Presentation on

Plagiarism: What It Is And How

Can You Avoid It

By:

Yashwant Singh Patel,

Asst. Professor,

Department of Computer Science

CHAMELI DEVI SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING

Outline

What It Is

o Terminology

o Legal Implications

o Types of Plagiarism

How to Avoid It

o Methods

How to Detect It

o Detection Tools

o Papermills & Essay Sites

o Popular Commercial Tools

o Free Plagiarism Websites

Conclusion

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Possible Reasons For Rejection Of Any Paper

o It fails the technical screening. (Suspected to be Plagiarized)

o It does not fall within the Aims and Scope.

o It's incomplete.

o The procedures or analysis of the data is seen to be defective.

o The conclusions cannot be justified on the basis of the rest of

the paper.

o It's is simply a small extension of a different paper, often from

the same authors.

o It's incomprehensible.

o It's boring.

Source: By Peter Thrower, PhD, Editor In Chief, Elsevier

http://www.elsevier.com/connect-reasons-i-rejected-your-article 7/4/2015 2

7/4/2015 3

Main Reasons People May Choose Not To Check

Plagiarism

4 7/4/2015

Too Time-Consuming

Too Expensive

Software Is Difficult To Use

Confidence In Originality Of Work

Other

Not An Issue In My Work

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8%

7%

22%

12%

21%

19%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Other

Software is difficult to use

Not an issue in my work

Confidence in originality of work

Too time-consuming

Too expensive

Source: 2012 Survey Highlights-Scholarly Cable (WWW.ITHENTICATE.COM)

What Is The Main Reason People May Choose Not

To Check Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the act of stealing someone else's work

and attempting to "pass it off" as your own. This can

apply to anything, from term papers to photographs

to songs, even ideas!

American Association of University Professors

(September/October, 1989).

Terminology: Plagiarism

o Is it against the law?

o How is it applied at the college level?

o ULM's policy is very clear for the offenses.

Legal Implications

Common Types of Plagiarism

o Paraphrasing without giving credits to the original source.

o Quoting less than what has been copied.

o Creating a paper by cutting and pasting phrases, sentences, or

paragraphs from other publications.

o Working on an individual assignment with a partner and turning

in identical answers.

7/4/2015 8 Source: Based on Robert A. Harris’ Plagiarism Handbook: Strategies for Preventing, Detecting,

and Dealing with Plagiarism. Los Angeles, CA: Pyrczak Publishing, 2001.

Desperate Types of Plagiarism

o Copy an entire article from the Web or a subscription online

database.

o Download a free research paper from the Web.

o Buy a paper from a commercial paper mill.

o Fake a citation to get by so as to meet the deadline.

o Use a paper with permission from a friend who took the same

course or chose the same research topic.

7/4/2015 9 Source: Based on Robert A. Harris’ Plagiarism Handbook: Strategies for Preventing, Detecting

, and Dealing with Plagiarism. Los Angeles, CA: Pyrczak Publishing, 2001.

How To Avoid Plagiarism

o In academic writing copying in a way that makes the

ideas appear to be your own is plagiarism.

Techniques:

o Technique 1: Paraphrasing (re-writing in your own words)

o Technique 2: Follow the rules when copying directly from a

text or any other source (e.g., the internet).

10 Source:

http://www4.caes.hku.hk/plagiarism/techniques.htm

Technique 1: Paraphrasing

Good paraphrases…

o Change the order & structure of sentences.

o Use synonyms/different forms of words.

o May change the voice or perspective.

Source: http://www.academicintegrity.uoguelph.ca/

Paraphrasing

Good paraphrases…

1) Change the order & structure of sentences

ORIGINAL

Instead of analyzing data with an exploratory factor analysis (where each item is free to load on each factor) and potentially facing a solution inconsistent with initial theory, a CFA can give the investigator valuable information regarding the fit of the data to the specific, theory-derived measurement model (where items load only on the factors they were designed to measure), and point to the potential weakness of specific items.

PARAPHRASE If the focus of the investigation is the connection between data and the theoretical model being used for measurement, a CFA is a better choice than an exploratory factor analysis, as the CFA is more likely to provide results that show the connection between data and theory (Mueller & Hancock, 2001).

Source: Mueller RO and Hancock GR. (2001). Factor Analysis and Latent Structure: Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In N. J. Smelse

r & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences (pp. 5239-5244). Oxford, England: Pergamon

.

Paraphrasing

Good paraphrases…

2) Use synonyms/different forms of words

Source: Johnson, C.S., MeLeod, W., Kennedy, L., and McLeod, K. (2008).Osteoporosis Health Beliefs Among Younger

and Older Men and Women [Electronic version]. Health Education & Behavior 35(5)721-733.

