change in the arts - davis school district · change in the arts how the image of man is seen in...
TRANSCRIPT
CHANGE IN THE ARTSHow the image of Man
is seen in art throughout the ages
SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity
Cave paintings in Chauvet France, made 33,000 years ago
SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity
Upper Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) Circa 20,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
The Great Hall of the Bulls, Lascaux France
SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity
Prehistoric Cave Art The Stone Age man
invented representation which was the foundation of art., Art for them was utilitarian, serving magical or religious purposes.
Lascaux France
SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity
Survival Hunger
Lascaux France
SURVIVAL MANThe figure of Necessity
The image of man is small, rarely seen, unimportant.
Animals are larger, more important.
ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic
Stonehenge England
ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic
Neolithic age (New Stone Age)
Circa 10,000 BCE– 4,000 BCE
Sun Pyramid Teotihuacán
Temple of the Jaguar
ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic
The Ancient worlds The beginnings of
civilization currently is dated as 8,000BCE and located in what is now called the Near East. Many countries rose and fell during this time. There are distinctly separate styles plus the lingering styles of past cultures with which they came into contact. It is complex and little understood art period.
Idol Usvyaty Russia Pskov Region, 2nd
millenium BC, Elk horn H 9.3 cm
ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic
Forces of nature Life Death Famine Disease War Fertility Bounty Harvest
Stonehenge England
Ubirr Rock, Arnhem Land, Australia.
Ancestral spirit figure, from Arnhem Land, Australia. circa 7-9,000 bc
Art was used to control:
ANCESTRAL MANThe figure of Magic
The image of man is used to control life, death, elements, fertility etc.
Ceremonial figures, idols, masks, totems, charms.
The human figure is a simplified form.
Venus of Willendorfc. 24,000-22,000 BCE 43/8 inches (11.1 cm) high
Terracotta "goddess" figure from the Jordan Valley, c.6000 bce.
ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality
Pyramids Giza Egypt
ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality
Bronze Age Circa 3,500 BCE – 1,100 AD
ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality
Egyptian Art Egyptian art was
unique in that for 2,500 years it stayed the same. That sameness as dictated by their geographical isolation and their religious philosophy concerning the passage of life through death to immortality.
ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality
Discovery of seeds Domestication and
herding of animals Knowledge of
seasons Development of a
calendar Working with metal
tools Nature gods Organized religious
practices Belief in an afterlife
ETERNAL MANThe figure of immortality
The human form is stable, developed, semi naturalistic, formal static, closed contours (outlined), symmetrical.
Made of durable stone and metals.
Placed in temples, shrines, sanctuaries.
2-dimentional Decoration of symbols
that reveal bounty of plants, crops, fertility, power and capacity in war.
King Tutankhamen
IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection
The Nike
IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection
Age of Idealism, Greek and Roman Civilizations
circa 900 BCE – 450 AD
The goddess Aphrodite stands before a man weighing a pair of Erotes (winged love-gods) on the scales of fate (a so-called erostasia). One of these is Eros (Love proferred) and the other Anteros (Love returned).
IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection
Greek art Greek art, like Greek people, was the product of the
intermingling of several cultures which evolved and developed. Two constants in their art were their philosophy of humanism and their love of nature.
Roman art
Metropolitan Museum of Art
IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection
Humanism, the individual becomes important in society.
Democratic society and government. Trade, Greece as a maritime power-
contact with other cultures. Love of nature Man’s coexistence with the gods. Religion changes from the worship of
gods to the worship of attributes and virtues.
Zeus bust and The Temple of Zeus
IDEAL MANThe figure of perfection
Living Realistic Mathematical
proportions Human form is
personalized God-like ideals Graceful, elegant,
serenity Dignity Heroic attributes,
athletic 3-dimentional Dynamic Balanced
Hades sits enthroned in the underworld, holding a bird-tipped staff and plate. Beside him stands Persephone, leaning on a four-tipped Eleusinian staff and holding a wreath.
MORAL MANThe figure of Piety
MORAL MANThe figure of Piety
The Middle Ages in Europe
Circa 500 AD –1400 AD
MORAL MANThe figure of Piety
Early Medieval Art Romanesque Art Gothic Art
MORAL MANThe figure of Piety
Fall of the Roman Empire left Europe in a state of anarchy and decay.
Medieval culture, rise of feudalism.
The majority of people are uneducated.
Christianity. Good vs. Evil, heaven
and hell. Final Judgment. Life after death.
MORAL MANThe figure of Piety
All art is commissioned and supervised by the Catholic church.
Man as a reflection of God.
Man in spiritual and emotional torment or religious ecstasy.
Found in cathedral niches, portals, altars, stained glass and manuscripts.
UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Passion
Leonardo da Vinci, Vitruvian man
UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Passion
Age of Humanism, Renaissance Era
circa 1,400 AD – 1,800 AD
Michelangelo Buonnaroti Pieta
UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Passsion
Italian Renaissance Art (Florence and Rome)
Mannerism and Venetian Renaissance
Renaissance in Northern Europe
UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Passion
Christian scholastic learning. Greek and Roman culture. Idealism, Rationalism, Individualism. Growth of Science, invention exploration, Naturalism. Awareness of nature as the work of God, man’s place in
nature.
