challenges that are specific to ai and ml in the manufacturing ... - … · consumer use cases:...

04.04.2019

Challenges that are specific to AI and ML inthe Manufacturing Industry

Dr. Christopher Ganz, ABB ETSI Summit on Artificial IntelligencePresented by: For:

© ETSI 2019 2

Data from diverse industrial individualsIndustry is a zoo

Consumer use cases: comparable individuals Industrial use cases: many, but diverse objects

Large number of highly diverse devices and systemsMostly behave as designed (known), following lawsof physics

Large number of individuals with similar profiles(consumers)Mostly behave erratic (unknown), following psychology

Large in number, but in small industrial populations – smaller data sets

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Information contentLarge amounts of data do not contain relevant information

ABB – Industrial AI

Industrial IoT dataPlants in normal operation produce very similardata sets over a long period of time

Large amounts of data may not contain a lot ofuseful information

Measure for information content – Informationentropy:

Simplified: ‘How surprised are you about anew data set?’

Training AI requires information, not data

No new information

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Correlation vs. causalityData does not tell it all


AI shows that A and B are correlated, but:

A may cause B

B may cause A

A and B may reinforce each other

There may be a common cause

Pure chance

Example: The more power a motor produces, thewarmer it gets. Heating the motor will not make itdeliver more power

Well-defined: Classification – image / voice / languagerecognition

Input and output are clearly defined, causality is a given

Complex: cause and effect are not known (e.g. physicalsystems)

Data shows correlation, but does not reveal causality

Desired: Influence the cause to achieve an effectRequires clear identification of causality

Improper identification of causality results in wrongdecisions

Discovering causality requires domain knowledge

A B

A B

A B

A BC

A B

Drawing the right conclusions

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Industrial interest in outliersDifferentiate from the average


Addressing the outliers shifts average operation

Failures Golden batchNormaloperation

Low end outliers:Avoid downtime

– Reduce failures with predictivemaintenance

– Train prediction models usingrare data from failures

High end outliers:Improve production

– Catch rare cases of bestproduction (golden batch) andlearn from that

– Improve production based onthe learning

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Trust in autonomous systemsDifferent roles for automation and AI


Critical situation (safety relevant) Non-critical situation (improving effectiveness)

“better safe than sorry” “nobody is perfect”

Danger! Operator intervention

Impacting availability

Correct reaction Correct reaction

Impacting trust

Undetected

Detected

Improperly detected

FALSE -

FALSE +

FALSE -

FALSE +

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Complexity of the industrial realityLife isn’t playing a game


Moving from a closed world to reality requires Industrial AI

Well defined rules and limited states in games Unlimited states in reality1

1Visual by William Sadler - Napoleon.org.pl, public domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15176449

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Model – data hybrid algorithmsUse what you know


Removing the known from the data reveals the unknown

Measurements Modeled component Remaining stochastic part

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Intelligent systems: confined AIAI in safety critical environment


AI control

Control override

Safety override

Defense in depth

Normal operation: AI operates optimally

Plant runs in a safe state, far away from adangerous situation, with sufficient time to react

Deteriorating situation: Control overrides safely

State where a dangerous incident may be causedby a wrong reaction of the AI system

Dangerous situation: Safety interrupts

A situation that if sustained over a period of timewill lead to an incident (destruction or causalities)

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Industrial AI addressing the complexity in industrial realityCombining domain knowledge with data


Industrial AI needs a combination of domain and data expertise to be successful

Know (foresight)

Domain knowledgeFirst principles models and simulation– Described, but not yet observedSafety, control and optimization– Engineered well-defined solutions

Observe (hindsight)

Data scienceData driven models– Observed, but not a priori describedIndustrial AI– Complex scenarios

Combined approach

Build on what is knownSafely avoid known dangersExplore the unknown through data analysisand simulation to increase flexibility

+ =

© ETSI 2019 11ABB – Industrial AI

Automated Autonomous

Steady state control Complete plant lifecycleNormal operation – Start, transients, stop

Analyze

Sense Act

Understand

Perceive Solve

Analyze

Sense Act

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Moving towards autonomous industriesAI is the enabling technology


Automation

Understand

Perceive Solve

Analyze

Sense Act

Supervise Override

Industrial AIMainstream AI

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Artificial Intelligence is key technology for the next level ofindustrial progress


Human

Systems designed by experts

+ Intuition

+ Creativity

+ Expertise

– Computation

Artificial

Knowledge learned from data

– Intuition

– Creativity

+ Expertise

+ Computation

Augmented

Experts supported by algorithms

Amplifying human potential

© ETSI 2019 14

Steering towards autonomous shipsTransforming the way ships are operated


Changing the view of the captain

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Artificial intelligence from ABBWind production forecast for renewables


How can I better participate in the energy market giventhe production uncertainties due to weather that makescheduling difficult?

ABB together with IBM is applying IBM’s Watson AIsolutions to more accurately predict weather effectsrelevant to renewables production.In addition, IBM’s weather data provides the data setsrequired to feed the machine learning algorithmsBetter production prediction leads to:

§ Increased revenues offering more services toenergy market e.g. day ahead or ancillary servicesfor grid operations

§ Reduced trading risks

Challenge

ABB Solution

Creating Value

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Conclusions


Autonomy: AI helps expanding automation systems’ capabilities towardshandling more unplanned situations

Safety: The behavior of AI is not consistent. Seamless interaction betweendeterministic, reliable control algorithms and AI solutions are key to success

Knowledge: Most behavior of industrial equipment can be explained byphysics. Combining 1st principles know-how with data driven algorithms createsmost insight

Data: The availability of complete, correct, and consistent datato train AI algorithms is essential. Industrial data is significantly different fromthe data normally used in ML

Humans: Interaction between humans and AI systems lead to the creation ofthe augmented expert, combining best of both worlds

The key focus shall always be the customer’s challenge, AI is just one of the tools to be applied

challenges that are specific to ai and ml in the manufacturing ... - … · consumer use cases:...

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