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Human Anatomy & Physiology I

Chapter 1

Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

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Instructor: Quinn V. Bui, DC, MPH, MS

Semester: Fall, 2005

Credit: 4

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Chapter 1Introduction to Human Anatomy

and Physiology

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Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy – ____________________

Physiology – __________________

Structure is always related to function

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Levels of Organization

Atom – ________ atom, lithium atom

Molecule – water molecule, ______ molecule

Macromolecule – protein molecule, _____ molecule Organelle – _____________, Golgi apparatusCell – muscle cell, nerve cellTissue – loose connective tissue, muscle tissue Organ – ______, femurOrgan System – skeletal system, digestive system

Organism - _________1-4

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Levels of Organization

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Characteristics of Life

Movement – _______________; motion

Responsiveness – _____________ a change

Growth – increase in size

Respiration – obtaining __________; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods

Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells

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Characteristics of Life

Absorption – passage of ____________ through membranes and into body fluids

Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids

Assimilation – changing of _________________ into different substances

Excretion – removal of wastes

Digestion – breakdown of food substances

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Requirements of Organisms

Water- ______________ substance in body- required for _______________ processes- required for transport- regulates ___________________

Food- supply energy- supply raw materials

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Requirements of Organisms

Oxygen- ___________________- used to release energy from nutrients

Heat- _________________- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions

Pressure - ___________________ – important for breathing - hydrostatic pressure – keeps ___________flowing

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Homeostasis

Body’s maintenance of a stable ____________________

Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes

•Receptors - ____________________•Control center - tells what a particular value should be•Effectors - ________________________ change internal environment

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Homeostatic Mechanisms

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Body Cavities

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Serous Membranes

Thoracic Membranes•_________ pleura•_________ pleura•________pericardium•Parietal pericardium

Visceral layer – ____________________Parietal layer – __________________________

Abdominopelvic Membranes•Visceral peritoneum•_____________________

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Serous Membranes

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Organ Systems

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Organ Systems

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Organ Systems

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Anatomical Terminology

Anatomical Position – body ______________, facing _________, upper limbs at the sides, __________ forward

Terms of Relative Position•________________________•Anterior versus Posterior•___________________•Ipsilateral versus Contralateral•Proximal versus Distal•Superficial versus Deep

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Body Sections•Sagittal / Midsagittal or Median•Transverse / Cross•Coronal or Frontal•Oblique

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Abdominal Subdivisions

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Body Regions

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Clinical ApplicationMedical Imaging

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•Noninvasive procedures•Provide images of ____________________ structures

Magnetic Resonance Imaging•Requires ______________•Produces computerized ____________, _________, and __________ sections of area being studied

________________ •Use of high-frequency sound waves•Relatively _____ and inexpensive