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Page 1: Chapter 016 skeleton
Page 2: Chapter 016 skeleton

Chapter 16The skeleton

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Figure 16.1 A mature long bone – partially sectioned.

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Figure 16.2 Sections of flat and irregular bones.

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Figure 16.3 Microscopic structure of compact bone.

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Figure 16.4 Microscopic structure of cancellous bone.

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Figure 16.5 The stages of development of a long bone.

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Figure 16.6 The skeleton. A. Anterior view: axial skeleton – gold; appendicular skeleton – brown. B. Lateral view.

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Figure 16.7 The bones of the skull and their sutures (joints).

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Figure 16.8 The bones forming the base of the skull and the cranial fossae. Viewed from above.

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Figure 16.9 The right temporal bone. Lateral view.

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Figure 16.10 The occipital bone viewed from below.

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Figure 16.11 The sphenoid bone viewed from above.

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Figure 16.12 The right ethmoid bone and its related structures.

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Figure 16.13 The bones of the face. Anterior view.

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Figure 16.14 The left mandible. Lateral view.

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Figure 16.15 The skull showing the fontanelles and sutures. A. Fontanelles viewed from above. B. Fontanelles viewed from the side. C. Main sutures viewed from above when ossification is complete.

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Figure 16.16 The vertebral column. Lateral view.

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Figure 16.17 A lumbar vertebra showing the features of a typical vertebra – viewed from above.

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Figure 16.18 A cervical vertebra showing typical features viewed from above.

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Figure 16.19 The upper cervical vertebrae viewed from above: A. The atlas. B. The axis. C. The atlas and axis in position showing the transverse ligament.

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Figure 16.20 A thoracic vertebra: A. Viewed from above. B. Viewed from the side.

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Figure 16.21 The sacrum and coccyx: A. Anterior view. B. Lateral view.

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Figure 16.22 Section of the vertebral column showing the ligaments, intervertebral discs and intervertebral foramina.

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Figure 16.23 Lower cervical vertebrae separated to show the spinal cord and spinal nerves emerging through the intervertebral foramina. Anterior view.

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Figure 16.24 The order of development of the curves of the spine.

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Figure 16.25 The thoracic cage. Anterior view.

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Figure 16.26 The sternum and its attachments.

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Figure 16.27 A typical rib viewed from below.

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Figure 16.28 The right clavicle.

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Figure 16.29 The right scapula. Posterior view.

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Figure 16.30 The right humerus. Anterior view.

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Figure 16.31 The right radius and ulna with the interosseous membrane. Anterior view.

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Figure 16.32 The bones of the wrist, hand and fingers. Anterior view.

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Figure 16.33 The right innominate bone. Lateral view.

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Figure 16.34 The bones of the pelvis and the upper part of the left femur.

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Figure 16.35 The difference in shape of the male and female pelves.

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Figure 16.36 The left femur. Posterior view.

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Figure 16.37 The left tibia and fibula with the interosseous membrane. Anterior view.

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Figure 16.38 The bones of the foot. Lateral view.

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Figure 16.39 The tendons and ligaments supporting the arches of the left foot. Medial view.

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Figure 16.40 Stages in bone healing.

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Figure 16.41 Achondroplasia.

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