Michelangelo Buonnorati Sistine ceiling
Michelangelo The Last Judgement
Leonardo da Vinci sketches
UNIVERSAL MANThe figure of Personality
The human form is perfected to Greek and Roman ideals
Correct anatomical form 3-dimentional Symmetry, balance Form symbolized life as it
might be, with emotive power, writhing energy, solidity, endurance beyond ordinary human experience, hope and passion.
A Renaissance man is someone who is well versed in all forms of learning, science, literature, arts, mathematics etc.
Michelangelo David (detail) and The Captive
INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality
Jean Fragonard The Swing French Baroque
INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality
Age of Enlightenment
1,600 AD –1,800 AD
Diego Valaques Las Meninas Spanish Baroque
INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality
Baroque• Italian• French• Spanish• Flemish• Dutch• English
Rococo Neo-
ClassicismRembrandt van Rijn The Night Watch
Dutch Baroque
INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality
Growing nationalism Rise of the middle class
(distribution of wealth) Growth of Mercantilism Increasing reliance on
rational thought Increase in the
importance of the individual
The Reformation Crisis between Royal
power and religious authorities (The Three Musketeers)
Exploration Scientific progress Invention
Artemisia Gentileschi Judith beheading Holofernes
Italian Baroque
William Hogarth The Strode Family
English Baroque
INDIVIDUAL MANThe figure of Personality
Portraiture establishes man in context with his possessions.
Landscapes develops as a background.
Female appears as real not idealized, an emotional living form.
All classes appear in imagery. Chiaroscuro technique,
luminous. Man in the moment of activity. Motion and vitality of human
personality. Spontaneous vs. controlled
balance. Non-formal Sincere Sympathetic
Frans Hals Jonker Ramp and His Sweetheart
Dutch Baroque
PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos
Caspar David Freidrich Wayfarer in a Sea of Fog
Pathos: The quality that arouses feelings of pity, sorrow, compassion and suffering.
PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos
Industrial Age circa 1,800 AD
– 1,900 ADConstable Golding Constable’s Kitchen Garden
Beirstadt Yosemite
PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos
Romanticism – Ideas and hopes reflected in nature, nature as inspiration.
Realism – show the human condition, struggle against adversity, seeks the beauty of the inner person. Image of the common place.
Impressionism and Post Impressionism –Man as a gesture, tells of ease and relaxation, responsive to leisure, bystanders and spectators.
Inness Sunset, Etretat
PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos
Rationalism Free thought Scientific and
social progress Machine age Industrialism New
techniques in communication
Commercial expansion, competition between nations and social classes
Invention of the camera
Conservatism and rebellion
Snowstorm
Burial at SeaJ. M. W. Turner
The Slave Ship
PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos
Portraits Human figure
minimized in the landscape
Landscape and still life become important to reassure, give stability, order and security. The need for this reflects the burden man has to bear.
Frederic Bazille The Pink Dress
PERSONAL MANThe figure of Pathos
Desire for respect Maintain personal
dignity Espouse libertarian
views Work without
restraint Sought release in
rebellion Isolation in personal
self torture and exile Bohemianism Exclusion in
intellectual withdrawal and emotional fantasy
Pierre Bonnard Signac and friends
Paul Gauguin Woman with Mango
ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection
Robert Motherwell Elegy to the Spanish Republic #34
ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection
Technical –Scientific –Analytical Age, The Modern Era
Twentieth Century to Present time
Wasilly Kandinsky Riding Couple
Duchamp Nude Descending a Staircase
ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection
Modernism in the Arts to 1945 Fauvism Cubism Expressionism DADAism Surrealism Constructivism De Stijl Futurist Art Nouveau Bauhaus
Picasso Afficionado
Madamoiselles de Avignon
We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie that makes us realize the truth, at least the truth that is given to us to understand.- Pablo Picasso
Salvidor Dali Watches
ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection
Arts today 1945 – Present Abstract
Expressionism Pop Art Color Field Photo Realism Conceptual Art Minimalism Earthworks
Andy Goldsworthy
Williem De Kooning Woman
Richard Estes Post Office
ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection
Napoleon defeated Germany occupied
France, WWII France as center
for New Modernism
Invention and technological growth
Nationalist power Revolution Artist sought
refuge within self Objectivity gives
way to subjectivity Images turn to
symbolsJackson Pollock Full Fathom Five
Jackson Pollock Number 8, 1949
ANALITICAL MANThe figure of Introspection
Human image becomes a symbol – The human form all but disappears. A dissection of the human form.
Images have power to project inner states of being in expressive form.
Reaction to emotional experiences-tension, irritation, annoyance, fear, frustration, anguish.
Analytical study of relationships of the elements and principles of art to create design.
These projections can take on a number of visual images/symbols known to us as modern art.
Georges Braque Woman and Guitar
In the continuing struggle for expression change is a constant. Often occurring as a reaction to what came before. There are two ways our minds understand the world. We often go back and forth between the two in order to make sense of the happenings in our world.