Finnish Centre of Excellence (2006-2011) inFinnish Centre of Excellence (2006-2011) inComputational Complex Systems Research Computational Complex Systems Research

(COSY)(COSY)@@

Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biomedical Engineering and Computational Science, Computational Science,

Helsinki University of TechnologyHelsinki University of Technology

Challenges:Challenges: Pierre Laplace (1749-1827): “Pierre Laplace (1749-1827): “The simplicity of nature is not to be The simplicity of nature is not to be measured by that of our conceptions. Infinitely varied in its effects,measured by that of our conceptions. Infinitely varied in its effects, nature is simple only in its causes, and its economy consists innature is simple only in its causes, and its economy consists in producing a great number of phenomena, often very complex, byproducing a great number of phenomena, often very complex, by means of a small number of general laws.”means of a small number of general laws.”

Stephen Hawking: Stephen Hawking: “I think the 21“I think the 21st st century will be the century ofcentury will be the century of complexity.”complexity.”

Mission & Approach: Mission & Approach:

For a Complex System – be it physical, For a Complex System – be it physical, biological or societal – one needs to make a biological or societal – one needs to make a

shift in research paradigm by taking a shift in research paradigm by taking a multidisciplinary and holistic system-level multidisciplinary and holistic system-level

approach in terms ofapproach in terms of

Computational Analysis & Modelling & Computational Analysis & Modelling &

SimulationSimulation BECSBECSCOSYCOSY

Complexity of a system:Complexity of a system:Structure & Structure & Function & ResponseFunction & Response

Communication system:Many non-identical

elements linked with diverse interactions

NETWORK

Six degrees - Small WorldC. ELEGANS: 19500

genes HOMO SAPIENS: 23300 genes

FRUIT FLY : 13600 genes

ARABIDOPSIS (mustard): 27000 genes

Is complexity in number?

Self-organisation – Emergent properties in Self-organisation – Emergent properties in structure, function and responsestructure, function and response

Complexity – How to approachComplexity – How to approachComplex systems:Complex systems:

Large number of interdependent agents Large number of interdependent agents (molecules, individuals, species, consumers, (molecules, individuals, species, consumers, companies...). companies...).

Self-organisation -> Emergent properties: Self-organisation -> Emergent properties: Structure & Function & ResponseStructure & Function & Response..

Adaptive and robust (biological and social Adaptive and robust (biological and social systems).systems).

Not understood by studying parts in isolation.Not understood by studying parts in isolation.

Change in research paradigm:Change in research paradigm:Holistic system level viewpoint.Holistic system level viewpoint.

Combination of Combination of physical, mathematical, biological, physical, mathematical, biological, social sciences…social sciences… towards transdisciplinaritytowards transdisciplinarity

Computational modelling and analysis:Computational modelling and analysis: Holistic viewpoint at the system level behaviour. Holistic viewpoint at the system level behaviour.

Generic tool for qualitative and quantitative Generic tool for qualitative and quantitative studies.studies.

Computational Complex Systems Computational Complex Systems ResearchResearch

Models & MethodsModels & Methods• Complex Networks and Agent-Based ModelsComplex Networks and Agent-Based Models• Complex Dynamics and Statistical PhysicsComplex Dynamics and Statistical Physics• Statistical and Information Theoretic Modelling Statistical and Information Theoretic Modelling

MethodsMethods• Brain Signal AnalysisBrain Signal Analysis

Engineered & Artificial SystemsEngineered & Artificial Systems• Engineered NanosystemsEngineered Nanosystems• Modelling of Learning and PerceptionModelling of Learning and Perception• Computational NeuroscienceComputational Neuroscience

Cognitive & Social SystemsCognitive & Social Systems• Cognitive SystemsCognitive Systems• Structure and Dynamics of Social NetworksStructure and Dynamics of Social Networks

Computational Systems BiologyComputational Systems Biology• BioimagingBioimaging• Biospectroscopy Biospectroscopy -> Computational Medicine-> Computational Medicine

Complex systems and networks – Oxford unitComplex systems and networks – Oxford unit

Models & MethodsModels & MethodsNetworks & agent-based models Complex dynamics & stat. physics

