challenge(number title discussion(board(idauthor(id ... · challenge(number title...
TRANSCRIPT
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
394 Ted'Ground'of'Rising'Star,'Texas 675 16660
This'board'was'created'to'
discuss'the'solutions'for'this'
Challenge Discuss'the'solutions'for'this'Challenge' 8/6/10'11:10 8/6/10'11:10
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 675 33893
PreOInternship'Orientation:'
Housing
'One'thing'that'I'm'sure'would'be'appreciated'by'interns'and'coOops'
when'creating'this'space'is'information'on'housing.'I'know'JSC'has/had'a'coO
op'board'that'helped'students'get'housing'with'employees.'KSC'has'a'forum'
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 17089 NASA'"InternSpace"
One'thing'many'types'of'systems'try'to'do'is'a'little'too'much.'This'makes'
such'areas'into'another'"Satern"'as'opposed'to'making'the'
process'easier.'Make'sure'to'clearly'define'what'this'"space"'is'
really'trying'to'achieve'and'scope'it'accordingly.
The'truth'is'there'is'little'possibility'in'making'the'onOboarding'process'
less'burdensome.'There'is'a'lot'of'paperwork'involved'in'working'for'the'
government'and'in'my'ten'years'the'paperwork'has'gotten'much'worse.'One'
area'this'type'of'activity'could'really'shine'is'to'provide'a'spot'in'cyberspace'
for'interns'to'post'the'work'they'have'done.'As'mentioned'in'your'
annoucement'O'there'have'been'thousands'of'interns.'Some'have'done'
compelling'work'and'yet'I'have'no'idea'where'to'find'their'work.'Since'their'
assignments'are'often'short'term'it'would'be'great'to'have'an'online'space'
that'would'allow'them'to'post'the'work'they'have'done'and'possible'next'
steps'in'case'a'future'intern'would'like'to'continue'the'work.'This'way,'
several'interns'across'several'centers'over'several'years'can'contribute'to'a'
larger'longOterm'project'rather'than'simple'short'term'fixes.'They'may'also'
be'able'to'help'each'other'across'time'and'space'as'they'give'feedback'and'
continue'the'dialog'going.
This'is'a'true'need'that'hasn't'really'been'addressed,'but'can'be'done'
and'needed.'It'would'also'allow'their'the'work'of'interns'to'be'viewed'by'a'
larger'NASA'audience'and'last'for'longer'than'a'poster'presentation'many'do'
now.
8/9/10'13:54 8/9/10'13:54
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 16744
InternSpace'University'
Database
As'a'third'semester'NASA coOop,'I'have'met'many'interns'who'
have'come'through'both'Stennis'Space'Center'and'Marshall.'Many'have'
been'a'part'of'USRP,'MSGR'(at'Marshall),'Propulsion/Robotics'Academies,'
and even'high'school'groups.'While'NASA certainly has'
an'outstanding'resume'full'of human'and'unmanned'space'
exploration'missions,'not'many'young'students'really'know'
what NASA,'on'the'Center'level, does'(from'a'technical'
standpoint).'Coupling'this'with'students'who'might'not'know'
what they'want'to'do'in'a'career'causes headaches. It'
would'be'helpful,'like'posted'below,'to'distribute students'work'
online'outside'of'the'NASA firewall. While'many'students'work'
on'sensitive/SBU/ITAR'information,'I'do'believe'it would'be'easy'for'
students'to'"clean'up"'their'work so the'public'
can see. At'Marshall,'students'write'Abstracts'that'are'used'for'
their'final'papers.'This'would'be'a'great'tool'for'explaining'the'type'of'work'
each'NASA Center'does'without'spouting'sensitive'information.'For'
an incoming'student'wanting'to'apply'to'an'internship,'they'
could then find'out what'each'NASA'Center'does'in'
contributing'to the'NASA'objective.
As'a'coOop, I have'been'given'the incredible'
opportunity'to'network'with many'knowledgeable'professionals'on'
the'job.'I'have'built'a'solid'technical foundation'of'people'that'are'
well'versed'in different'areas'around'Marshall.'I'think'as'a'young'
student'in'a'student'program,'networking is just'as'important'
as developing'academically.'I'would'love'to'see'a'forum'or'web'site'
that'could reach out'to'other'NASA'Centers via'some'sort'
of'database.'In'particular,'it'would'be'very'helpful'if'you'could'search'by'
University.'I find'that'established'professionals'at'NASA' 8/9/10'14:29 9/2/10'21:37
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 17751 "InternSpace"
I'assume'each'person's'profile'(intern,'mentor,'etc)'will'have'fields''for'
universities'attended'(may'be'several'for'those'with'BS,'MS,'PhDs),''Degrees'
Attained,'Degreen'in'Progress,'Technical'Interests,'Current''Center,'Previous'
Centers,'etc. 'There'should'be'the'capabilitiy'to'do''discussion'forums'
and'live'chats. 'It'would'be'good'for'members'to'be''able'to'create'
groups'based'on'university,'engineering'discipline,''center,'all'interns,'all'
mentors,'all'managers,'maybe'one'for'HR'and''Education,'etc. 'All,'of'
course,'would'belong'to'the'general'group'at''large'and'could'then'belong'to'
specific'groups'as'well. 'There'will'need''to'be'a'group'creator'that'
manages'membership'as'some'groups'will'need''to'check'credentials'before'
acceptance'(example,'mentor,'manager,''etc.). 'Then'folks'can'post'
the'the'relevant'specific'group'for'which''they'have'membership'that'could'
help'them'with'their'question. 'Question''between'groups'would'be'
posted'to'the'group'at'large. 'There'needs'to''be'an'alumni'section'so'
that'students'can'stay'in'touch'and'get'info''even'after'they'leave'
NASA. 'Longitudinal'data'is'always'challenging'to''get'and'all'tools'
should'incorporate'ways'to'keep'in'touch'to'see'if'the''
NASA internship'was 'effective'in'keeping''students'within'the'
Space'Industry'STEM'fields'or'academia. 'I'agree''with'previous'posts'
that'the'students'(and'mentors'for'that'matter)''should'be'able'to'post'an'
ITAR'compliant'summary'of'the'projects'they''are'involved'in. 'It'
would'be'good'to'have'a'robust'search'capability'so''that'folks'can'see'all'
interested'in'a'specific'topic,'all'from'a''university,'all'from'a'specific'center,'
look'up'specific'folks,'etc.
Another''suggestion'is'that'there'be'a'public'and'private'side'to'this'
site. ''This'way,'potential'interns'might'be'able'to'get'information'
regarding''what'the'internship'experience'is'like'or'maybe'even'ask'
questions. ''Suggestion'OO'the'NASA Ambassors'(an'existing' 8/9/10'16:16 8/10/10'15:23
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 18310 RE:"InternSpace"
This'is'an'excellent'idea.'I have'been'recently'converted'from'a'coO
op'to'a'civil'servant,'but'I'do'not'mind'helping'with'suggestions'for'this'
project.'Since'I'am'not'from'the'Celveland'area,'it'took'me'eight'miserable'
months'of'not'meeting'people'due'to'the'aging'workforce.'I'have'helped'
create'some'documents'at'our'center'for'new'coOops'or'interns'regarding'
things'to'do'at'the'center,'clubs'(we'have'a'developing'professionals'club'
that'I'also'helped'with),'and'how'to'sign'up'for'listservs.'I'think'it'is'a'little'
easier'for'students'now'that'they'receive'this'information'on'their'first'day,'
but'it'can'still'be'vastly'improved.'
As'for'getting'Center's'to'update'their'lists,'I'believe'GRC'has'just'recently'
updated'their'lists.'I also'want'to'point'out'that'I attended'a'
work'group'a'few'weeks'back,'where'i'met'a'young'person'close'to'my'age'
that'does'similar'tasks'as'me.'It'is'nice'now'because'we'are'able'to'dicsuss'
similarities'and'differences'between'our'two'center's'operations.
Also,'as'some'of'you'may'agree'or'disagree,'sometimes'CoOops'and'
interns'are'placed'in'organizations'that'do'not'really'give'them'work'until'
they'prove'themselves.'This'would'be'an'excellent'tool'to'research'what'
NASA'is'about'when'they'are'first'getting'started'and'access'to'all'their'
systems.'
8/10/10'15:23 8/10/10'15:23
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 18566 PreOIntern'Orientation
My'idea'would'be'to'have'a'system'similar'to'SATERN'where'there'is'an'
orientation'packet'for'anyone'coming'to'any'of'the'NASA'Centers.'It'could'be'
in'the'current'SATERN'format'where'the'intern'browses'through'an'
orientation'on'where'the'center'is'located,'what'the'main'purpose'of'the'
center'is,'rule'book'on'what'the'rules'are'for'being'a'NASA employee,'
how'to'look'for'a'place'to'live,'maps'of'the'area'and'center,'what'forms'of'
ID's'they'need'to'bring,'etc. 'This'could'also'be'used'for'one'center's'
employees'to'have'when'they'visit'another'center. 'Most'HR'
departments'have'something'like'this'for'new'employees,'so'it'would'be'
easy'to'put'this'stuff'in'SATERN'for'easy'access'and'could'be'used'as'part'of'
the'intern's'learning'plan.
Most'interns'get'into'trouble'because'they'do'not'understand'how'
working'for'the'government'is'different'from'working'in'industry. 'The'
rules'are'different,'things'do'not'happen'quickly,'paperwork'has'to'be'filed,'
etc.'If'this'preOorientation'could'be'made'in'such'a'way'that'the'interns'and'
new'hires'understand'that'working'for'the'government'is'a'different'
ballgame,'I'think'that'they'will'be'able'to'hit'the'ground'running'a'lot'sooner'
and'be'able'to'work'within'the'existing'system. 'This'could'also'be'
used'for'new'contractors'as'well. 'It'should'be'a'requirement'before'
they'get'their'badge. 'A'portion'of'SATERN could'be'opened'up'
to'the'Internet'and'the'potential'employee'could'be'given'a'temporary'
userid'and'password'to'get'in. 'It'would'be'one'repository'to'get'
access'to'anything'a'new'hire'would'need.
8/13/10'17:34 8/13/10'17:34
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 18634 InternSpace
At'KSC when'a'student'accepts'an'internship'we'send'them'a'
welcome'letter'with'a'link'to'our'PreOOrientation'page'(you'can'visit'it'
at: 'http://education.ksc.nasa.gov/orientation/index.htm). 'This'
is'a'"hidden"'site'O'not'searchable'O'you'can'only'find'it'if'you're'
given'the'link'O'that'keeps'folks'that'don't'need'all'the'info'from'getting'to'
it. 'This'site'provides'lots'of'info'that'is'important'for'students'to'know'
before'they'come'to'KSC. 'Also,'we'have'set'up'a'Facebook'site'that'
we'use'to'remind'the'interns'of'enrichment'activities'and'other'events'
throughout'the'internship'semester. '
8/17/10'9:39 8/17/10'9:39
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 17565
Choice'of'Software'Package'OO'
Wiki'OO
For'your'software'package'at'the'core'of'your'InternSpace,'I'strongly'
recommend'that'you'use'of'a'generic'Wiki'while'shunning'Blog'and'bulletin'
board'packages. With'a'generic'Wiki'you'get'(free'for'
nothing):
''''A'powerful,'technical'friendly'editor
''''The'ability'to'put'graphics'right'in'the'entries
''''The'ability'to'crossOreference'entries'within'the'space
''''The'ability'to'organize'material'in'a'logical'outline'form
''''A'powerful'internal'search'engine
''''The'ability'to'group'entries'into'categories
8/20/10'9:27 9/2/10'22:22
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 18830 iPhone'and'Droid'App
I'believe'this'should'be'made'into'an'iPhone'and'Droid'app. 'Most'
interns'and'mentors'have'some'type'of'database. 'This'would'allow'
them'to'access'the'checklists,'documents,'and'social'networking'tools'on'the'
go. 'Apps'can'be'created'faily'inexpensively. 'NonOprivate'
communication'could'be'via'a'facebook'page'or'similar. 'It'would'have'
to'be'looked'at'however'at'the'legality'of'using'an'existing'social'networking'
platform'to'perform'social'communication. 'The'official'
communication'however'could'be'via'an'app'that'is'created'and'could'even'
be'secured'if'required'using'security'platforms'used'by'banks'and'budget'
software'built'into'the'app. 'You'may'have'to'build'separate'apps'for'
iPhone,'Droid'and'Blackberry. 'This'type'of'communication'is'taking'
over'social'networking'and'is'quickly'becoming'the'preferred'method'of'
social'networking'because'of'the'convience'of'being'able'to'check'and'
recieve'pushed'updates'all'the'time'and'everywhere.
8/23/10'15:27 8/23/10'15:27
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 19228 'PreOInternship'Orientation
If'I'understand'this'Social'Media'concept'correctly'the'proposed'solution'
will'require:
''''Pubic'access
''''Ability'to'register'new'members'from'this'public'resource
''''Secured'information'links'to'back'end'networks'and'resources'via'
https
''''Reporting'capabilities
Will'there'also'be'a'requirement'for'access'via'smart'phones'or'other'
requirements'that'have'not'yet'been'specifically'addressed?
