challenges of food security and performance of agriculture dr. kauser abdulla malik hi,si,ti...
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Challenges of Food Security and Performance of Agriculture
Dr. Kauser Abdulla Malik HI,SI,TI
Distinguished National Professor (Biotechnology),
Dean Postgraduate Studies
Forman Christian College (a Chartered University)
Lahore
World Development Report: 2008 Agriculture for Development
World Bank Report 2008
75% of the world’s poor live in rural areas and most work in agriculture
Majority of the world’s poor will still be in rural areas in 2040
Agricultural growth is the main engine for poverty reduction
Cross-country econometric evidence indicates that GDP growth generated in agriculture has large benefits for the poor and is at least twice as effective in reducing poverty as growth generated by other sectors.
Agriculture in OIC
Nearly all the OIC Member Countries (MC) are dependent on agriculture for food security
According to World Bank Classification, 22 OIC MCs are; ‘agriculture based countries’ with agriculture contributing more than 20% of GDP and more than 40% being rural population.
Agriculture growth in many of these countries is low
Constraints of Agriculture Sector (Local/Community)
Inequities in resource (land and water) distribution
Unsustainable use and degradation of natural resources
Lack of access to agriculture inputs Weak adoption of innovations & technology Complex land tenure and water rights Lack of basic infrastructure& related services
Constraints of Agriculture Sector (National)
Lack of political stability Weak governance and macroeconomic
management Lack of appropriate legal and regulatory
framework Limited financial resources Weak institutional capacity Inadequate planning and development
roadmap
Constraints of Agriculture Sector (Regional)
Problems related to cross border water sharing agreements
Lack of regional transport infrastructure Inadequate and weak regional institution Intra-trade obstacles (non-tariff barriers)
MAIN ISSUES (Pakistan)
Land holding – Small Farmers Increasing Cost of Production Slow adoption of new technologies Marketing Climate Change
What is food security?
Food security exists when all people, at all times, have nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life
DIMENSIONS OF FOOD SECURITY
Availability Local Production Imports
Accessibility Governance / Marketing
Affordability Increase In Income Level Targeted Subsidies
According to the National Nutrition Survey Report of 2011 conducted in collaboration with UNICEF and recently launched, nearly 58 percent of the population is reported to be food insecure
YIELD GAP FOR MAJOR CROPS
Crop Progressive Farmers’
Yield(Tonnes / ha.)
National Average Yield
(Avg. of last 3 years) (Tonnes / ha.)
Yield Gap (%)
Wheat 4.62.6 43.5
Cotton 2.61.8 30.8
Sugarcane Sindh
20054.5 72.8
Punjab 130 49.9 61.6
Maize 6.92.9 58.5
Rice 3.82.1 45.6
WATER AVAILABILITY IN PAKISTAN
YearPopulation (Million)
Per Capita Water Availability (M3)
1951 34 5650
2003 146 1200
2010 168 1000
2025 221 800
Source: MTDF (2005-10), Planning Commission
LOSSES IN IRRIGATION SYSTEM
LocationDelivery at
Head(MAF)
Losses
(%) (MAF)
Main and branch Canal 106 15 16
Distributaries & Minors 90 8 7
Water Courses 83 30 25
Fields 58 30 17
Crop Use 41 - -
T o t a l 61 65
Source : MTDF (2005-10), Planning Commission
WATER PRODUCTIVITY IN CEREAL PRODUCTION IN SELECTED COUNTRIES
Name of Country
Withdrawals of Irrigation Water Per
Capita (m3) / Year
Average Per Capita Cereal
Production (kg)
Cereal Production
(kg) Per m3 of Irrigation
Water
Canada 192 1,674 8.72
USA 785 1,227 1.56
China 401 328 0.82
India 569 221 0.39
Pakistan 1,226 162 0.13
Source: Food Security & Sustainable Agriculture in India, IWMI Publication No. 60, Year 2003.Quoted in MTDF (2005-10), Planning Commission)
Per Capita Availability of Calories (%)
Food Groups 2001-02 2003-04 2005-06 2007-08
Cereals & Pulses 54.9 55.3 53.7 54.2
Edible Oil & Sugar 25.3 25.8 27.3 26.8
Animal Products 13.3 13.4 13.5 14.2
Vegetable & Fruits 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.1
Way Forward
Identify Centres of Excellence (CoE) in various areas of Food Security in OIC MCs
Establish clusters of CoE to encourage multidisciplinary research
Identify common agriculture problems and develop collaborative/coordinated projects
Establish Research Fund to support such activities
Develop synergy and complimentarity with CGIAR centres.