challenges of resource-constrained networked embedded systems wireless sensing interest group...
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Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Wireless Sensing Interest Group MeetingNational Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK27th September 2006
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Manish LadUCL Department of Computer Science
University College London
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Emergency in a road tunnel
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Challenges facing emergency services
• Location– Accurately pin-point the exact location of the scene
• Information– Environmental conditions within the tunnel
• Communication– Between the rescue teams both inside and outside the tunnel
• Difficult in the enclosed environment of the tunnel
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
RUNESReconfigurable Ubiquitous Networked
Embedded Systems
To provide a standardised architecture that enables the creation of large-scale, widely-distributed, heterogeneous
networked embedded systems that inter-operate and adapt to their environments
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
A network of embedded devices
• Tunnel wall– Sensor devices– Multi-radio routing devices
• Tunnel opening– Multi-radio routing gateways
• Vehicles– Sensor devices– Multi-radio routing devices
• Emergency Services– Sensor devices– PDAs– Multi-radio routing devices
Tmote Sky Sensor Device
connectBlue multi-radio gateway
Lippert multi-radio gateway
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
The limitations of embedded systems
• Resources– Power– Processing– Storage
• Inter-communication– Heterogeneity– Transience
• Reconfigurability– Mobility– Loss/Damage
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
A lightweight solution
• Platforms– Contiki Operating System - using lightweight stackless threads– FreeRTOS - open source, mini Real Time Kernel– DENX Embedded Linux Development Kit (ELDK)
• Communication protocol stack– µIP, µAODV– Compatible with existing protocol stacks
• Middleware kernel– Component model and associated API
• Predictability and Control– Control loops
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Middleware architecture
Application/Middleware Components
Middleware Kernel API
Platform-specificKernel Implementation
Platform-specificKernel Implementation
Platform-specificKernel Implementation
Contiki FreeRTOS
Gateway device
Linux
Gateway device
Component-based Middleware
Hardware and RF
Sensor device
EnvironmentEnvironment
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
The RUNES middleware
• Component Model Design– Defines components as basic run-time units– Enables components to be instantiated at run-time– Functionality provided by components through interfaces– Dependancies expressed through receptacles– Receptacle/Interface binding made with connector components
• Component Run-time Kernel Implementations– Java– C/Unix– C/Contiki
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Middleware components
• Data acquisition– Measurement component
• Obtain environmental readings on sensor devices
• Data dissemination– Notification component
• Disseminate sensor readings to control centre
– Publish-Subscribe infrastructure• Component to disseminate sensor readings through broadcast• Mechanism to enable broadcast sensor readings to be shared
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Application of the middleware
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Pin-pointing location
• µIP and µAODV
• Overcome transience, damage and loss
• Routing reconfiguration– Re-route data around
broken sensor devices
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Extracting information
• Environmental conditions– Temperature– Humidity– Visibility
• Data dissemination
• Reporting conditions to control centre
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Communicating to co-ordinate rescue efforts
• Publish relevant data to emergency services
• Share and propagate data among firefighters
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Small-scale demonstration – June 2006
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Upcoming demonstrations
• Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS 2006)– IEEE International Conference– Vancouver, Canada– 9–12 October 2006
• IST Event 2006– European Information Society Technologies Conference– Helsinki, Finland– 21–23 November 2006
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
IST 2006
Tunnel controller
view
Emergency command viewFire fighter view
Tunnel view Tunnel environment map Key event
RUNES Video
Printed RUNES scene
Tunnel model
Tunnel sensor
network
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Summary
• A component-based middleware architecture
• Addresses fundamental challenges through– Lightweight platform and protocol implementations– Dynamically reconfigurable middleware architecture
• Incorporates capabilities to– Cope with the failure of devices and communication links– Reconfigure automatically to deal with a changing environment– Discover available resources and communication paths
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
References
• Conference publications:– Geoff Coulson, Manish Lad, Richard Gold, Cecilia Mascolo, Luca Mottola, Gian
Pietro Picco, Stefanos Zachariadis. Dynamic Reconfiguration in the RUNES Middleware. Proc. of the Third International Conference on Mobile Ad-Hoc and Sensor Systems (MASS 2006). IEEE Press, Vancouver, Canada. October 2006.
– Paolo Costa, Geoff Coulson, Cecilia Mascolo, Gian Pietro Picco and Stefanos Zachariadis. The RUNES Middleware: A Reconfigurable Component-based Approach to Networked Embedded Systems. Proc. of the 16th Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC'05). Berlin, Germany, 11-14 Sept. 2005.
• Submitted for publication:– Paolo Costa, Geoff Coulson, Richard Gold, Manish Lad, Cecilia Mascolo, Luca
Mottola, Gian Pietro Picco, Thirunavukkarasu Sivaharan, Nirmal Weerasinghe, and Stefanos Zachariadis. The RUNES Middleware for Networked Embedded Systems and its Application in a Disaster Management Scenario.
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
Acknowledgements
• Reconfigurable Ubiquitous Networked Embedded Systems (RUNES), Supported by the Information Society Technologies (IST) Framework Programme 6 (FP6). http://www.ist-runes.org
• The work described in this presentation is the result of the efforts of the large and enthusiastic RUNES project team
• Road Tunnel Emergency images supplied by FreeFoto.com http://www.freefoto.com, and BBC news http://news.bbc.co.uk
• Embedded device images from moteiv http://www.moteiv.com, connectBlue http://www.connectblue.se, and Lippert http://www.lippert-at.com
• Application of the middleware architecture diagram by Luca Mottola, Dipartimento di Elettronica ed Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Italy
Challenges of Resource-Constrained Networked Embedded Systems
RUNES Partners
Industrial
Academic
Non-profit research institutes