8/23/10'16:47 8/23/10'16:47
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 17615
Intern'Social'Media'site'
suggestions
Please'see'attached,'thanks.
8/24/10'8:07 8/24/10'8:07
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 21417
NASAOsocial'media'site'
thoughts
please'see'attached'file.
8/25/10'9:11 8/25/10'9:11
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 19115
RE:InternSpace'University'
Database
Quote'from'Granger,'Scott'C.'(MSFCOEV92)':'"it'would'be'
very'helpful'if'you'could'search'by'University.'"
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
394 Creating'NASA'“InternSpace" 676 19115
InternSpace'Ideas'(all'four'
topic'areas)
RE:Choice'of'Software'Package'O
O'Wiki'OO
There'may'be'wiki'software'that'already'exists'and'is'preferred'by'the'
OCIOs'at'multiple'centers.' If'there'is'something'that's'used'by'
mulitple'centers'(TWiki, ProtoWiki,'etc)'then'porting'the'InternSpace'
to'the'other'centers'after'the'Ames'pilot'is'complete'should'be'easier. '
Gathering'the'data'on'what'wiki'softwares'are'used'where'and'their'pros'
and'cons'would'likely'be'useful'information'in'and'of'itself'too. 'Could'
be'a'good'student'project'frankly.
9/2/10'22:22 9/2/10'22:22
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 677 16663
This'board'was'created'to'
discuss'the'solutions'for'this'
Challenge Discuss'the'solutions'for'this'Challenge' 8/6/10'11:34 8/6/10'11:34
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 678 16663
Discuss'the'challenge'and'
submit'your'solution Please'discuss'this'Challenge'here 8/6/10'11:34 8/6/10'11:34
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 678 19958
Camera'problem'on'rough'
terrain
My'idea'would'be'to'have'the'camera'would'be'releaseable'controlled'by'
lanyard'cables 'on'a'motorized'stabalizer.'The'camera'would'be'
floating'above'the'rover.'When'the'rover'went'over'a'bumpy'surface'the'
camera'would'be'pulled'down'to'rest'on'a'thick'gel'like'base'that'would'
minimize'the'camera'motion'caused'by'the'rocky'or'bumpy'surface.'The'Gel'
above'the rover'would'be'a'secondary'shock'absorber,'otherwise'the'
camera'would'be'free'floating'in'space'controlled'by'4'rods'that'could'also'
stabalize'the'camera'with'small'robotic'motors,'puling'left'and'right,'up'and'
down.
8/23/10'16:51 8/27/10'3:11
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 678 17703
Adapt'Real'Time'Obstacle'
Detection'Hardware/Software
Providing'a'combination'of'LIDARs'(Laser'Radars),'Stereo'Cameras'and'
GPS'with'IMUs'(gyros'and'accelerometers)'facing'forward'and'aft'should'
provide'complete'coverage'as'this'was'used'to'navigate'during'DARPAs'
grand'challenge'and'adjust'and'stabilize'movement'of'the'
sensors/cameras. 'Combining'the'data'at'different'positions/time'
would'help'resolution.
Links'to'the'equipment'and'technology'provided'below.
Providing'the'topology'ahead'of'time'would'aid'obstacle'
detection/mapping
http://www.brighthub.com/engineering/civil/articles/62819.aspx
8/23/10'17:37 8/27/10'3:15
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 678 18015 different'way.
See'the'chart
8/24/10'12:12 8/24/10'12:12
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 678 18422
RE:Camera'problem'on'rough'
terrain
I'work'on'the'project'this'relates'to,'so'while'I'm'not'asking'as'the'owner'
(Liza),'I'm'familiar'with'the'problem. 'Do'you'know'if'a'4Oleg'platform'
like'you're'suggesting,'and/or'a'control'system'for'keeping'it'stable,'already'
exists? 'An'extensible'boom'might'be'a'useful'option,'but'creating'the'
hardware'and'software'from'scratch'might'be'a'very'major'development'
project'unto'itself.
8/27/10'3:11 8/27/10'3:11
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 678 18422
RE:Adapt'Real'Time'Obstacle'
Detection'Hardware/Softwa...
Again,'I'work'on'the'project'this'relates'to,'so'while'I'm'not'asking'as'the'
owner'(Liza),''I'm'familiar'with'the'problem. 'The'performance'of'
these'vehicles'is'outstanding,'but'all'of'them'in'the'references'seem'to'be'
very'large. 'A'Tahoe'or'Prius'puts'a'lot'of'pressure'on'the'ground;'are'
you'aware'of'anything'similar,'but'much'smaller? The'current'
vehicles'are'~'10'kg.
8/27/10'3:15 8/27/10'3:15
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 678 21793
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'
Platform'for'Land'Survey
'
The'camera'could'detach'from'the'periscope'and'face'down'to'view'
the'soil.'Mirrors'facing'both'forward'and'aft'in'the'head'of'the'periscope'
would'achieve'an'adequate'land'surveying.'Adding'two'more'mirrors'facing'
the'sides'may'give'an'almost'360'view'from'one'camera.'Software'could'
section'the'view'of'each'mirror'from'the'one'picture.'The'periscope'being'
raised'or'lowered'could'be'as'simple'as'a'car'antenna'system.
'The'material'could'be'like'a'track'
covering'tires.
9/8/10'15:44 9/8/10'15:44
395
Low'Impact'Robotic'Sensor'Platform'for'
Land'Survey 678 20142 price'range?
'What'price'range'should'the'complete'sensor'&'vehicle'package'be'
within?
'
'A'helicopter'with'about'5kg'useful'payload'carrying'downwardOlooking'highO
def'cameras'and'GPS'could'be'built'for'about'$3,500.' I'm'
working'on'a'similar'project'involving'a'sensor'package'that'is'easily'
swapped'between'a'rover'and'a'helicopter.' Of'course'the'logistical'
overhead'with'operating'an'airborne'platform'is'higher.
9/17/10'18:27 9/17/10'18:27
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 679 16664
This'board'was'created'to'
discuss'the'solutions'for'this'
Challenge Discuss'the'solutions'for'this'Challenge' 8/6/10'11:43 8/6/10'11:43
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 16664
Discuss'the'challenge'and'
submit'your'solution Please'discuss'this'Challenge'here 8/6/10'11:43 8/6/10'11:43
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 17466
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'
Velocity'and'Size
Hve'you'thought'about'a'Phase'Doppler'Particle'Analyzer?'It'is'commonly'
used'for'measurements'in'liquid'sprays'of'particle'sizes'and'velocities.
8/9/10'14:10 8/9/10'14:10
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 17536
Solution'for'Detecting'Airborne'
Particle'Velocity'and'Size
At'GSFC we'have'been'working'on'a'novel'particle'image'
velocimeter'that'does'not'suffer'from'a'small'depth'of'field'like'conventional'
particle'image'velocimeters. 'We'originally'conceived'it'as'a'planetary'
dust'experiment. 'The'basic'physics and'operation'of'the'
device has'been'demonstrated'on'two'different'field'tests'in'
Arizona.
The'device'measures'particle'number'density,'number'of'particles,'
particle'velocity'(both'speed'and'direction),'particle'size'and'for'large'
particles,'particle'shape.
The'device'we'have'currently'constructed'only'measures 2D'
velocities'but'with'another'detector'and'fiber'coupled'light'source'it'could'
measure'3D'velocities. 'Your'particle velocities'would'also'
probably'require a'detector'upgrade.
In'early'2011'we'will'be'lending'the'instrument'to'Boise'State'University'
for'a'particle'dynamics'experiment.
I've'attached'a'tech'sheet'prepared'by'the'Goddard'Technology'
office. 'Let'me'know'if you'would'like'more'information. '
I'have'a'lot'I'could'send'to'you.
8/9/10'14:28 8/9/10'14:28
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 18067 Particle'velocity'and'size
Some'questions:
Should'we'assume'that'this'is'in'vacuum? If'not'what'is'the'
ambient'environment'(thermal,'pressure,'chemistry,'gravitational,'
etc.) '
Can'the'hot'gas'carry'a'charge? 'What'is'chemical'composition'of'
the'gas?'
Are'the'chemical'composition'and'density'of'the'particles'as'described'in'
the'lunar'regolith'simulant'reference?
At 'what'distance'from'the'point'of'gas'impingement,'is'
knowledge'of'the'particle'size'and'distribution'no'longer'of'interest?'
8/9/10'19:23 8/9/10'19:23
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 18078
Laser'Doppler'Velocimeter'for'
particle'size/velocity'measr.
A'laser'doppler'velocimetry'system'consists'of'two'or'more'crossed'laser'
beams,'a'lens'and'a'detector. 'The'laser'beams interference'
make'fringes. 'The'particles pass'through'the fringes'
creating sinuusoidal'bursts'that'can'be'detected'by'the'
detector. 'The'frequency'of'the'burst'measures'the particle'
velocity,'the'intensity'of'the'burst'measures'the'particle'size'
(larger particles'scatter light'more'
efficiently). Accuracies'of'~1'm/s'are'
possible. 'The'trick'would'be'to'orient'the'LDV'system'at'
a'fixed'distance'from'the'impact'and'to'have'a'known'probe'size'(or'an'
aperture'can'limit'the''area''of'the'circumference'being'sampled). '
Suppose'the'probe'volume'size occupied'a'5'degree'arc'segment,'then'
the'total'scattering'would'be'360/5'x'the measured'scattering. '
The probe'volume'(or'a'probe'volume'plus'an'aperture,'to'
get better'spatial resolution)'could'be'moved'to'other'locations,'
for'example'further'from'the'surface,'to measure'trajectories at'
other'locations.
8/9/10'19:54 8/9/10'19:54
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 18015
Survey'flying'particles'using'
multiple'high'speed'cameras
1.o
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 17204
Question'about'Point'of'
Reference'and'suggestions
Are'you'going'to'measure'this'on'earth'(measuring'system'sitting'on'the'
surface),'OR'on'the'moon'(measuring'system'on'a'Lander'approaching'
earth's'moon'OR'other'body)? 'Did'you'take'into'account'the'
difference'in'gravity'and'atmospheric'pressure'at'the'two'locations'in'your'
simulation'(trajectory'changes'with'both)?'
Look'back'at'the'work'done'to'design'the'VIking'lander'rocket'nozzels'(19'
openings'in'each'of'3'thrust'heads'on'the'lander'in'order'to'minimize'the'
disturbance'of'the'surface'on'Mars.)
On'the'earth: 'A'crossed'beam'continuous'(or'pulsed)'laser'
has'been'used'to'measure'velocity'of'small'particles'for'over'30'years. '
The'direction'of'the'particle'could'be'measured'by'recording'pictures'taken'
by'a'laser'pulsed'at'known'intervals'between'them. 'A'2nd'system'at'
right'angles'would'give'you'the'3OD'trajectory. 'The'size'of'each'
particle'could'be'measured'by'the'brightness'of'the'particle'in'the'picture'
(given:'known'albedo'at'that'wavelength). 'It'might'be'possible'to'
determine'particle'shape'by'measuring'the'change'of'brightness'between'
pictures'of'each'particle'tracked. ' Data'retrieval'will'require'
significant'computing'power.'
On'a'moving'platform'landing'on'a'moon'or'other'body: 'The'same'
could'be'used,'but'very'careful'positioning'would'be'needed. 'To'give'
realOtime'data'for'landing'would'require'enormous'computing'power.'
8/15/10'11:23 8/15/10'11:23
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 18747
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'
Velocity'and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas
We'have'been'doing'something'similar'as'a'Space'Radiation'
measurement'project. 'Using'CMOS'image'sensors'we'have'been'
conducting'experiments'to'detect'and'measure'particles'which'result'from'
radiating'Mars'Regolith'and'Lunar'Regolith'with'neutron'and'proton'
beams. 'The'resolution'of'detector'grid'in'this'case'is'on'the'order'of'
5um'in'a'1280'x'1024'array. 'The'velocity'of'the'particles'in'theory'can'
be'determined'by'the'amount'of'energy'that'is'deposited'in'the'individual'
pixels. 'The'path'of'the'particles'are'determined'by'creating'a'stack'of'
4'CMOS'sensors'(see'the'attachment). 'And,'the'size'of'the'particles'
can'be'measured'directly.
This'system'was'created'at'the'Johnson'Space'Center'as'part'of'the'RISA'
project. 'The'hardware'exists'and'could'be'tested'for'this'
purpose. 'The'CMOS'image'sensors'are'inherently'more'resistent'to'
damage'from'radiation'than'other'similar'sensors'such'as'CCDs. 'And,'
they'are'much'lower'cost. 'The'CMOS'sensors'we'have'used'in'this'
design'cost'only'about'$30'each. 'They'interface'to'a'computer'by'way'
of'USB,'and'are'controlled'using'Matlab. 'All'4'image'sensors'are'
synchronized'to'integrate'at'the'same'time. 'No'lenses'are'needed'as'
you'are'measuring'charged'particles'directly. 'Copies'of'this'system'
could'be'built'and'made'available'for'your'project'if'this'would'be'of'
interest.
The'amount'of'data'created'by'this'system'is'significant. 'Each'
image'is'about'1.3Mbyte. 'We'have'been'running'the'system'with'
integration'times'from'0.1'seconds'to'4'seconds,'and'a'wait'time'of'about'
2.5'seconds'in'between'samples. 'It'can'be'run'faster,'but'the'size'of'
the'created'data'files'adds'up'quickly'as'you'can'imagine. 'Both' 8/20/10'13:44 8/20/10'13:44
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 18920 3D'Particle'Image'Velocemetry
2D'Particle'Image'Velocemetry'(PIV)'uses'a'laser,'spread'out'in'a'sheet,'
that'is'used'to'illuminate'a'specific'plane'of'interest,'such'as'a'jet'plume,'and'
is'pulsed'twice'with'a'specific'time'interval.' A'digital'camera'is'set'up'
to'capture'these'two'images'(
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 17565 Study'on'Lunar'Desent'effects
NASA/MSFC'
has'spent'a'considerable'amount'of'effort'developing'a'multiphase,'
noninvasive'mass'flowmeter'for'cryogenic'fluids.'The'resulting'sensor'can'
detect'bubbles'(determine'size/distribution)'in'full'3Odimensional'space.'
Since'the'meter'was'designed'to'operate'in'liquid/gas/solid'environment'the'
technique'would'be'applicable'to'a'hot'gas'flow'and'the'tracking'of'particles'
(position,'size,'velocity,'etc)'at'high'rates.
POC:'Sammy'Nabors'(MSFC)
8/27/10'16:11 8/27/10'16:11
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 23709
Patternator:spray'
characterization'technology
I'm'not'sure'if'the'Patternator'spray'characterization'technology'could'be'
applied'to'this'application,'but'I'offer'it'as'a'possible'solution.'See'the'
attached'presentation'for'details.'One'of'the'employees'from'this'company'
worked'in'my'branch'a'number'of'years'ago.
9/2/10'12:29 9/2/10'12:29
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
396
Method'for'Detecting'Particle'Velocity'
and'Size'in'a'Hot'Gas'Jet 680 17536
Large'Depth'of'Field'Particle'
Image'Velocimeter'Overview
A large'depth'of'field'particle'image'velocimeter'has'been'
developed'at'the'Goddard'Space'Flight'Center'(GSFC) 'that'would'be'a'
fine'solution'to'the'problem'posed.
The'GSFC technology overcomes'the'chief'problem'with'
traditional DopplerObased'approaches which'can'
only measure'particle velocity'along'the'line'of'sight. 'It'
overcomes'the'depth'of'field'problem'encountered'when'using'standard'
microscopy'flow'meters'or'particle'image'velocimeters'through'the'use'
of a'novel'afocal'optical'arrangement. 'And'it'handles'the'
enormous amount'of'particle'trajectory'and'size imagery'
generated'by'offOtheOshelf'flow meters'and'particle'image'
velocimeters'(e.g.,'highOframe'rate'cameras'with'standard'optics'and'active'
light'sources)'through'the'use'of'an'algorithm'
and hardware that'reduces'particle'imagery'into'the'data'of'
interest,'namely: 'particle'speed,'direction,'size,'particle'size'
distribution,'shape'(when'applicable) and'number'density.
For'two'dimensional'measurements,'the'large'depth'of'field'particle'
image'velocimeter'consists'of: ' a'fiber'coupled'laser'diode'light'
source,'a'high'frame'rate'CMOS detector,'an'FPGA'and'a'custom'
afocal'optical'arrangement. 'For'three'dimensional'measurements'a'
duplicate'system'is'used'with'its'optical'axis'perpendicular'to'the'first.
This'technology'was'originally'developed'as'a'planetary'dust'
characterization'experiment'O'primarily'to'measure'dynamic'dust'events'on'
the'Moon'and'Mars. 'It'has'been'successfully'field'tested'in'the' 9/5/10'12:08 9/5/10'12:08
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 681 16667
This'board'was'created'to'
discuss'the'solutions'for'this'
Challenge Discuss'the'solutions'for'this'Challenge' 8/6/10'12:45 8/6/10'12:45
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 16667
Discuss'the'challenge'and'
submit'your'solution Please'discuss'this'Challenge'here 8/6/10'12:45 8/6/10'12:45
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 16779 Best'solution..
The'problem'is'your'assumption:'
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17523 RE:Best'solution..
I'm'inclined'to'agree. 'If'the'political'issue'is'related'to'the'fear'of'a'
launch'accident'(disregarding,'for'the'moment,'the'unfounded'and/or'
irrational'nature'of'such'objection)'and'simply'cannot'be'overcome,'I'would'
suggest'a'reasonable'compromise'could'be'reached'by'having'the'RTG(s)'
launched'by'a'foreign'carrier;'I'suspect'that'there'are'at'least'a'couple'who'
would'be'happy'to'do'so.'
Yes,'I'know'it's'nowhere'near'a'simple'as'that':) 'But'with'such'a'
simple,'elegant'and'effective'option,'it'should'absolutely'remain'in'the'
solution'space.
8/9/10'14:42 8/9/10'14:42
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17545
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'Lunar'
night
Lunar'heat'flow'is'roughly'half'of'earth's. 'Could'the'batteries'and'
susceptable'elactronics'be'buried? 'Even'a'shallow'O'one'meter'or'so'
burial'would'have'significant'benefit. If'the'equipment'can'
be buried'at the bottom'of'a crater,'where'the'
temperature'gradient'would'likely'be'higher,'it'would'likely'be'even'more'
effective.
Contact'Caterpiller'for'marketing'rights!
On'earth'there'is'a'seasonal'and'superimposed'diurnal'variation,'not'sure'
about'the'Moon'with'its'long'nights.
8/9/10'14:42 8/9/10'14:42
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17338 Insulated'box
One'solution'might'be'to'place'the'components'inside'a'light'weight'
super'insulated'box'with'aeorjel'blankets'and'mylar'multylayer'insulation'
which'cam'be'designed'to'eliminate'almost'all 'the'daytime'heating'of'
the'components.'At'night'minimal'heating'from'a'very'low'powered'heater,'
or'the'heat'from'the'electronics'inside'can'maintain'sufficient'
temperature.
If'excess'heat'needs'to'be'removed'from'the'box'use'a'passive'radiator'
placed'in'a'shaded'area'(i.e.'under'the'box)'and'connect'it'with'conductive'
wires'to'a'heat'sink'inside'the'box.'A'passive'bimetalic'switch'can'be'used'to'
thermaly'connec/disconnect'the'heat'sink'at'the'desired'temperature.
