challenges of uav platforms
TRANSCRIPT
Challenges of UAV platforms
Lúcio André de Castro Jorge
Challenges of UAV platforms
Lúcio André de Castro Jorge
Beyond Diagnostics: Insights and
Recommendations from Remote Sensing
Mexico, 2013
Beyond Diagnostics: Insights and
Recommendations from Remote Sensing
Mexico, 2013
Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
EMBRAPA EMBRAPA
Embrapa
Mission
To design research, development and
innovation solutions for the sustainability
of Brazilian agriculture for the benefit of
the Brazilian society.
Institutional Profile
» Established in 1973
» 9,801 employees
» 2,428 researchers
» 2,039 PhD researchers
» 47 Research Centers and Services
» International Cooperation: Americas,
Europe, Asia and Africa
» Yearly Budget: US$ 1 billion
Updated employee data, 03/31/2013, DGP
Embrapa
Source: Embrapa, DGP
Nu
mb
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of
Em
plo
ye
es
BSc MSc PhD/DSc
Institutional Capacity Building
Embrapa Instrumentation Automation, Nanotecnology, Precision Agriculture ...
National Precision Agriculture Lab
Nanotecnology Laboratory for Agriculture
Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
UAV at Embrapa Instrumentation
UAV at Embrapa Instrumentation
Embrapa
Precision
Agriculture
Network
Grass
Crop
Soil
Weeds
Use of UAV to Crop Monitoring
Start in 1998
UAVs platforms
Toy Model
HELICOPTER
PROJECT ARARA - 2003
Patente EMBRAPA 2004
Control Station - 2004
Autonomous Operation - 2004
Taking off in Farms
PROJECT PRECISION AGRICULTURE - 2010
UAV 2012
Precision Agriculture Network
UAV QuadCopter – 2012
Small Farmers
UAV - BRASIL 2013
Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Sensors Sensors
SENSORS
Digital Câmera –
Visible bands
Digital Video Câmera
visíble
SENSORS
Cámara multiespectral NIR Cámara multiespectral – NIR + RGB
Multispectral 6 bands
SENSORS
• Hyperspectral
LIDAR Scanner
Lucier et. al (2012)
Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Images Images
Forest
Citrus
Soy and Corn
CORN - 30 Days
Sugar-cane
Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Image Processing Image Processing
Image Processing Applications
Sugar-cane
Grass
Soil
Spectral Analysis
LEGENDA
Doença - Nematóide
Solo nu
LEGENDA
Planta invasora
Solo nu
Soy bean – weeds and Deseases
Counting trees to yield evaluation
Shape analysis
LEGENDA
Palha
Cultura
Solo
Planta invasora
Corn production
NIR x NDVI
WATER STRESS
0 - 0.1
0.1 - 0.2
0.2 - 0.3
0.3 - 0.4
0.4 - 0.5
0.5 - 0.6
NDVI
Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Mosaics Mosaics
EMBRAPA Soy bean experimentation
Softwares:
- Agsoft
- Pixel4D
- SIFT (Embrapa)
MOSAIC - Soy bean
MOSAIC - Soy bean
NIR Mosaic – Sugar-cane
Visible MOSAIC sugar-cane
Mosaic + DEM
CITRUS images
Mosaic - CITRUS
Number of Images
Mosaic and photos positions
Mosaic Citrus
Mosaic with SIFT
MOSAIC HyperSpectral Citrus
LIDAR points
Wallace et. al (2012)
Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Flight Control Flight Control
Ardupilot - free
Precision on position – strong wind
Position With OctoCopter
Wallace et. al (2012)
Kinds of System
• For small areas: free systems or very cheap
– autonomous and visible flights;
• For big areas: industrial solutions, with
certification from regulators.
Evolution of Agriculture in Brazil
Challenges Challenges
Challenges
• OPERATION/SYSTEM – Quality of images
• Systems to control Distortion: Pitch, roll, etc. Wide angle lenses
• Maping pixels onto cm resolution model
– Registration • Need more higher altitudes to have good results
• 3D imaging cameras and 360 degrees pano images
– Lighting Conditions: • Clouds, Shadows, Weather
– Safety System • to avoid crashes and accidents;
– Airplanes Certification • Brazil all models need on
– Calibrations: • Solutions for easy correction geometric and radiometric
Challenges
• SOFTWARES – Complex softwares to process Multi and HyperSpectral Images,
not for a researcher, but for farmers and final users;
– Data management and extraction are a challenge;
– Cloud processing could help to process a big volume of images but need permit big datas uploads;
– Recomendations for final users are not available;
– A complete solution for a final user is a big challenge, and could be done for each application.
Lúcio André de Castro Jorge, PhD Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation
Lúcio André de Castro Jorge, PhD Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation