chan wei lim zhong hui tan hong you m4. laminar flow also known as streamline flow occurs when the...
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Chan WeiLim Zhong HuiTan Hong You
M4
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Laminar flowAlso known as
streamline flowOccurs when
the fluid flows in parallel layers, with no disruption between the layers
The opposite of turbulent flow (rough)
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Laminar flowIn fluid dynamics (scientific study of
properties of moving fluids), laminar flow is:A flow regime characterized by high
momentum diffusion, low momentum convection, pressure and velocity independent from time.
*momentum diffusion refers to the spread of momentum (diffusion) between particles of substances, usually liquids
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Laminar flowLaminar flow over a flat
and horizontal surface can be pictured as consisting of parallel and thin layers
Layers slide over each other, thus the name ‘streamline’ or smooth.
The paths are regular and there are no fluctuations
Laminar Flow
TurbulentFlow
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Laminar flow3 Conditions
fluid moves slowlyviscosity is relatively highflow channel is relatively small
Blood flow through capillaries is laminar flow, as it satisfies the 3 conditions
Most type of fluid flow is turbulentThere is poor transfer of heat energy!
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Turbulent flowUsually occurs when the
liquid is moving fastThe flow is ‘chaotic’ and
there are irregular fluctuations
Includes:Low momentum diffusionhigh momentum convectionrapid variation of pressure
and velocity of the fluidGood way to transfer
thermal energy
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Turbulent FlowThe speed of the fluid at a point is
continuously undergoing changes in both magnitude and direction.
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Examples of turbulenceOceanic and atmospheric layers and ocean
currentsExternal flow of air/water over vehicles such as
cars/ships/submarinesIn racing cars, e.g. leading car causes
understeer at fast cornersTurbulence during air-plane’s flightMost of terrestrial atmospheric circulationFlow of most liquids through pipes
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Reynold’s numberA dimensionless number in fluid mechanicsDynamic Pressure : Shearing StressThus, it quantifies the relative importance of these
two types of forces for given flow conditions.
Arises when performing analysis of fluid dynamics Can be used to determine dynamic similitude in
such cases. Concept used in the testing of models, e.g. testing miniature airplanes/submarines
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Dynamic Pressure + Shearing StressDynamic Pressure
The pressure of a fluid which results from its motion
Formula:
Shearing StressMeasure of the
force of friction from a fluid acting on a body in the path of that fluid
Formula: Fluid Density
Fluid Velocity
Weight Density of Water
Average water depth
WaterSurfaceSlope
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Reynold’s numberFlow in a pipe or liquid
μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid
v is the kinematic velocity of the fluid
A is the pipe cross-sectional area.
p is the density of the fluid V is the mean fluid velocity D is the diameterQ is the volumetric flow
rate
Dynamic Pressure
Shearing Stress
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Reynold’s numberThe Reynold’s number can be used to
determine if a flow is laminar, transient or turbulent
Laminar when Re < 2300 Turbulent when Re > 4000Transient when 2300 < Re < 4000
Spermatozoa 1×10−4
Blood flow in brain 1×102
Blood flow in aorta 1×103
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Acknowledgementshttp://www.geo.wvu.edu/~jtoro/geol101/
streams/laminar%20flow.jpg http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/
topic/328742/laminar-flow http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laminar_flow http://www.answers.com/topic/laminar-flow http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/files/
imagecache/feature/files/20071217_physics.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turbulent_flow#Examples_of_turbulence
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Acknowledgementshttp://anordinarymom.files.wordpress.com/
2008/11/airplane-turbulence-copy.gif http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/reynolds-
number-d_237.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Dynamic_similitude http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/reynolds-
number-d_237.html