Channelling Popular Discontent:Holocaust

Where did Anti-semitism come from?

● Jews spread through Europe during the middle ages

● Jews were often isolated within the communities○ Very faithful to their religion○ Faith in their religion helped ensure they were

fairly educated● Often had to be quite mobile for various

reasons● As rights increased for everyone and also

increased for the jewish people○ Leading to further integration within the

community

Anti-semitic origins

● Jews were looked at as Jesus killer/God killer● Jew were often involved with money lending

○ Europeans would blame the Jews for taking their money from them(swindling them)

○ Often Jews were expelled by lords/monarchs when they couldn’t pay back their loans to the Jews

● Martin Luther○ “Set fire to their synagogues or schools

● 19th century - Jews were used to change and were relatively educated○ With the rise of the middle class often Jews

were able to easily integrate into these positions

○ Europeans looked at this as a threat○ Jews became the backbone of European

middle class

Influential Thinkers behind Hitler’s Anti-SemitismJohann Fichte “Letter to the German Nation” (1762-1814)

● Law of blood to be part of a nation● You can’t join a nation, you must be born into

a nation (Point 4 on Nazi 25 points)● Against Jews gaining civil rights

Edouard Drumont ‘The Jewish France’ (1844-1917)

● Thought Jews were building a state within a state(Anti-nationalists)

● He helps develop that there is a greater international plan

● Jewish race ‘scientifically’ has negative characteristics

Influential Thinkers behind Hitler’s Anti-Semitism

Arthur de Gobineau(1816-1882)

● Wrote about how there are higher races and lower races

● Uses ‘scientific’ theory to prove that the aryan race is the master race

● Believe Aristocrats were in their position because of the purity of their aryan genetics

● This corresponds with the Nazi racial theories and their belief in the great man theory

Jews Before the Holocaust

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLlcWU5WTVvWEMwZE0/preview

Nuremberg Laws

September 1935

● Jews excluded from citizenship● Prohibited from marrying or having sexual

relations with Germans● Judaism was no longer a religion it was a

racial characteristic● Non-practicing jews still included as their

blood was jewish● ID cards had J put on them to signify them

being Jewish

German Races:

● Nordic Race● Falic Race● Welsh Race

Public Shaming

Austrian Jews after anschlusse

Kristallnacht

November 9/10 1938

● A jew killed a german ambassador in France○ Goebels uses this event to inspire rage

throughout society● SA and Hitler Youth were involved with

breaking shops windows, looted shops, burning down synagogues, public beatings

● Police were informed not to act○ Also instructed to jail young healthy jews

■ 30,000 arrested■ Moved to concentration camps

● Firefighters ensured the burning of synagogues didn’t spread to other buildings

● Jews were blamed for the destruction and fined 1 billion marks

Ghettoization of Jews

● As the Nazi’s gain ground throughout Europe they establish Ghetto’s for the Jewish populations

● Ghettos were enclosed over crowded areas● Vast majority of inhabitant would die from

disease, starvation, or from being deported to a death camp.

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLlLVhZcjBnSmVFcEk/preview

Final Solution

● The plan to get rid of the European Jewish population

● Extensively planned● Carried out by Nazi Einsatzgruppen and local

contributors● The extensive use of concentration camps

and then death camps● Towards the end of the war Hitler seems

more committed to killing the Jews even amidst defeat.○ Ramping up the train shipments○ Death camps running constantly trying to

maximize death

Dina Beilter

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLlcTRZY0xVc2xJUjA/preview

Tibi Ram

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLlQ1FIRUFTM19mSlk/preview

Ambulance

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzxidXqH7uLldl9RZVFVQ2drQWs/preview

Nicholas Winton

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B7AhE4HWVbUXTURsZ243WGNEa1k/preview