chap 1 - introduction to biology
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
What is BIOLOGY?
BIOLOGY - study of life and living organisms
- branch of natural sciences
Greek word : bios life logos knowledge
Traditionally, biology has been divided into
i. Zoology the study of animals
ii. Botany the study of plants
iii. Microbiology the study of microorganisms
- bacteriology (bacteria), virology (virus), mycology (fungi),
phycology (algae), protozoology (protozoa)
iv. Cell and molecular biology
v. Ecology
vi. Genetic
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Anatomy - the structure of the organisms
Morphology - external structure
Physiology - how organisms function
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Cytology - structure and function of cells
Genetics - studies on heredity or genes
Molecular biology - studies on structure and properties ofmolecules in cells
Biochemistry - chemical function in organisms
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What is LIFE?
i. Life is an absolute trait of the living.
ii. Life is a condition when the organism is not dead.
iii. Life is a condition which differentiates animals and
plants from the non-living matter.
iv. Life is a system that succeeds in solving its energy
problems
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Characteristics of LIFE
CellOrganization
Reproduce
Metabolize
and grow
Feed
Respire
Excrete their
waste
Respond to
their surrounding
Motile
Control their
Internal condition
Able to
evolve
and adapt
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Properties of LIFE
Order Reproduction Growth and development
Response
Energy
Homeostasis
Evolutionary adaptation
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Organizational Levels of Life
Atom - the chemical
of building blocks of
all matter
Organelle - One of
several formed bodies
with specialized
functions, suspended
in the cytoplasm of
eukaryotic cell
Molecule - a chemical
structure consisting of
two or more chemical
units called atoms
Cells - Lifes
fundamental unit
of structure and
function
Tissue - An integrated
group of cells with a
common function,
structure or both
Organ - A specialized
center of body function
composed of several
different types of tissue
Organ System A group of
organs that work together in
performing vital body function
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Classification Hierarchy of Organism
- The formal system of naming, cataloguing and describingorganisms
- Created by Swedish botanist : Carolus Linnaeus (1785) known
asBinomial Classification
Example:Homo sapiens ; Homo sapiens
1. In Latin
2. Consists of a pair of names: the first genus, second species
3. Must be written in italic or underlined4. The first word begins with capital letter
The second word- begins with small letter
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Classification Hierarchy
of Organism
Hierarchical Classification
In addition to identifying and
naming species, a major objective
of systematic is to group species
into broader taxonomic categories.
Basic unit of classification for an
organism is species.
Species an individual population
with similar structures, functions
and have to ability to interbreed.
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Classification of Organisms
Taxonomist classify organisms by sorting then into groups
according to traits that reveal phylogenetic relationship.