chapter 002 chemistry of life
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anatomy and physiologyTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 2Introduction to the chemistry of life
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Figure 2.1 The atom showing the nucleus and four electron shells.
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Figure 2.2 The atomic structures of the elements hydrogen, oxygen and sodium.
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Figure 2.3 The isotopes of hydrogen.
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Figure 2.4 A water molecule, showing the covalent bonds between hydrogen (yellow) and oxygen (green).
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Figure 2.5 Formation of the ionic compound, sodium chloride.
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Figure 2.6 The pH scale.
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Figure 2.7 The combination of glucose and fructose to make sucrose.
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Figure 2.8 Amino acid structures: A. Common structure, R = variable side chain. B. Glycine, the simplest amino acid. C. Alanine. D. Phenylalanine.
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Figure 2.9 Core structure of the fats.
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Figure 2.10 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).
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Figure 2.11 The relationship between DNA, RNA and protein synthesis.
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Figure 2.12 ATP and ADP: A. Structures. B. Conversion cycle.
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Figure 2.13 Action of an enzyme: A. Enzyme and substrates. B. Enzymesubstrate complex. C. Enzyme and product.
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Figure 2.14 The process of diffusion: a spoonful of sugar in a cup of coffee.
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Figure 2.15 The process of osmosis. Net water movement when a red blood cell is suspended in solutions of varying concentrations (tonicity): A. Isotonic solution. B. Hypotonic solution. C. Hypertonic solution.
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Figure 2.16 Distribution of body water in a 70 kg person.
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