chap12 developing business it solutions[1]
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2. Developing Business/IT Solutions Chapter 12 3. What is the Systems Approach?
- A problem solving technique that uses a systems orientation to define problems and opportunities and develop solutions.
4. What is Systems Thinking?
- Seeing the forest and the trees in any situation by:
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- Seeing interrelationships among systems rather than linear cause-and-effect chains whenever events occur
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- Seeing processes of change among systems rather than discrete snapshots of change, whenever changes occur
5. Systems Development Lifecycle (SDLC) 6. Systems Investigation Stage
- Do we have business opportunities?
- What are our business priorities?
- How can information technologies provide information systems solutions that address our business priorities?
7. Feasibility Study
- Definition:
- A preliminary study where the information needs of prospective users and the resource requirements, costs, benefits, and feasibility of a proposed project are determined
8. Feasibility Categories
- Organizational how well a proposed system supports the strategic business priorities of the organization
- Economic whether expected cost savings, increased revenue, increased profits, reductions in required investment, and other types of benefits will exceed the costs of developing and operating a proposed system
9. Feasibility Categories
- Technical determine if reliable hardware and software capable of meeting the needs of a proposed system can be acquired or developed by the business in the required time
- Operational willingness and ability of the management, employees, customers, suppliers, and others to operate, use, and support a proposed system
10. Feasibility 11. Cost/Benefit Analysis
- Tangible costs or benefits that can be quantified
- Intangible costs or benefits that can not be quantified
12. Systems Analysis
- Definition:
- An in-depth study of end user information needs that produces functional requirements that are used as the basis for the design of a new information system
13. What does Systems Analysis Study?
- The information needs of a company and end users.
- The activities, resources, and products of one or more of the present information systems being used.
- The information system capabilities required to meet information needs of users, and those of other business stakeholders that may use the system.
14. Organizational Analysis
- Study of the organization including:
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- Management Structure
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- People
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- Business Activities
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- Environmental Systems
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- Current Information Systems
15. Systems Design
- Definition:
- Design activities that produce system specifications satisfying the functional requirements that were developed in the systems analysis process
16. System Design Categories 17. System Specifications
- Definition:
- Hardware, software, network, data, and personnel specifications for a proposed system that formalize the design of an applications user interface methods and products, database structures, and processing and control procedures
18. End User Development
- Definition:
- IS professional plays a consulting role, while end user does his/her own application development
19. End User Development 20. Encouraging End User Web Development
- Look for tools that make sense
- encourage creativity
- Set some limits
- Give managers responsibility
- Make users comfortable
21. Systems Implementation
- Hardware and software acquisition
- Software development
- Testing of programs and procedures
- Conversion of data resources
- Conversion alternatives
- Education and training of end users and specialists who will operate a new system
22. Project Management
- Definition:
- IT and business unit managers enforce a project plan which includes job responsibilities, time lines for major stages of development, and financial budgets
23. Hardware Evaluation Factors
- Performance
- Cost
- Reliability
- Compatibility
- Technology
- Ergonomics
- Connectivity
- Scalability
- Software
- Support
24. Software Evaluation Factors
- Quality
- Efficiency
- Flexibility
- Security
- Connectivity
- Maintenance
- Documentation
- Hardware
25. IS Services
- Developing a company website
- Installation
- Conversion
- Employee training
- Hardware maintenance
- System design
- Contract programming
- Consulting services
- System integration
26. IS Services Evaluation Factors
- Performance
- Systems development
- Maintenance
- Conversion
- Training
- Backup
- Accessibility
- Business Position
- Hardware
- Software
27. System Testing
- Testing and debugging software
- Testing website performance
- Testing new hardware
- Review of prototypes of displays, reports and other output
28. Data Conversion
- Converting data elements affected by new application
- Correcting incorrect data
- Filtering out unwanted data
- Consolidating data from several databases
- Organizing data into new data subsets
29. Importance of Data Conversion
- Improperly organized and formatted data is frequently reported to be one of the major causes of failures in implementing new systems.
30. Importance of Documentation
- Documentation serves as a method of communication among the people responsible for developing, implementing, and maintaining a computer-based system.
- Documentation is extremely important in diagnosing errors and making changes, especially if the end users or systems analysts who developed a system are no longer with the organization.
31. Training
- Data entry
- All aspects of the proper use of a new system
- Educate managers and end users in how the new technology impacts the companys business operations and management
32. Conversion Methods
- Parallel both old and new systems are operating until the project development team and end user management agree to switch completely to the new system
- Plunge no overlap of old and new system
33. Conversion Methods
- Phased only parts of a new application or only a few departments at time are converted
- Pilot One department serves as a test site
34. Systems Maintenance
- Definition:
- Monitoring, evaluating, and modifying of operational business systems to make desirable or necessary improvements
35. Learning Curve
- Definition:
- Personnel who operate and use the system will make mistakes simply because they are not familiar with it; though such errors usually diminish as experience is gained with a new system
36. Postimplementation Review
- Definition:
- Periodic review or audit of a system to ensure that it is operating properly and meeting its objectives
37. End of Chapter Chapter 12