changes in the free atmosphere
DESCRIPTION
Changes in the Free Atmosphere. Current Weather Data Sources Weather Balloons Tropospheric and Stratospheric Temperatures Tropopause Height For Next Class: Read IPCC AR4 Ch. 3 (pp. 280-295). Data Sources for Analyzing Tropospheric Temperature Trends. Radiosondes - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Changes in the Free Atmosphere
• Current News and Weather• Finish Drought• Data Sources• Weather Balloons• Tropospheric and Stratospheric
TemperaturesFor Next Class: Read IPCC AR5 Ch. 2 (pp. 223-235)
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Data Sources for Analyzing Tropospheric Temperature Trends
RadiosondesFrom 2x daily upper air soundingsBegan in 1940s regionally, 1958 globally
Satellite Microwave Sounding UnitConverts measures of microwave emissions to temperatureData available since 1978
Global Reanalysis DataFrom numerical models
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Weather Balloon Videohttps://vimeo.com/15091562https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDIYX_kj0iE
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Atmospheric Soundings
dew point temperature wind speed/directiondew point temperature wind speed/direction
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Andes Balloon Release
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Andes Balloon Releasehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_6iQkwF9KA
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Quelccaya Sounding: 0000 UTC 6 November 2014
cloud layer
ground
surface inversion
stratospheretropopause
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The Tropopause
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Vertical Weighting Functions and Tropopause Variations
LT = Lower Tropospheric TemperatureMT = Middle TroposphereLS = Lower Stratosphere
Dashed line = radiosonde height
contribution of altitude on the temperature detected by satellites
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Observed Surface and Upper Air TemperatureAnomalies: 1950-2005
Stratosphere has cooled, but troposphere and surface
have warmed.
Major volcanic eruptions warmthe stratosphere, but cool the
troposphere and surface.
Altitude
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Global and Tropical Trends in Atmospheric Temperatures
linear trends from variety of sources (radiosondes, satellites, reanalysis)
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Linear Tropospheric Temperature Trends
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Temperature Anomalies
Relative to 1981-2010 Climatology
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MSU 1979-2012 trends (black ‘+’ indicate statistical significance)
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Radiosonde 1958-2012 Upper Air Trends
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Radiosonde and MSU 1979-2012 Upper Air Trends
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Linear Trends of Precipitable
Water
Global-Mean Anomalies
Relative to 1988-2004 Period
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Linear Trends of Upper-
Tropospheric Water
Global-Mean Anomalies
Relative to 1982-2004 Period