chap 15 – the theory of evolution charles darwin evidence for evolution mechanisms for evolution...

24
CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION • SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College . http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Upload: delphia-ryan

Post on 17-Jan-2016

218 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION

• CHARLES DARWIN• EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION• MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION• NATURAL SELECTION• SPECIATION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 2: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION

• CHARLES DARWIN• EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION• MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION• NATURAL SELECTION• SPECIATION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 3: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

CHARLES DARWIN – 1809-1882

• ENGLISH• TRAVELED AROUND THE WORLD ON THE

BEAGLE – FAMOUS IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS

• OBSERVED MANY SPECIES AND FOSSILS• WHY DID SOME SPECIES SURVIVE WHILE

OTHERS BECAME EXTINCT?• NATURAL SELECTION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

Page 4: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

I have called this principle, by whicheach slight variation, if useful, is preserved,

by the term Natural Selection.

  —Charles Darwin from "The Origin of Species"Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

www.darwinday.org/englishL/life/beagle.htUsed by permission of Darwin Day Celebration (at DarwinDay.org), 2006

www.darwinday.org/englishL/life/beagle.html

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 5: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION

• CHARLES DARWIN• EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION• MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION• NATURAL SELECTION• SPECIATION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 6: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

• STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS– MIMICRY– CAMOUFLAGE

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.phphttp://science.howstuffworks.com/animal-camouflage2.htm

Page 7: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

• STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS

– MIMICRY

– CAMOUFLAGE

– MILLIONS OF YEARS

• PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS

– CHANGE IN A METABOLIC PROCESS

– WHAT DO YOU HEAR ABOUT IN THE NEWS ABOUT SOME BACTERIA?

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

Page 8: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

WHAT OTHER INDUSTRIES WOULD BE WORRIED ABOUT RESISTANCE?

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 9: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

• FOSSILS

• ANATOMY

– HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 10: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

• FOSSILS

• ANATOMY

– HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

– ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 11: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

• FOSSILS

• ANATOMY

– HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

– ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES

– VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE

– EMBRYOS

WHAT IS ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES?

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 12: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

OTHER EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION

• FOSSILS

• ANATOMY

– HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES

– ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES

– VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE

– EMBRYOS

• BIOCHEMISTRY

– WHAT 2 THINGS?

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 13: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION

• CHARLES DARWIN• EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION• MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION• NATURAL SELECTION• SPECIATION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 14: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION

• DO POPULATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS EVOLVE?DO POPULATIONS OR INDIVIDUALS EVOLVE?• WHAT IS A GENE POOLWHAT IS A GENE POOL• HOW CAN THE GENE POOL CHANGE?HOW CAN THE GENE POOL CHANGE?

– MUTATIONMUTATION– GENETIC DRIFTGENETIC DRIFT– GENE FLOWGENE FLOW

• WOULD THESE THINGS EFFECT A LARGE POPULATION WOULD THESE THINGS EFFECT A LARGE POPULATION OR A SMALL POPULATION MORE?OR A SMALL POPULATION MORE?

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

Page 15: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

ALL IMAGES: http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 16: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION

• CHARLES DARWIN• EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION• MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION• NATURAL SELECTION• SPECIATION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 17: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

WHAT IS NATURAL SELECTION?

NOW IT’S YOUR TURN – DRAW STABILIZING, DIRECTIONAL AND DISRUPTIVE SELECTION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 18: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION

• CHARLES DARWIN• EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION• MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION• NATURAL SELECTION• SPECIATION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 19: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

WHAT IS SPECIATION?• GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATIONGEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

• REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATIONREPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 20: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

WHAT IS SPECIATION?

• GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATIONGEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

• REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATIONREPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION

• GRADUALISMGRADUALISM

• PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUMPUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

Page 21: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

WHAT IS SPECIATION?

• GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATIONGEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

• REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATIONREPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION

• GRADUALISMGRADUALISM

• PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUMPUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM

• DIVERGENT EVOLUTIONDIVERGENT EVOLUTION– ADAPTIVE RADIATIONADAPTIVE RADIATION

• CONVERGENT EVOLUTIONCONVERGENT EVOLUTION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

Page 22: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

ADAPTIVE RADIATION – AN EXAMPLE OF DIVERGENT EVOLUTION

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

http://www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/english/Clayton/Galapago_finches.gif

Page 23: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

CONVERGENT EVOLUTION – WHAT IS AN EXAMPLE?

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.

http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

Page 24: CHAP 15 – THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CHARLES DARWIN EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION MECHANISMS FOR EVOLUTION NATURAL SELECTION SPECIATION Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach

REFERENCES

• Biology: The Dynamics of Life; Glencoe 2004

• http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/home.php

• http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/evolution/index.html

• http://www.accessexcellence.org/AE/AEPC/WWC/1995/

• http://www.darwinday.org/englishL/life/beagle.html

• http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/index.html

• DR. LUE, LIFE SCIENCE-HHMI OUTREACH PPT.

Life Sciences-HHMI Outreach. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College.