chap 2 adolescence

7/24/2019 Chap 2 Adolescence

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ADOLESCENCE:

NEEDS AND OF ADOLESCENCE

An individuals needs and problems infuence his development to a great

extent. At adolescence - a period ranging in most children rom 11 18years, but earlier in onset or girls than or boys a number o physical

changes occur hich can be a source o great embarrassment and perplexity

to children. Adolescence is a crucial period in the lie o an individual ith its

characteristic needs and problems o ad!ustment. "very adolescent has

certain needs, the satisaction o hich is essential to his continued physical

and others aspects o development. A need is a tension within an organism

which must be satisfed or the well being o the organism.#hen a need is

satis$ed the tension is released and the individual experiences satisaction.

%here are certain basic needshich are unctioning in every individual. %hey

are broadly classi$ed into Physiological needsandPsychological

needs.

Primary or Physiological Needs: %he ul$llment o physiological needs

are inevitable because they are concerned ith the very existence o the

individual.%he need or oxygen, need or ater and ood, need or rest and

sleep, need or sex grati$cation etc. are the important physiological needs.

Secondary or Socio-Psychological Needs: &eeds that are associatedith socio-cultural environment o an individual are called secondary needs.

%hey are ac'uired through social learning and their satisaction is necessary

or the psychological ell being o the individual. %he important socio-

psychological needs are as ollos(

1. Needs for security : %he adolescent need emotional, social and

economic

security in addition to physical security. %he person ho lac)s the eeling o

security may become malad!usted. %he need or social security is associatedith mans desire or gregariousness.

*. Need for Love : A+ection or love is one o the most basic

psychological

needs o the adolescents. Adolescents have a strong desire to love and

to be loved. %he individual ho is not loved ill not deep proper attitudes


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and concepts concerning his on orth. roper love ill strengthen the

individuals eeling o security.

3. Need for approval : %here is a carving or recognition in

adolescents. is

ego gets satisaction hen he is recognied and approved. %he adolescent

desire that he should be a centre o attraction or the opposite sex and his

abilities, intelligence and capacities should be recognied by others. %he

teachers should $nd out the $eld in hich the pupil can shine very ell and

hich help him to earn admiration rom others.

/. Need for freedom and independence : Adolescence is a

time hen the

individual is striving to ean himsel aay rom the control o parents and

elders. e ant the right to give expression to his eelings, emotions and

ideas. e eels annoyed and unpleasant hen restriction is imposed on him.

0. Need for self-epression and ac!ievement( "very adolescent has

an inherent

desire or the expression o his potentialities. e may have a poet, musician,

painter etc. hidden ithin him and he ant to get ade'uate opportunities or

the expression o his potentialities. e experiences satisaction hen he

succeeded in them and ailure ma)es him depressed and disappointed.

ence the curriculum should be appropriate or every pupil so as to permit

achievement or him.

"ro#lems of Adolescents $it! special reference to %ndian contet

Any period o development is li)ely to be accompanied by many potential

diculties. Adolescence is a period o transition rom childhood to adulthood

that implies many development changes and associated problems. 2ome o

the outstanding problems o 3ndian adolescence are the olloing(

"erpleity $it! re&ard to somatic variation: "very adolescent has moreor less dicult tas) o ad!usting to somatic variation hich may occur in

connection ith puberty. %he ollo o blood during menstruation in girls and

nocturnal emission in boys creates orries and give birth to so many ears

and anxieties. 2ince ours is a conservative society, youngsters are less

inormed about the physical changes that are occurring during puberty. 4ac)


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o scienti$c inormation about sex hygiene and philosophy ma)e them to

satis$ed ith crude and perverted )noledge about sex related matters

"ro#lems related $it! intensi'cation of se-consciousness: %he

sudden aa)ening o sex instinct during adolescence results in

intensi$cation o sex consciousness. Adolescents are curious to )no aboutsex related topics and are see)ing ansers to their innumerable doubts in

sexual matters. 3n our country most o the parents are illiterate and they do

not have scienti$c )noledge o sex problems. 5oreover, our social values

are di+erent rom that o estern countries, and hence parents hesitate to

discuss sex problems ith their children. 2o the adolescents resort socially

unacceptable ays to 'uench their curiosity and to satisy their sexual

needs. %here is also the misguiding o print and electronic media that $nally

results in sexual malad!ustment in adolescents

Ad(ustment di)culties $it! parents: Adolescents have a strong orreedom and independence. 6ut oten it is obstructed by parental

oppositions. 3n 3ndian context, parental opposition may extend to such areas

as choices o riends, choice o education, recreational interests, dress, lie-

style, our o going rom and coming to the home, mode o behaviour etc. %he

confict beteen parental norms o behaviour and peer group relationships

oten lead to riction in the relationship and adolescents $nd it dicult to

ad!ust to the needs and demands o parents. 7ailure to ad!ust ith the

parents may result in revolting against parents and authority.

C!ild!ood-Adult!ood Con*ict: 3n our society, the adolescent is

considered as neither as a child nor as an adult. e has to depend his

parents and elders or his physical and emotional needs. 6ut at the same

time he ants to hold independent vies and opinions li)e an adult. e can

very ell manage his on a+airs and resist any unnecessary intererence

rom the part o elders. e begins to eel ashamed and embarrassed or the

protection and care shon by the parents. e is oten treated in an

ambiguous manner by parents and teachers. 2ometimes they expect him to

behave as an adult and at other times, they treat him as a child. %he poor

adolescent is caught beteen the role o the child and the adult, hich pushhim into conusion and tension.

Ad(ustment di)culties $it! sc!ool discipline : 5ost o the

adolescents ace a great problem in ad!usting ith school discipline. 2ome

times schools expects too much rom students ho must submit to teachers

ho may be tyrannical sometimes. 2chools should not implant habits o


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un'uestioning obedience that inhibits the groth o young people toards

true independence.

Ad(ustment di)culties $it! community: %he adolescent is

expected to $nd his place in a society mar)ed by increasing social isolation

and rapid technological changes. %his changing orld ma)e it dicult toanticipate and plan or adolescent lie. %hey have diculty in ad!usting their

capacity to the demands o the community. At this critical phase most

adolescents react by ithdraing into a non-demanding and non-or)ing

orld o pleasure and satisaction.

chap 2 adolescence

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