8/9/10'14:54 8/9/10'14:54
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 18067
Temperature'Management'
during'the'Lunar'Night
To'add'to'the'phase'change'idea'OO'eutectic'salt'phase'change'media'
technology'used'in'desert'solar'to'steam'power'generating'systems'should'
also'be'able'to'be'tuned'to'the'lunar'environment. 'It'could'store'heat'
during'the'day'that'could'be'later'used'for'night'operations.'See'
http://www.nrel.gov/csp/troughnet/thermal_energy_storage.html'for'an'
example.' The'solar'power'plants'are'often'placed'in'deserts'with'wide'
temperature'ranges'(albeit'not'as'wide'as'the'moon's). 'Phase'change'
media'are'also'used'for'thermal'heat'transfer'in'a'variety'of'industries'and'
cover'the'gamut'of'temperature'ranges'including'molten'salts'that'can'be'
used'at'temperatures'well'beyond'your'region'of'interest'(800C+).'
Using'MLI'and'other'insulation'will'further'reduce'the'size'of'the'
heating/cooling'system'as'well'as'the'heat/cooling'loads.'
8/9/10'20:16 8/9/10'20:16
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 18434
Solar'Dynamic'System'for'
Power'and'Heat
In'the'mid'90's,'I'was'part'of'the'Solar'Dyanmic'Flight'Demonstration'
Project'at'NASA'Glenn. 'We'were'working'with'RSCOEnergia'to'develop'
the'SD'system'as'a'flight'demonstration'on'Mir. 'The'system'used'a'
Brayton'engine'with'an'organic'solution'that'stored'thermal'energy'very'well'
during'the'daylight'phases'of'the'orbit'and'released'it'slowly'during'the'night'
phases. 'If'you'are'interested'in'temperature'maintenance'only,'or'
primarily'temperature'maintenance'with'some'power'to'batteries'for'night'
usage'(very'small'night'usage)'this'system'might'function'well. 'The'
brayton'engine'with'a'solar'concentrator'was'tested'under'T/V'conditions'at'
Glenn. 'Unfortunately,'the'project'was'cancelled'and'never'flew'but'
there'is'a'lot'documentation'available.
8/11/10'14:50 8/15/10'8:04
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 Dig'In
I spend'a'couple'years'developing'lunat'settlement'ideas'on'
Lunarpedia,'
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 RE:RE:Dig'In
The'Lunarpedia'references'is:
Lunarpeida: 'Architecture'as'Mole'Hills
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 Location!'Location!'Location
You'did'not'say'where'your'habatat'was'located'on'the'Moon. '
There'are'three'basic'thermal'zones'on'the'Moon'from'a'settlement'
standpoint.
1. 'Equatorial 'OO 'Just'like'Apollo. 'Here'is'
where'the'temperature'extremes'you'describe'are'most'severe. 'If'any'
of'the'Apollo'missions'had'been'delayed'in'leaving,'even'by'as'little'as'two'
days,'the'crews'would'have'broiled'to'death'on'national'television. '
Currenty'safety'requirements'rule'out'this'region'(75%'of'the'Moon's'
Sufrace) from'human'stays'longer'than'a'few'days.
2. 'Temperate'OO'These'two'narrow'bands'from'about'68'degrees'
north'or'south'to'about'85'degrees'north'or'south'have'a'peak'daytime'
temperature'that'will'not'kill'you'outright. 'If'you'were'trapped'ina'
half'buried'habitat'with'a'failed'cooling'system,'you'could'sweet'out'a'long'
day.
3. 'Polar'OO'These'are'our'very'best'sites'for'at'least'the'first'50'
years'of'lunar'settlement. 'Consider'Mount'Malapert. 'This'
ridge'top'is'about'the'size'of'Manhattan'at'about'86'degrees'South. '
You'have'sulight'for'power'over'95%'of'the'time,'and'lineOofOsite'
communication'with'Earth'98%'of'the'time. 'The'ground'temperature'
1'meter'down'is'about'O50'C'so'you'will'need'some'of'that'sunlight'for'heat'
but'the'daytime'surface'temperatures'will'not'fry'you'and'the'night'lasts'
only'a'couple'Earth'days.
8/13/10'9:14 8/13/10'20:20
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 RE:Location!'Location!'Location
One'major'problem'is'that'we'do'no'know'the'gradient'of'rocks'to'dust'
what'we'will'find'as'we'dig'in'the'polar'regions. 'All'the'cores'we'have'
are'from'Apollo'sites'and'they'were'on'the'flats'where'the'landing'is'
easy. 'We'never'really'dug'a'trench. '
The'best'polar'region'sites'are'ridge'tops'and'we'simply'do'not'know'
what'we'will'find'there. 'The'deeper'we'dig'the'more'rocks'we'will'
find'but'when'does'digging'become'nothing'but'rock'moving?
Ideally'we'will'bring'a'light'front'loader'and'will'dig'trenches'one'to'two'
meters'deep'and'drag'our'inflatalble'hapatat'sections'into'them. 'We'
can'then'throw'the'dust'and'grave'back'on'top'for'radiation'
protection. 'The'air'pressure'will'easily'support'the'weight'in'1/6'
g. 'All'we'can'do'with'the'rocks'is'line'they'up'to'thicken'the'side'
walls.
At'the'poles,'the'answer'to'your'thermial'question'is'that'we'are'biased'
cold. 'our'radiation'protection'regolith'blanket'will'protect'us'from'the'
harsh'direct'sun. 'Our'habatat'floors'will'have'to'be'will'insulated'
against'the'cold'rocks'beneeth'but'thosebed 'rocks'will'take'all'the'
heat'we'need'to'dump.
Our'thermal'problems'is'solved'at'the'poles,'if'we'can'dig'a'trench.
8/13/10'20:20 8/13/10'20:20
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565
RE:Solar'Dynamic'System'for'
Power'and'Heat
The'equatorial'lunar'night'is'about'500'times'longer'than'the'eclispe'
phase'of'at'LEO. 'The'amount'of'phase'change'material'needed'is'just'
too'large.
Paraffin'was'used'in'this'way'in'the'Lunar'Rovers,'but'only'to'prevent'
shortOterm'overheating'of'the'electronics.
If'you'had'a'very'large'supply'of'lunar'water,'it'could'be'of'some'help,'
but'you'would'need'to'ship'a'massive'speciality'tank'from'Earth'that'could'
survive'the'pressure'shifts'as'the'water'inside'changed'phase.
8/15/10'8:04 8/15/10'8:04
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 18015
comprehensive'solution'for'the'
problem
'
Cover'the'entrance'with'solar'cell'panel'to'avoid'direct'
sun'beam.
