Changing Catholicism

Note Entry #43

Redefining Catholicism

• The Catholic Church decided it needed to reform because it was losing people to the Protestant religions.

• Losing people meant losing money and power.

• Pope Paul III established comission to write a report on the condition of the Church.

• The Commission stated that the Church leaders were the cause of the problems.

The Council of Trent

• Was a meeting of the Bishops of the Catholic Church.

• They wanted to clearly state and defend Catholic teaching (doctrine).

• Their purpose was not to change the Church but to reform it and revitalize it.

What did the Council decide?

• All priests would have to go to seminary

• Salvation = Faith + good works

• To end the sale of indulgences

• Increased focus on music and art

• Only the Church could interpret the Bible

• Masses would only be said in Latin.

How did the Church enforce these rulings?

• The Inquisition– A group of priest ordered by the Catholic Church

to try heretics.• They wanted to return power to the Pope.

• The results of the Inquisition were:• Renewed authority of the Pope among Catholics• Purging of non-Catholics in Italy• First Index (Codex) of prohibited books.

How did the Catholic Church grow during the Renaissance?• 1. The Church was reformed.• 2. Missionaries were used to regain

lands that were once Catholic.

Who helped spread Catholicism?Ignatius of Loyola Spanish noble

who became a priest

He established the Jesuits.

The Jesuits

• Were a monastic order of monks and priests

• They started in Europe and spread out to:» Japan India China» Brazil Ethiopia

• They were teachers and

healers as well as

missionaries.

Results of the Reformation

• There were Protestants in Northern Europe.

– There were Anglicans in England.– There were Calvinists in Scotland.

• The Catholic Church lost power but did not vanish.

• Increased tensions about religion also resulted in intolerance and persecution.

• Between 1450 and 1750, tens of thousands were killed as witches, especially in the German states, Switzerland, and France. Most were women.

• Belief in witchcraft represented twin beliefs in Christianity and magic. Witches were seen as agents of the devil and thus anti-Christian.

• Jews faced increasing persecution and restrictions during the Reformation.• They were expelled from Spain in 1492.

• In 1516, Venice ordered Jews to live in a separate part of the city called a ghetto.

• Luther called for their

expulsion from the north.• In the 1550s, the Pope

added new restrictions