chap. 13 and 14: the president and his powers. pg. 321 #2-5 pg. 326 #2-6 pg. 329 #2-5 pg. 334 #2-7...
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Chap. 13 and 14: The President and his Powers
The Executive Branch
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Pg. 321 #2-5Pg. 326 #2-6Pg. 329 #2-5Pg. 334 #2-7Pg. 339 #2-4Pg. 347 #2-6
Section Reviews
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Q1. What are the many roles a President must play?Chief Executive
runs government, calls armed forces, pardons criminals, negotiates treaties, appoints ambassadors
Chief of StateEntertains foreign leaders, speaks at charities,
approves monuments
Day 1: The President's Job Description
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Q2. What are the constitutional guidelines for qualifications and terms?Written
“natural born” citizenat least 35 y/oLived in U.S. at least 14 yrs.
Unwritten (based on tradition)Male, white, Christian, from well-to-do families,
well educated, married, from small rural town, military experience
Term2 term tradition set by George Washington22nd Amendment (after FDR)
2 term max (up to 10 years)
Day 1: The President's Job Description
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Q3. What is the President’s compensation?Salary=estab. by congress
$450,000/year$140,000/year for retirement$50,000 expense accountUse of jets, planes, white house, Camp DavidFree health care
Day 1: The President's Job Description
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Q1. What are the constitutional provisions for succession to the Presidency?Presidential Succession Act of 1947
Estab. line of successionPresident>Vice-Pres.>Speak of House>Members
of Cabinet
Day 2: Presidential Succession
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Q2. How is presidential disability determined and dealt with?25th Amendment=procedure to deal with sick
PresidentsThe V-P sits in if…
The President informs Congress in writingThe VP and majority of Cabinet members inform
Congress in writingPresident resumes power by writing to CongressThe VP and Cabinet can challenge the President
Day 2: Presidential Succession
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Q3. What is the status of the Vice President in history and today?In History…
VPs had no responsibilityOnly role was President of the SenateHelped campaignProtected in case President died
Today…Becomes chair of committeesTakes on issuesEntertains foreign leadersAdvises the President
Day 2: Presidential Succession
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Pg. 321 # 2-5Pg.326 #2-6
Assignment for Wednesday
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Q1. What did the Framers intend the electoral college to be?A way to cut back on calculating the popular
vote nationallyLeave it up to the states to count votes Put more informed voters (electors) into the
position of choosing a president“people are natuarally evil, brutish, etc.”
Day 3: The Framer's Plan
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Q2. What factors helped to transform the presidential selection process?Increase in communication technologyIncrease in print media
Day 3: The Framer's Plan
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Q3. How does the electoral college work today?Using the convention system (local, district,
state, etc.) state electors are chosenStates calculate the popular vote on election
dayBased on the # of representatives (HOR and
Senate), that is how many electors each state gets
Electors then vote (hopefully) how their state prefers (based on popular vote)
Day 3: The Framer's Plan
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Q4. What are the major criticisms of the electoral college?Goes against “one-person-one vote” principle
Idea that every vote is equally important and counted
President can win the popular vote, but lose the election
Independent electors=do not vote as the popular vote calls for (“faithless electors”)
Day 3: The Framer's Plan
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Q5. What are some of the proposals to revise the system?Proportional vote=# of popular votes=% of votes
40% must be reachedEncourages 3rd party candidatesDoes not balance large and small states
District Vote=an elector chosen for each districtTwo at-large electors per stateIncreases likelihood of gerrymanderingPopular vote still does not guarantee a win
Direct Vote=popular voteMost votes total wins electionA very small percentage can win the election
Day 3: The Framer's Plan
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Pg. 355 #2-4Pg. 360 #2-5Pg. 365 #2-5Pg. 368 #2-5Pg. 375 #2-5
Section Reviews
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Q1. What is the historic and ongoing debate over proper scope of president’s power?Article II of the Constitution sets out the
President’s powers:Command forces, make treaties, approve/veto bills,
grant pardonsFederalists vs. Anti-Federalists
Anti-federalists=against strong executiveConcerned will gain another tyrant of a king
Federalists=for a strong executive branchFelt only way to get government moving
Passage of Bill of Rights to appease both parties
Day 4: Presidential Power
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Q2. How has the President’s power grown over time?An individual interpretation of the Constitution
Liberal vs. Strict ConstructivistLiberal=loose interpretation, doesn’t say I can’t so I
willStrict=if it doesn’t say I can, then I won’t
An increase in the complexity of societyNeeds for welfare, more services, etc.Increase in national emergencies
Day 4: Presidential Power
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Q3. What is the scope of the President’s executive powers?Domestic Powers=what happens inside US borders
Executive Orders=rules issued by President to enforce laws
(3 strike)Has an expiration date
Appoint Federal OfficialsAmbassadors, judges, cabinet members, bureau chiefs,
military officersUsually friends of President
Executive Privilege=right to withhold info. from courts, Congress, etc.Criminal cases do not countFor security purposes
Day 4: Presidential Power
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Q4. How does the President exercise these powers?Umbrella Version vs. Ladder Version
Day 4: Presidential Power
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Q1. What is the scope of the President’s diplomatic powers?Diplomatic Powers=authority to speak for the
U.S.Appoints ambassadorsRecognizes foreign governmentsMakes treaties
Day 5: Diplomatic and Military Power
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Q2. What is the scope of the President’s military powers?Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces
Appoints military officersApproves military action
ProblemsCongress in control of $“Undeclared Wars” (Korea, Vietnam)War Powers Act of 1973
President cannot send troops into combat areas unless… Congress declares war Law authorizes action National emergency
Must notify Congress w/in 48 hours Only allowed to last 60 days
Day 5: Diplomatic and Military Power
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Q1. What is the scope of the President’s legislative and judicial powers?Legislative
Forms the agenda of Congress thru the State of the Union Speech
Economic Report that states unemployment, inflation,etc.Budget Message of expected income/expenditures
JudicialAppoints judgesPardons crimesAmnesty=political pardon to whole groups
Spending“lump sum” funds for emergenciesImpoundment=President refusing to spend $ approved by
Congress
Day 6: Legislative and Judicial Powers
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Q1. What are some of the key components of the Executive Office?Brownlow Commission
Commission on administrative managementInvestigated President’s need for staff
Reorganization Act of 1939Brought agencies together to form the Executive
officeResponse to Brownlow CommissionIncreased presidential staff by 1,000%
Day 7: The Cabinet
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Q2. How has the current cabinet evolved?In History…
Not mentioned in the ConstitutionProduct of custom and usage4 member cabinet in the beginning
Today…Expanded to 14 members, all heads of departmentsvP has become head of…Typically friends of the President, but also experts
Day 7: The Cabinet
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Q3. How are cabinet members selected?Experts First…
Due to approval needed by the SenateHeld accountable in times of crisis that relate to
their departmentFriends Second…
President must be comfortable with cabinet since first line of communication with their field of expertise
Campaign contributors, loyal backers, etc.Less and less there is a concern with being of the
same party
Day 7: The Cabinet
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Pg. 351 Main Ideas-All Evens
Pg. 379Main Ideas-All Odds
Chapter Review Assignment: