At the end of this topic, studentsshould be able to:

a)b)

Identify types of operating systemExplain the functions of operating system

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Chapter Two

Computer System2.6.1.1 System Software – Operating System

Computer Software

• Software, also called a program, tells thecomputer what tasks to perform and how toperform them

System Software

• Operating system• Utility program

Type of Software

Application Software• Word processing•Spreadsheet•Presentation Application•Database•Web Browser

2

System Software

• System software consists of the programscontrol or maintain the operations of the

that

computer and its devicesType of System Software

Operatingsystems

UtilityProgram

s

3Discovering Computers : Chapter 8

Types of Operating Systems

•UNIX

•Solaris

4

• Windows Server 2008

•Linux

•Netware

• Windows•Mac OS x•UNIX•Linux

• Windows Embedded CE•Windows Phone 7•Palm OS•iPhone OS•BlackBerry•Google Android•Embedded Linux•Symbian OS

Stand-alone Embedded / mobileServer

:

1. Stand-Alone Operating Systems

• A stand-alone operating system is a completeoperating system that works on a desktopcomputer, notebook computer, or mobilecomputing

Examplesdevice

•

5

Proprietary OS software Open source OS software

• Windows• Mac OS X

• Unix• Linux

2. Server Operating Systems

• an operating system that is designed specificallynetwork

to support a

• typically resides on a• Examples :

server

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Proprietary server OS software Open source server OS software

• Windows Server 2008• Netware

• Unix• Linux• Solaris

3. Embedded/Mobile Operating Systems

• An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chipon a mobile

Examples :device or consumer electronic device

•

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Proprietary embedded OS

software

Open source embedded OS

software

• Windows Embedded CE• Windows Phone 7• iPhone OS• Palm OS• BlackBerry

• Google Android• Embedded Linux• Symbian OS

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Category Operating System NameStand-alone • DOS

• Early Windows versions(Windows 3.x, Windows 95,Windows NT Workstation,Windows 98, Windows 2000Professional, Windows MillenniumEdition, Windows XP,Windows Vista)• Windows 7• Mac OS X• UNIX• Linux

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Category Operating System NameServer • Early Windows Server

versions (Windows NT Server,Windows 2000 Server,Windows Server 2003)• Windows Server 2008• UNIX• Linux• Solaris• NetWare

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Category Operating System NameEmbedded • Windows Embedded CE

• Windows Phone 7• Palm OS• iPhone OS• BlackBerry• Google Android• Embedded Linux• Symbian OS

Operating Systems• An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing

instructions thatactivities among

Functions of OSStart and shut

down a computer

work together to coordinate all thecomputer hardware resources

Provide a userinterface

Manage programs

Manage memory Coordinate tasks Configure devices

Establish anInternet

connection

Provide utilitiesMonitor performance

Automatically update Control a network Administer security

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Functions of Operating System1.

•Start and Shut Down a Computer

The process of starting or restarting a computer iscalled booting

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Warm boot

• Using the operating system to restart a computer

Cold boot

• Turning ona computerthat hasbeenpowered offcompletely

Functions of Operating System2. Provide a User Interface

• A user interface controls how you enter data andinstructions and how informationthe screen

2 types of user interface:

is displayed on

•

Graphical user interface

Command-line(GUI)

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• With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact withmenus and visual images

18

• With a command-line interface, a user uses thekeyboard to enter data and instructions

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Functions of Operating System

3. Manage Programs• How an operating system handles programs directly

affects your productivity

• An OS manages multiple programsyou use the computer

& processes while

Singleuser/SingleTasking

Single user/multitasking Multiuser

Preemptivemultitasking Multiprocessing

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Functions of Operating System4. Manage Memory

••

Memory management optimizes the use of RAM

Operating System allocates data and instructions tomemory while they are being processed, monitors thecontent of memory and release from memory when theprocessor no longer requires them

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Functions of Operating System5. Coordinate Tasks• The operating system determines the order in

which tasks are processed

This figure illustrate three document in the queue with one document printing22

Functions of Operating System

6. Configure Devices• Short for device driver•Most device and OS support plug and play

A driver is a smallprogram that tells theoperating system how

Plug and Playautomatically

configures newas you install

devicesthem

to communicate withspecific device

a

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Functions of Operating System7. Establish an Internet Connection

• Operating systems typically provide a means toestablish Internet connections

This figure illustrate to connect to a network using windows 24

Functions of Operating8. Monitor Performance

System

• A performancemonitor is a programthat assesses andreports informationabout variouscomputer resourcesand devices

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Functions of Operating System9. Provide File Management and Other Utilities• Operating systems often provide users with the

capability of:

Managingfiles

Searchingfiles

for Viewingimages

Securing acomputer

Uninstallingprograms

Cleaningdisks

up Diagnosingproblems

Defragmentingdisks

Backing upfiles and

disks

Setting upscreen savers

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Functions of Operating System10. Automatically Update• Automatic update automatically provides updates

to the program

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Functions of Operating11. Control a Network

System

• •Some operating systemsare designed to workwith a server on anetwork

A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network

A networkadministrator uses theserver operating systemto:–• Add and remove users,

computers, and otherdevices

Install software and administer network security

–

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Functions of Operating12.Administer Security

System

• Establish permissions toresources

Define who & when they can access certain resourcesBy setting user account Each user has a user account

•

••

– A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific userA password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name

–

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