Chap 32:

Japan & The Koreas

I. Japan: The Land of the Rising Sun

JapanFlag Description:white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center

Rice Terrace

4. Ring of Fire – region of tectonic activity along rim of Pacific– Frequent EQs– Volcanoes– Tsunamis

ShintoShinto

PolytheismPolytheism

AncestorWorshipAncestorWorship

Hyper-Nationalism

Hyper-Nationalism

The Worldof the kami

The Worldof the kami

Minimizesin &guilt

Minimizesin &guilt

Great

CreatorGreat

Creator

Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper

Folding

Origami : The Art of Japanese Paper

Folding

Haiku : 17-syllable poem

Matsuo Basho, Master of Haiku

Spring departs.Birds cryFishes' eyes are filled with tears.

Calligraphy

Ikebana : The Art of Japanese Flower

Arranging

Tallest --> Heaven

Middle --> Man

Smallest --> Earth

Bonzai : A Unique Method of Meditation

Japanese Zen Rock Garden

ULTRAMAN

C. A Forced Reopening1. 1853 – US sends warships led

by Commodore Matthew Perry to Japan to negotiate trade agreement – massive show of force

2. Japan ends isolation – opens ports to foreign trade ships

3. Japan forced to sign other unequal treaties w/ Westerners giving all economic advantage to foreigners

E. Japanese Imperialism1. Why?

a. To gain additional living space for growing population

b. To gain access to natural resources needed for industry (iron, oil)

2. Japanese military victories – earned new territory & trading rights for Japana. 1895 Sino-Japanese Warb. 1905 Russo-Japanese Warc. Annexed Korea 1910 – efforts to destroy

Korean cultured. Gained Germany’s Pacific colonies as result of

WWI

1. Worldwide Great Depression 1929+

2. Japan became military dictatorship -Japanese military advocates creation of overseas empire to secure markets, raw materials & land- invades Manchuria (China) 1931- invades China 1937 (The

China Incident)3. Stated aim: to free Asian nations

from Western imperialism4. Japan breaks peace treaties w/

other world powers

Emperor Hirohito

F. Japan in World War II1. Joins Axis powers2. Seize French &

Dutch colonies in SE Asia after German occupation of mother country

3. US cuts off exports to Japan

4. Dec. 7, 1941 – Japan attacks US at Pearl Harbor. US brought into WWII

5. Japan makes early gains in the Pacific but tide is turned with Battle of Midway, June 1942

6. US develops Island Hopping campaign to capture certain key islands, one after another, until Japan came within range of American bombers

1. WWII ends w/ defeat of Japan

- Japan forced to surrender after US drops 2 atomic bombs on Japanese cities of Hiroshima & Nagasaki

“Little Boy”

VJ Day Aug 14, 1945

Formal Surrender!

September 2, 1945

G. American Military Occupation: 1945-1952 (1st time for foreign rule of Japan!)1. Democratic reforms

a. emperor stripped of political pwr (still head of state)

b. new constitution: women = men2. Military reforms - demilitarization

a. military leaders stripped of pwrb. military disbanded, forbidden to re- build offensive capabilities

2. Economic Reformsa. Large farms & small biz ÷. Sold to poor citizens

H. The Economic Boom

1. “World’s Workshop”

a. Economy grew rapidly

b. Imported raw materials (through trade this time!) & converted them into finished goods for export

c. Efficient factories

• One of most powerful industrial nations in the world by 1960

J. Japan’s Population Trends

Population Comparisons

61126

1,250

7 40

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Population in Millions

ThailandJapanChinaHong KongSingapore

Japan’s Population Over 65

versus the United States

Japan’s Growing Older

Japan’s Age Breakdown

Under 15 years 15.8%

15 – 59 years 63.3%

60 and over years

20.9%

K. Things to see in JapanM

t. Fuji

Tokyo

Tokyo

Imperial Palace

Kyoto

Ski Japan!

Japanese Gardens

SAYONARA

III. The KoreasA Divided

Peninsula

Population StatisticsNorth Korea South Korea

Population 23,301,725 49,044,790

IMR 22.6/1000 6/1000

Life Expectancy

72 77

Literacy 99% 98%

GDP/capita $1800 $24,200

Government Communist Dictatorship

Republic

Where would you rather live?

A. What do they have in common?

1. Common Culture

- Heavily influenced by Chinese culture

- language

2. Religion: Buddhist, Daoist,Confucianist influence

B. Differences1. North Korea

a. Gov’t: Communist – One man Dictatorship

b. Climate: short cool summers, very cold winters

c. Land &Resources: Mts, rich mineral deposits

d. Economy: industrialized, but productivity lags behind South Korea

• deteriorating standard of living• relies on international aid for food. • Expends resources on the maintenance of an army of 1

million

Kim Jong Il of North Korea …and friends

North Korea: World’s newest nuclear threat!

1. South Korea

a. Gov’t: Republic

b. Climate: moderate w/ some subtropical parts

c. Land &Resources: less mts, rolling plains

d. Economy: industrialized & productive

C. Why is Korea divided?

1. Korea annexed by Japan in 1910

2. WWII – Japan defeated

3. USSR(north) & US(south) divide Korea at 38th parallel

- plan to administer/occupy during post- war reconstruction/reorganization &

then reunify w/ nat’l elections

- reunification/elections never happened. North became Communist satellite.

÷

D. Korean War• 1950-1950• June 1950: Communist

NK invades SK. • Un authorizes military

action against NK• US role? Heavy

participation. Goal? To contain Communism on Korean Peninsula

• 1953 ceasefire• Korea remains divided

into Communist North Korea & Non-Communist South Korea