chap 6 (social)

8/8/2019 Chap 6 (Social)

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Chapter 6

Socialization and Social

Roles


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Socialization is

Humans learning to be humans

To be m

ade social Socialization is developmental stages +

learning/exposure

Potty training, reading, playing soccer

My wife vs. me reading interesting

example


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Suppressing Development

Humans raised in isolation fail to develop intohumans feral (untamed) children

Famous Skeels and Dye study of orphanageinfants (1939) Experiment some orphanage kids removed

parented by mildly retarded

4 years later, showed im

provem

ent Conclusion: infants who were unattended andunstimulated in orphanages failed to developnormally.


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Theories of Socialization

Developmental psych issues important

in socialization

Brief intro of 3 theories

2 psychologists (Freud, Piaget)

1 sociologist (Mead)


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Freud

Id drives and instincts

Superego culture, values.

Internalized expectations of others

Ego reconciliation between the two

management of the two opposing forces


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Piaget discovered basic rules of

reasoning and the ages at which

normal children acquire them. Sensorimotor 0 to 2

senses and motor control

Object permanence around 10 months

Preoperational 2-7 Language, overcoming egocentrism

Put themselves in place of another (Mead)

Concrete operational 7-12 Rule of conservation

Empirical reasoning Formal operational

Abstract thoughts

Not everyone progresses


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George Herbert Mead

Self = self awareness and self image

Taking the role of the other

I ,me

Self is ever changing


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For sociologist, socialization is a

lifelong process

For Freud early years ego emerges

For Mead, self changes as other

changes


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Agents of Socialization

Family

School

Peers

Media


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Media no question it is a

powerful force

TV is on 7 hours per day in US homes

Americans spend one-half of free time

in front of TV

2-18 average 5.5 hours per day (tv plus

video games)


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As agent of socialization, what

does media teach us Examples Friends and sexual behavior

Sensationalism = fear

Glorification of drugs? Media and violence?

Most studies correlational (some experimentsshow short term effects)

Numerous longitudinal come closer to cause

and effect Rap music taken heat (correlated with variety of

behaviors)

Eminem and Grand Theft Auto: Vice City


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Resocialization

Culture and subculture

Lofland and Stark Moonie research

Conversion is resocialization

Beliefs form after attachments

Sociologists reject notion that someone isbrainwashed

Military also resocializes

video


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Biological determinists vs Cultural

determinists (Nature vs. Nurture)

Chap 5 discusses sociological

challenge to bio determinists

Pendulum swings too far with

anthropologists Frank Boaz and

Margaret Mead?

Sex Roles great example


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Pink world vs. Blue world

How much cultural vs. biological?

Mead research in New Guinea both men andwomen.. Arapesh cooperative, unaggressive, sensitive, feminine

Mundugumor headhunters aggressive, selfish, violent

Mead cultural determinist (childrearing)

Stark offers social evolutionary theory (nobody

wanted Arapesh land, everyone wanted Mundugumorland)

Mead severely criticized


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Other issues discussed in Chap 6

Melvin Kohn on occupational roles and socialization Working Class parents more likelyin jobs where obeying

rules, accepting authority, dont question

MC parents = jobs of self expression, independence,personal initiative

Children raised to be ready for the world parents envision

Cultural factor in intergenerational class patterns

Irving Goffman

Live is a stage. Impressionmanagement roleperformance

chap 6 (social)

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