Statistical modelling methods Brain signal analysis

Bayesian MEG/fMRI data analysis

Polymer translocation

Healthcare data analysis

Network theory & dynamics

Engineered & Artificial Engineered & Artificial SystemsSystems

Engineered Nanosystems

Modelling of Learning and Perception Bayesian Object RecognitionBayesian Object Recognition Computational Computational

NeuroscienceNeuroscience

Optical (quantum) Optical (quantum) memoriesmemories

Quantum dots

Cognitive & Social SystemsCognitive & Social Systems

Cognitive Systems• Modulation of auditory system tuning by selective attention

(PNAS 2004 & PNAS 2006 & PNAS 2007)Structure & Dynamics of Social Networks- Mobile phone network- Analysis & Modelling

(PNAS 2007 & PRL 2007)PNAS = Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.PRL = Physical Review Letters

Computational Systems Computational Systems BiologyBiology

Bioimaging-Cryo Bioimaging-Cryo EM:EM:

IIllustration of LDL llustration of LDL particles at 37particles at 37ooC and C and 66ooCCIn preparation.In preparation.

Biospectroscopy -Biospectroscopy -NMRNMR Metabonomics:Metabonomics: Atherosclerosis;health path and risk profilingAnnals of Medicine 38, 322-Annals of Medicine 38, 322-336, 2006;336, 2006;

NMR in Biomedicine, 20, 658, NMR in Biomedicine, 20, 658, 2007;2007;

Molecular Systems Biology 4, Molecular Systems Biology 4, 167, 2008167, 2008;;

» Computational Computational Medicine Medicine

Collaboration HighlightsCollaboration Highlights (international)(international)

CSNR, Oxford with CABDyN, Oxford research cluster:CSNR, Oxford with CABDyN, Oxford research cluster:Reseach:Reseach: Complex systems and networks, Mathematical Complex systems and networks, Mathematical BiologyBiology

Harvard Medical School, MIT & Mass. Gen. Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MIT & Mass. Gen. Hospital, BostonBoston

Research:Research: Cognitive Neuroimaging Cognitive Neuroimaging

Harvard University & U. Notre Dame, Boston & IndianaHarvard University & U. Notre Dame, Boston & IndianaResearch:Research: Complex Networks Complex Networks

Budapest University of Technology,Budapest University of Technology,Research:Research: Complex Systems and Networks, Econophysics … Complex Systems and Networks, Econophysics …

Inst. for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems, Inst. for Cross-Disciplinary Physics and Complex Systems, Palma, Palma,

Research:Research: Complex Systems and Networks and Agent-based Complex Systems and Networks and Agent-based modelsmodels

Northwestern University, Institute of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Institute of Neuroscience, ChicagoChicago

Research:Research: Cognitive neuroscience Cognitive neuroscience

Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DCGeorgetown University Medical Center, Washington DCReserch: FIDIPRO; Systems neuroscience (monkey & human)Reserch: FIDIPRO; Systems neuroscience (monkey & human)

CoE 2000 – 2005CoE 2000 – 2005 20002000 ’’0101 ’’0202 ’’0303 ’’0404 ’’0505 TotalTotal

PhD’s 2 3 3 2 5 8 23

MSc’s 7 6 8 5 7 17 50

Refereed journals 34 29 37 49 59 55 263

Impact factor/paper NA NA 2.12 2.30 2.53 2.86 -

Book chapters 7 9 5 8 11 12 52

Pleanary/invited talks 7 15 9 13 11 11 66

CoE 2006 - 2011CoE 2006 - 2011 20062006 ’’0707 3/’083/’08 ’’0808 ’’0909 ’’1010 ’’1111 ’’06-06-3/’083/’08

’’06-06-’’0808

’’06-06-’11’11

PhD’s 9 6 2 6 17 21 30

MSc’s 23 17 2 15 42 55

Refereed journals 60 60 16 60 120 180 300

Impact factor/paper 3.25 3.55 -

Book chapters 8 4 12

Pleanary/invited talks 11 13 24

CoE’s achievementsCoE’s achievements

CoE’s achievementsCoE’s achievementsDegrees: CCSE(2000-05) COSY (2006-07)

CCSE COSY

Publications: CCSE(2000-05) COSY (2006-07)

CCSE COSY

Impact factor /publication