ORIGINAL

Optimizing peak bone mass during the early years is thought to be a key factor in preventing osteoporosis later in life.

PARAPHRASE

To prevent osteoporosis, experts believe it is important to build

bone mass before adulthood (Johnson et al., 2008).

Good paraphrases…

3) Change the voice (from passive to active)

Earth-friendly products are being purchased more often by consumers.

Increasingly, shoppers are choosing to buy environmentally safe products.

DOER is the subject

of the sentence

(ACTIVE)

DOER of the action is in

the object position

(PASSIVE)

Paraphrasing

How To Avoid Plagiarism

Technique 2: Follow the rules when copying directly from a text

o There are times when you can quote directly from your source

material. However, you must follow certain rules.

o Direct copying of part of a passage (e.g. a whole paragraph).

o Very short parts of a source text (e.g. part of a sentence) can be

copied when needed.

o The exact source of your quotation must be acknowledged.

o Examples of when you might want to copy directly are:

o when the exact words are relevant to your argument/discussion

o when something is expressed in a way which is unique

o when re-writing would cause a loss of impact

o 15

Source: http://www4.caes.hku.hk/plagiarism/Techniques_2.htm

How To Avoid Plagiarism

Acknowledging Your Source

o Reference using the “in-the-text” example:

o Provide the author and the date (and or page) in your writing:

Gardner (1994) says that what turns good teaching material

into good learning material is what teachers do with it.

o Then, an item in the reference list at the end of your writing:

References:

o Gardner, D. 1994 'Creating simple interactive video for self-access

in D. Gardner. and L. Miller (Eds.) Directions in Self-Access

Language Learning. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press

o 16

Source: http://www4.caes.hku.hk/plagiarism/acknowledging.htm

Citation Style Examples

APA Citation Style Examples:

http://www.library.cornell.edu/node/147

Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide:

http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html

17

APA Citation Style

Works by multiple authors

o (Leiter & Maslach, 1998).

o as Leiter and Maslach (1998) demonstrated.

o Kahneman, Knetsch, and Thaler (1991) found.

o "et al." (Latin for "and others") and the year of publication:

Kahneman et al. (1991) found

18 Source: http://www.library.cornell.edu/node/147

Plagiarism Detection Tools

o Web Search Engines:

-- Google -- Yahoo

-- Fast -- Dogpile

o Suggested Methods of searching

o Conduct an exact-phrase search in a Web or Directory search

box

o Enter a phrase from a suspected paper, using quotation marks

o Conduct a keyword search

o Enter a few keywords from a suspected paper in the Web

search box

(e.g. school connectedness youth violence anger behaviour)

o Perform the searches in more than one search engines

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Papermills & Essay Sites

o Free Essay network:

http://www.freeessay.com/

o EssaySearch.com:

http://www.essaysearch.com/

o Essay Crawler:

http://www.essaycrawler.com

o Term Paper Sites:

http://www.termpapersites.com/

o Search Cowboy:

http://www.searchcowboy.com/cgi-bin/search/search.cgi

?keywords=essays

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Popular Commercial Tools: TurnItIn

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Source: https://turnitin.com/

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OrCheck (Google API) Keyword Hits

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Source: cise.sbu.ac.uk/orcheck/

Praise – who’s copied who?

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Source: cise.sbu.ac.uk/praise/

JStynalyser– Style Change

7/4/2015 26 Source: http://stynalyser.sourceforge.net /

Free Plagiarism Websites

If a professor suspects a student has plagiarized, it is

easy enough to check on it.

http://www.google.com/

And/or Google Scholar

http://www.metacrawler.com/

Source:

http://www.canadacollege.edu/inside/acad_integrity/HowtoPreventPlagiarsm.pdf

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Free Plagiarism Websites

Plagtracker (www.plagtracker.com)

Viper (www.scanmyessay.com)

Article Checker (www.articlechecker.com)

Plagiarism Checker (www.dustball.com/cs/plagiarism.checker)

SearchEngineReports (searchenginereports.net/)

DupliChecker (www.duplichecker.com)

Plagium (www.plagium.com/)

Dustball (www.dustball.com/cs/plagiarism.checker)

SmallSEOTools (www.smallseotools.com/plagiarism-checker)

DocCop (https://www.doccop.com/)

Plagiarisma.net (www.plagiarisma.net)

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Conclusions

In general, don’t be afraid to use the thoughts of others to

illustrate, punctuate, or contrast your own arguments.

In fact, the use of these outside sources demonstrates your

willingness to study and carefully consider outside opinions.

Learning to properly paraphrase and cite other authors is an

important, but tricky part of the writing process that will require

diligence and practice.

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