Changes to the class… What people said:

Most things were 50/50 (Socratic Seminars, projects, groups, etc)

From your suggestions…

You may choose which style of notes you take in class (Cornell, outline, etc)

I will ask for an answer to the OBJECTIVE at the end of class Changes to the Basics:

NO more significant statements required!

Imperialism“The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of

dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that

nation.”

Why did Europeans believe they should/could take over countries around the world? What were their motives?

Is Imperialism MORE beneficial or MORE harmful to the country being taken over? List pros and cons and then answer the question.

What is the difference between an Imperialism and Colonialism?

What is the difference between an Imperialism and Colonialism?

Imperialism: " the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies."

Colonialism: "the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory, or people."

In other words…

Colonialism can be considered a type of Imperialism.

Why did countries imperialize?

Why did countries imperialize?

1. Political Reasons 2. Economic Reasons 3. Exploratory Reasons 4. Religious Reasons 5. Ideological Reasons

*Why did countries imperialize?1. Political ReasonsBalance of Power

PrestigeMilitary victories (heroic)

2. Economic Reasons

Industrialization: Need raw materials new markets/

opportunitiesCheap Labor Investment

Opportunities

3. Exploratory Reasons

AdventureHuntingExploringMedical

ResearchScientific

Research

4. Religious Reasons

Christianize the “savages” Why did the Europeans think

the Africans were savages?

Protect the missionaries Bring civilization so that

the Africans could understand Christianity

5. Ideological Reasons The belief that the

Europeans were superior to other cultures (social Darwinism) When Europeans arrived

and Africans did not want Industrialization, the Europeans assumed it was because the Africans were lesser than the Europeans

Europeans viewed other people as children (Paternalism)

Social Darwinism and “White Man’s Burden”“Social Darwinism”

A Pseudo (fake) science stolen from the ideas of Charles Darwin

Charles Darwin argued that there was a “survival of the fittest” on Earth and some animals were better at adapting than others

Social Darwinism (racist idea) agued that Europeans had advanced technologically—so therefore Europeans were better

“White Man’s Burden”

Believed that it was the “White Man’s Burden” to bring “civilization” to the world

Take up the White Man's burden—Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exileTo serve your captives' need;To wait in heavy harness,On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples,Half-devil and half-child.Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide,To veil the threat of terror and check the show of pride;By open speech and simple,An hundred times made plainTo seek another's profit, and work another's gain.Take up the White Man's burden--And reap his old reward:The blame of those ye better,The hate of those ye guard--The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!)

toward the light:--"Why brought he us from bondage,Our loved Egyptian night?”

Questions from the poem

1.How does he refer to a Colonist?

2.What does he think of the intellectual ability of a Colonist?

3.Why would the people the Imperialists “bettered” blame the Imperialists?

4.Why would those who are “guarded” by the kind Imperialists be hateful towards them?

How?How did the Industrialized countries

like England take over other countries around the world?

Inventions

TransportationTrains speed of 35

m.p.h

Steamships

Weapons

Maxim Gun, first automatic machine gun fired hundreds of

bullets per minute

Communication

TelegraphLay wire on sea

floor to connect countries

Medicine Quinine, protects

against malariaMalaria was called

the “White mans’ grave”

People who lived there got sick, which lead to immunity

Quinine does not cure-it is a protection

Made from sap from a tree in S. America

                  

Cinchona

Make a chart like this in your notes (full sheet of paper)

Economic Political Religious Exploratory Ideological

Africa

China

India

Africa

Fill out Africa Map

Africa before Imperialists

Diversity!over 1,000 languagesVillages AND empires large Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist

religionsAdvanced trade systems all across Africa Advanced farming, tool building and hunting

techniques

Guess: What kind of government systems did they have?

The West Coast of Africa Known by Europeans as the “gold” coast Had over 25 kingdoms/city-states spread

throughout the coast Trade between kingdoms was an important part of the

economyAlso had trade agreements with Sudanese in Eastern Africa

Some tribal warfare existed The Kingdom of Ghana at one time was one of the

wealthiest in the world!

Europeans enter the scene 1400’s (AD)

They only could build forts on the coasts because of disease and strong African armies

Wanted slaves and refueling stations to reach Asia

El Mina Slave Castle

Play movie clip

European_Imperialism_in_Africa

(DHS-Unit 4-Imperialism in Africa)

http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9539-when-civilizations-end-european-imperialism-in-africa-

video.htm

Explorers enter Africa first: Dr. David Livingstone

Goal= bring “Christianity, commerce and civilization”

Took 3 trips into the interior of Africa between 1841-73 Wrote travel-adventure books

Made Africa into an adventure area

Henry Stanley Newspaper writer sent in to “find”

Livingstone

Teamed up with King Leopold II of Belgium to extract resources from the CongoOriginally said their goal was to bring

Western Civilization to AfricaEnded up enslaving the Congolese people

Scramble for Africa

Scramble for Africa

Started by King Leopold II of Belgium

Conquered the Congo Basin, to “end slave trade”

But…brutally forced Africans to collect wild rubber

Leopold and the Congo

Rubber became the #1 resource extracted from the CongoWhy was this needed in Europe?

Leopold did this ALONE without the backing of BelgiumHis corporation went bankrupt (yet he remained rich)

To get out of debt he borrowed money from the Belgium government and in return they would inherit the land of the Congo when he died.

$$$$ Wealth discovered—minerals

and cash crops Minerals (Gold, Diamonds, Tin,

Copper, Uranium, etc.) Diamonds in South Africa in 1867 Gold in South Africa in 1886

Cash Crops (Peanuts, Palm oil, rubber, tobacco, cocoa, etc.)

What is the problem with cash crops?

Rivalry

All of the Industrialized European countries “dash” to claim their land in Africa

Berlin Conference Fearing a war Otto Von

Bismarck sets up Berlin Conference of 1884-1885

set up rules for nations to divide up Africa1. colonies had to be "effectively occupied".

1. not enough simply to put up a flag and say the region was yours.

2. had to defend and administer the area

Goal of Berlin Conference was to SLOW down the Scramble for Africa… but it actually caused it to increase!

By 1913, only Ethiopia and Liberia were free of Europe

Play video clip

Congo

African Resistance

Most Africans did not have advanced methods What were their tactics?

Running away, refusing to work, sabotages, and violence

Successful Resistance Menelik II of Ethiopia (oldest

Christian Nation in the world) Played the Italians, British and

French against each other Bought modern weapons from

Russia and France Discovered that a treaty was

misleading declared war on Italy in 1896

Ethiopia wins war and remains independent until WWII

Positive Effects of Imperialism

Reduced local warfare improved sanitation Hospitals and Schools Economic growth (telegraphs, railways,

etc.) United in their hatred towards

Europeans people live longer

Negative Effects lost lands, lost lives (to warfare and

diseases) Cash crops caused famine destruction of cultures Destruction of traditional borders Independence is taken away from the

native people

Was it worth it??

Results of Imperialism in Africa Most of these nations remained under European control

until the 1960s, some as late as the 1990’s

Once independent they faced many problems: Crazy borders that divide resources & populations Many ethnic groups in one nation Little infrastructure Corruption and dependency on imports