–43

Turrets

• Two turrets — allow for backup in case of failure

• Primary turrets — must be power-assisted

ARFF7–44

Handlines

• Needed for several reasons in fire fighting operations– Extinguish interior fires in fuselage – Provide protection for rescue

personnel– Extinguish peripheral fires

(Continued)

ARFF7–45

Handlines

• Most ARFF vehicles are equipped with handlines – Preconnected noncollapsible booster

hose stored on a reel – Standard collapsible hose stored in a

hose bed

(Continued)

ARFF7–46

Handlines

• Larger hose require two personnel

• Preconnect discharge valves require valve turned on

• Additional features available

ARFF7–47

Ground-Sweep and Undertruck Nozzles

• Ground sweep nozzles — lay a blanket or path of foam in front of vehicle

(Continued)

ARFF7–48

Ground-Sweep and Undertruck Nozzles

• Undertruck nozzles — discharge extinguishing agents directly beneath the vehicle chassis

ARFF7–49

Extendable Turrets

• Capable of attacking a fire at the base of the flames

• Features– Piercing nozzle– Forward Looking

Infrared (FLIR) – Color video

ARFF7–50

Elevated Waterways

• Articulating boom design — most common

• Can be manipulated and agent discharged while apparatus is in motion

• Leftover agent in piping system creates problems

(Continued)

ARFF7–51

Elevated Waterways

• Various nozzles used• Boom allows

– Greater visibility– Greater control– Efficient application of agent

• ASPN — can be installed on end of boom

ARFF7–52

Agent Resupply Methods

• ARFF vehicles — should have ability to resupply with water and foam concentrate

(Continued)

Courtesy of John Demyan, LVI Airport.

ARFF7–53

Agent Resupply Methods

• Methods to resupply– Rapid resupply– Sustained resupply– Resupply point

• Resupply procedures should incorporate all three methods

ARFF7–54

Water-fill Methods

• Primary method — through hose intake connections on side or rear of apparatus

(Continued)

ARFF7–55

Water-fill Methods

• Methods of resupplying water to tank inlets– Directly from fire hydrant, mobile

water supply, supply line– Fixed, overhead-fill hose

–Not as fast or safe

(Continued)

ARFF7–56

Water-fill Methods

• Auto shut-off system — automatically closes tank fill valve when tank is full

• Water tank level control — available on newer apparatus

ARFF7–57

Foam Resupply

• Methods of resupply– Direct filling from 5-gallon (20 L)

containers– Overhead gravity filling– Mechanical or hand foam concentrate

pump transfer

(Continued)

ARFF7–58

Foam Resupply

• Least desired method — direct filling with 5-gallon (20 L) containers

• Filling with foam tenders– More convenient– Allows servicing closer to incident site

• Follow proper procedures

ARFF7–59

Auxiliary Agent System Servicing

• Agent stored in pressurized containers

• Personnel must know type(s) of agent

• Follow manufacturer’s directions

(Continued)

ARFF7–60


• Dry-chemical systems– Serviced in well-

ventilated area– Respiratory

protection used

• Flush agent systems after use (Continued)

ARFF7–61


• Completely flush dry-chemical piping and hoselines after discharge

ARFF7–62

Maintenance Requirements

• Apparatus must be maintained– Always in operational condition during

air carrier operations– Regularly inspected and serviced

(Continued)

ARFF7–63


• Fire apparatus mechanic — occasionally monitor routine preventive maintenance inspections

(Continued)

ARFF7–64


• Maintain adequate reserve apparatus

• Keep complete record of vehicle information

ARFF7–65

Summary

• There are many types of ARFF vehicles. ARFF departments should consider all applicable regulations and standards when designing the type of ARFF apparatus required for their jurisdiction.

(Continued)

ARFF7–66

Summary

• ARFF departments should take an all hazards approach to determine what support vehicles and equipment are necessary for a successful response outcome.

(Continued)

ARFF7–67

Summary

• ARFF jurisdictions must provide adequate resources and establish agreements with other agencies as necessary to meet the needs of their airfields.

(Continued)

ARFF7–68

Summary

• ARFF departments should also develop appropriate procedures and training evaluations to ensure personnel are proficient with ARFF vehicle operations.

(Continued)

ARFF7–69

Summary

• ARFF personnel must become proficient in the operation of each assigned vehicle; having a thorough understanding of the vehicle and associated systems is vital for successful response and operations.

ARFF7–70

Review Questions

1.What determines the minimum types of aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus required at an airport?2.What are the specifications of a Capacity II aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus?3.What is batch mixing? (Continued)

ARFF7–71

Review Questions

4. What is the purpose of an antilock brake system? 5.What are the three subsystems of a driver’s enhanced vision system (DEVS)?6.What is the purpose of a turret?

(Continued)

ARFF7–72

Review Questions

7.How are pre-connect discharge valves operated?8.What is sustained resupply?9.In what ways can aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus be resupplied with foam concentrate?10.When should aircraft rescue and fire fighting apparatus be inspected?

chapter 07 apparatus

Government & Nonprofit

arff apparatus features

types of arff apparatus

arff apparatus maintenance

typical arff vehicles

larger arff vehicles

arff apparatus faa icao

structural apparatus

levels of protection