chameleon suitjun02

Chameleon Suit, Ed Hodgson 1

A Chameleon Suit to Liberate Human Exploration of Space

Environments

Ed HodgsonHSSSI


Introduction• “To boldly go ……

– We’ve found that you need a spacesuit– Vacuum, radiation, extreme heat and

cold, micrometeoroids– This sure isn’t Kansas … So…

• “Working in their bulky spacesuits …– But does it have to be

this way forever?– We think not!


Overview

• Study Foundations• The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study• The Phase II Study Concept• The Emergence of Enabling Technologies• The Study Plan• Where It All Leads


Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Systems Development History

• The base paradigm –“Protecting the human from a hostile environment”

• Subsystem architecture– Protective pressure suit– Life support– Communication &

information

Life Support- Oxygen supply- CO2 removal- Humidity- Waste heat- Trace contaminants- Pressure control- Gas circulation

Information Systems

Pressure Suit (Isolation)- Insulation- Pressure barrier- MMOD- Radiation


Human Systems In Every-Day Life• Environmentally adaptive & connected

– Multi-tiered control– Broad tolerance

• Functionally integrated– Multi-purpose systems– Distributed functions

1

2

3

4

Insulation Factor(CLO)

From: NASA STD 3000


The Phase I Chameleon Suit StudySun Heated

Surfaces Insulated

Metabolic Heat Rejected ThroughTransmissive Surfaces With Low

Sink Temperature

• Testing a new space-suit paradigm:– Working with the environment– Integration of life support and pressure

garment

• Focus on thermal management• Applying emerging

technologies


•According to environmental conditions

• Vary conduction - active polymers control layer spacing

• Vary layer emissivity

The Phase I Chameleon Suit Study


The Phase II Study ConceptActive Heat Transport

Energy Harvesting CO2H2OO2

Selective MassTransport

Oxygen Recovery

Active Suit Fit


Active Heat Transport Technology• Micro-machines• Thermoelectrics• Recent breakthroughs in

performance

• Flexible thermoelectric polymers

• Distributed thin-film modulesProgress of Thermoelectic Improvements

0

1

2

3

4

5

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Year

Figu

re o

f Mer

it, Z

TConventional material state of the art

Polymer state of the art

Commercially available material


Active Suit Fit Technology• Personal & variable fitting• Mechanical Counter

Pressure (MCP) increases mobility & flexibility– SMA mesh– Smart gels

• Joints– Unidirectional Stretch Fabric

• Active mobility support

Active Fit Mat’ls


Selective Mass Transport Technology• Separate CO2, H2O from

O2 with minimal O2 loss • Facilitated transport of

CO2 through chemical reaction

• Facilitators immobilized in membrane

CO2H2OO2

CO2H2OO2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

0.1 1 10 100 1000CO2 permeance x10-5 (scm3/cm2/sec/cmHg)

CO

2/N2 s

elec

tivity Performance

goalSodium glycinate

sodium carbonate


Energy Harvesting

28 89 167 194222 117

234352

469

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Power (watts)

Tsink (K)Met. Rate (Watts)

Ideal Power Recovery Potential From Metabolic Waste Heat With Radiation To Various Heat Sinks

120-140100-12080-10060-8040-6020-400-20

Power(Watts)

• Incident Sunlight– Increased solar cell

efficiency– Thin, flexible solar arrays

• Waste Metabolic Heat– Lower radiating

temperatures– Thermoelectric heat pumps

• Reduce battery size• Local storage eliminates

need for power distribution


Oxygen Recovery – Artificial Photosynthesis

• Transform CO2, H2O back into O2 and fuel

• Thermo-chemical reactions, electrochemical reactions, catalysis

• Interest from environmen-tal, biochemistry, medical fields

Water O2+H+ H+

PS IPS II

NADPNADPH

Carbon fixation

ADPATP

thylakoidmembrane

H+

chlorophyll chlorophyll

light

light

H+

sugars CO2

ATPase

http://photoscience.la.asu.edu/photosyn/education/photointro.html

e-

e-

e-


The Emergence of Enabling Technologies

Advanced MaterialsTechnologies

Bio-mimeticTechnologies

Advanced InformationTechnologies


Advanced Materials Technology

Molecular DesignCapabilities

Nano-assemblyCapabilities

EngineeredPolymers /

Nano-composites

FunctionalMaterials

Thermal Optical

Chemical MechanicalCO2H2OO2

CO2H2OO2


Advanced Information TechnologiesCAD / CASETools

AdvancedManufacture

AdvancedIntegration

ReducingScale

Smaller,Faster,Cheaper,Systems

Advanced,Electrically Active

Materials

Connectivity/Networking

Technologies

IntegratedIntelligence


Bio-Mimetic TechnologiesLearning from nature

Understanding biological materials and processes

Biologically inspired designs and approaches

AdvancedMaterials Toolbox

EngineeredBio-mimetic Designs

Biocatalysts

Bio-membranes

Self assembling systems

ArtificialMuscles


The Study Plan – What We Are Doing About It

• Technology exploration• System concept development• System concept characterization

– Prioritization and selection• NASA coordination• Technology needs and potential assessment• Roadmap definition


The Study PlanSystem Evolution Perspective

Chameleon Suit Concept Evolution Roadmap

Enab

ling

Tech

nolo

gies

Res

earc

h N

eeds

& D

irect

ions

Con

cept

Evol

utio

n No-ExpendablesHeat Rejection

IntegratedHeat Pump

Self -FittingPressure Suit

IntegratedCO2 & H2O

Management

EnergyGeneration& Capture

O2Regeneration

SmartPolymers

MEMS

WearableElectronics

PolymericThermo-Electrics

Microturbines /Micro-channel HX

High ForceActive Polymer

AdvancedJoint Designs

ChemicalTransport SmartPolymers -

SelectiveMembranes

Polymer Photo- &Thermo-Electrics

Advanced EnergyStorage

Biomimetic TechnologiesArtificial Photosynthesis

2010 2040

Active PolymerSpaceEnvironmentTolerance

HighPerformance IRElectro-chromics

Fabric - MEMSIntegration

Large ScaleWearablesIntegration

Flexible, LightWeight,Thermo-electricHeat Pump

EfficientIntegratedMicro-FluidSystems

Electro-ActivePolymerMolecularDesign

AdvancedStructural Designand Modeling

ControlledAnisotropicMaterials

Chemically EnhancedTransport Membranes

TransportControlMechanisms

Integration WithActive Polymers

High Efficiency Photo ConversionExtended Life MetastableStatesEnhanced Charge Transfer

Broad Spectrum Photo-EnergyCapture

High Efficiency Thermal EnergyConversion

Low Energy Cost ReactionsOxygen RecoveryCarbon Fixation


Where It All Leads

chameleon suitjun02

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