'
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 Basket'full'of'Rocks
One'possible'design'for'a'rover'is'to'have'a'metal'basket'covering'its'back'
that'can'be'filled'with'rocks'(see'attached'sketch). 'This'provides'both'radiation'
protection'for'vital'electronics'and'stabilizes'the'temperature.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 RE:Basket'full'of'Rocks
The'real'advantage'of'the'turtle'back'rover'is'that'it'sets'up'a'hero'run'if'
the'rover'is'near'a'pole.
The'basket'of'rocks'
lowers'the'center'of'gravity'of'the'rover.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 RE:Best'solution..
Almost,'but'not'quite,'unobtainum!
The'isotopes'must'decay'fast'enough'to'
generate'useful'amounts'of'heat. Only'isotopes'with'halfOlives'under'
about'10'year'can'do'this. Such'isotopes'must'be'manufactured'as'the'
naturally'ones'all'decayed'billions'of'years'ago.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565
New'Batteries'Coming'Soon'to'
a'Planet'near'You!
If'we'could'store'enough'electrical'power'from'our'solar'panels'during'
the'day,'we'could'make'it'through'the'night. There'is'now'an'
enormous'burgeoning'market'on'Earth'for'electrical'energy'storage'for'allO
electric'cars'and'to'smooth'out'alternative'energy'generation.
Current'LithiumOion'batteries'cost'
thousands'of'dollars,'will'take'maybe'2000'charge/discharge'cycles,'and'can'
drive'a'sports'car'about'60'miles'on'a'charge.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 19072
Use'of'Low'Voltage'heat'Pads'
used'in'automotive'industry
I'would'suggest'using'
Low'voltage'heating'pads'such'as'the'seat'heaters'used'in'the'automotive'
industry'use'of'the'pad'around'a'battery'or'rather'in'the'compartment'which'
contains'the'battery'may'be'able'to'keep'the'compartment'at'a'suitable'
temperature'range;'carbon'fiber'heating'elements'may'be'more'conducive'
to'your'needs.'If'you'will'notice'that'the'elements'can'be'cut'to'length.'You'
may'also'use'the'heating'pads'to'heat'thin'heat'sink'fins'to'warm'a'
compartment'if'the'compartment'is'to'have'an'atmosphere.
John'M.'DeSalvo
See'the'below'copied'text'
from'a'PDF'Brochure.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 16667
RE:Environmental'Temperature'
Management'during'the'lu...
Insulating'shelters'might'help. 'If'we'have'a'really'good'
MLI shelter'with'e*=0.01'at'room'temperature'you'still'lose'
5W/m^2. 'For'a'large'shelter,'the'energy'can'add'up.
8/25/10'18:21 8/25/10'18:21
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 Wet'Steam'to'the'rescue
'Put'that'that'with'copious'amounts'of'solar'energy'
during'the'day'and'you'have'the'makings'of'a'real'energy'
system.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565
RE:Environmental'Temperature'
Management'during'the'lu...
Reference'URL's
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 RE:Wet'Steam'to'the'rescue
Reference'URL's:
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 16840 Electrochromic'Thin'Films
Bear'with'me,'as'I'm'an'RF'engineer'trying'to'talk'environmental'
controls. 'Anyway,'at'a'previous'employer'I'had'a'chance'to'work'with'
elctrochromic'thin'films'that'we'were'considering'for'use'as'a'sun'shield'for'
a'space'based'phased'array.
From'a'thermal'standpoint,'it's'possibly'a'great'alternative'to'
MLI blanketing'because'it'will'be'much'lighter'and'more'durable'
especially'to'handling'or'possibly'even'MMOD'impacts. 'I'have'
experience'with'dealing'with'MLI'in'satellite'applications,'and'the'weight'of'
it'can'really'add'up'as'well'as'the'fact'that'it'can'be'very'delicate.
If'you'painted'the'enclosure'of'what'it'is'that'you'want'to'regulate'white,'
and'the'covered'it'with'an'electrochromic'film,'you'could'implement'some'
sort'of'feedback'control'system'that'could'darken'the'film'when'you'needed'
to'absorb'heat'(during'the'lunar'night)'and'then'gradually'lighten'it'as'
temperatures'rose'during'the'day'when'you'needed'to'reject'excess'heat'so'
that'you'essentially'just'had'a'white'painted'surface'(possibly'other'controls'
like'radiators'as'well'below'the'film). 'It's'a'relatively'passive'option'as'
well'in'that'there'are'no'moving'parts,'just'a'varying'potential'applied'to'
change'emissivity. 'Again,'the'advantages'are'that'this'film'is'very'light'
and'durable,'has'very'minimal'power'consumption'especially'when'staying'in'
one'state'for'long'periods,'and'still'leaves'you'with'a'relatively'simple'
solution,'which'in'my'opinion'is'never'a'bad'thing'in'high'reliability'
environements.
9/2/10'7:36 9/2/10'7:36
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 RE:RE:Wet'Steam'to'the'rescue
Several'of'the'Mythbuster'hotwater'heater'runs'are'on'UTube:
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 16667 RE:Wet'Steam'to'the'rescue
The'large'cryo'propellant'tanks'normally'run'at'34'to'48'psi'(H2'and'
O2). 'At'those'pressures,'you'would'have'liquid'water'between'250'
and'275'F,'which'would'provide'a'fair'bit'of'sensible'energy'to'keep'things'
warm.
The'steam'itself'would'have'little'energy'(since'it'has'little'mass)'and'the'
warm'water'would'not'have'enough'energy'to'make'much'steam.
However...'if'a'tank'was'6''across'and'10''high,'it'would'hold'17520'lbm'
of'hot'water. 'Given'200F of'temperature'difference'to'work'
with,'that'would'be'3.5'million'BTUs'O'over'a'15'day'lunar'night'that'would'
provide'an'average'of'nearly'3'kW of'eergy'to'keep'things'
warm. 'Certainly'something'to'think'about!
9/3/10'15:49 9/3/10'15:49
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 RE:RE:Wet'Steam'to'the'rescue
It'would'result'in'a'considerable'mass'penalty'to'reinforce'tanks'intended'
for'other'uses'to'have'a'second'life'as'a'Wet'Steam'system. This'still'
might'be'less'mass'than'the'mass'that'would'be'required'to'send'special'
thermal'storage'materials'from'Earth.
But'remember'this'idea'only'works'if'we'have'already'found'lots'of'
water. 'That'means'the'early'manned'outpost'must'be'near'the'
poles.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
397
Environmental'Temperature'
Management'During'the'Lunar'Night 682 17565 RE:RE:RE:RE:Dig'In
You'could'
design'a'heat'flux'capacitor'made'lays'of'aluminum'foil'and'hard'
packed regolith'dust. 'The'foil'would'carry'heat'into'the'mass'of'
regolith. 'This'design'would'take'computer'modeling'to'determine'if'
the'mass'of'aluminum'sent'from'Earth'is'small'enough'to'make'this'idea'
attractive.
Again'if'we'
find'copious'amounts'of'water,'we'could'consider'drilling'holes'and'pumping'
warm'water'into'deep'layers'of'regolith. There'the'material'has'much'
more'large'broken'rock'and'less'dust.'The'heat'would'be'stored'in'the'
thermal'mass'of'the'water'and'rock.' This'plan'would'risk'the'loss'of'
some'of'the'water.
http://www.exair.com/pages/theater.aspx?gi=8001&a
mp;dlg=1&gf=Cabinet+Coolers
8/9/10'14:28 11/2/10'13:27
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 17576
Cooling'of'SelfO'Contained'
HSDAS'Unit.
Although'symplestic,'fans'built'into'the'box'as'is'done'on'high'power'
transmission'electrical'systems'for'power'disribution'with'spacing'to'allow'
heat'transfer'from'fan'moter.'Also'a'portable'expandable'solar'screen'or'
canopy'over'the'unit'to'protect'it'from'sun'radiation'would'also'help.
I'am'not'sure'how'much'heat'this'will'disipate'however,'this'is'a'tried'and'
proven'method.
QED
Willie'B.'Williams
8/9/10'14:29 11/2/10'13:28
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 17405
Solution'to'Cooling'of'a'SelfO
Contained'Portable'HSDAS'Unit
Scott,
I'believe'what'you'need'is'a'solar'powered'refrigeration'system'similar'to'
the'one we'developed'at'JSC'and'patented. 'This'cooling'system'
could'sit'outside'of'your'enclosure'with'solar'panels'shading'it'and'run'in'
response'to'the'amount'of'sun,'which'of'course'is'what'produces'most'of'the'
heat'anyway. 'It'would'not'need'to'draw'power'from'your'
battery. 'The'only'thing'that'will'need'to'go'through'the'enclosure'is'
refrigerant'tubes,'with'the'evaporator'(heat'exchanger)'located'
inside. 'If'the'enclosure'has'good'insulation'and'possibly'some'
additional'thermal'capacitance'inside,'the'energy'balance'should'work'out'
since'your'temperature'tolerance'is'fairly'broad. We'can'probalby'get'
away'with'just'natural convection'of'the'air'inside,'but'a'fan'might'be'
beneficial. Of'course'a'little'engineering'and'analysis'will'need'to'be'
done,'but'I'am'confident'that'it'can'be'worked'out. 'I'have'attached'
some more'information for'your'reference. 'Some'
related'commercialization'efforts'can'be'viewed'at'
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 17661
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'
Portable'HSDAS'Unit
My'solution'is'provided'below:
A'combination'of'photovoltaics'to'absorb'the'light'(from'the'sun)'and'
thermovoltaics'to'absorb'the'heat'(from'all'heat'sources)'and'concentrate'
them'will'be'used'as'part'of'the'design'solution. 'The'energy'from'
both'will'be used'to'charge'up'asymmetric'capacitors'(for'example,'
lithiumOion'capacitors'from'JSR'Micro,'Inc.). 'The'asymmetric'
capacitors'will'be'used'to'charge'up'the'lithiumOion'battery'as'
needed. 'The'lithiumOion'battery'that'is'used'to'power'the'equipment'
will'be'of'the'LiOironphosphate'type'that'is'capable'of'being'charged in'
very'short'time'periods'(can'get'to'85'%'charge'in'15'minutes'in'some'
cases). 'However,'two'identical'liOion'battery'systems'will'be'
used. 'The'independent'and'identical'battery'systems'will'have'the'
configuration'to'be'tied'in'parallel'to'provide'extended'periods'of'
performance'or'to'meet'exceptionally'high'peak'loads.' Each'battery'
system'will'be'independently'charged'by'the'asymmetric'
capacitors and'hence'one'unit'can'undergo'charge'while'the'other'
unit'is'powering'the'equipment. 'During'periods'of'peak'load,'
microchannel'cooling'loops'will'remove'the'heat'from'the'cells'in the'
liOion'battery and'dump'the'heat'into'the'thermovoltaics. 'The'
symmetric'capacitors'are'used'to'be'able'to'efficiently'dump'energy'into'
them'in'short'bursts'from'the'photovoltaics'and'thermovoltaics.
8/10/10'9:20 11/2/10'13:30
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 18258 a'liquidObath'solution
One'way'that'i've'been'looking'at'for'cooling'denselyOpacked'electronics'
is'to'immerse'the'components'in'a'bath'of'nonconducting'liquid'like'
Fluorinert'(which'the'old'Cray'computers'used)'or'even'highOgrade'mineral'
oil. 'A'small'refrigeration'unit'could'then'be'used'to'remove'the'
accumulated'heat,'but'the'equipment'temperature'would'only'change'
slowly'because'of'the'thermal'mass'of'the'coolant. 'The'fact'that'
you're'already'in'a'sealed'box'is'an'advantage'for'this,'and'the'refrigeration'
unit'could'be'Peltiers run'off'of'photovoltaics.
8/10/10'12:28 11/2/10'13:31
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16798 Cooling'HSDAS'Unit
Just'some'thoughts'but'believe'it'will'work:
'
Add'a'reasonable'level'of'insulation'internal'and'external'to'the'
enclosure.'
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 18837 Question'about'requirements
Why'do'the'component'temperatures'have'to'stay'less'than'
80 degrees'F?'This'is'only'about'26'degrees'C.'In'my'study'of'
electronics'enclosures,'most'electronics'(even'in'high'power'switch'mode'
AC/DC'converters)'are'capable'of'running'at'temperatures'~100'degrees'
C.
Also,'what'is'the'nominal'expected'power'dissipation'inside'the'
enclosure?'I'thought'I'read'25W,'but'I'wasn't'sure'since'several'numbers'are'
tossed'around'in'the'problem'statement.
8/23/10'15:28 11/2/10'13:34
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 19127 Cooling'without'consumables
To'cool'objects'below'80F,'one'needs'a'cold'sink'below'
80F. 'The'most'obvious'cold'sink'is'the'sky,'that'portion'of'the'
viewable'atmosphere'not'subtended'by'the'hot'sink'of'the'sun,'about'40F'at'
this'latitude'if'I'm'not'mistaken. 'A'single'radiator'panel'with'0.5'm2'
area'could'dump'as'much'as'35W,'leaving'a'15F'differential'to'drive'heat'
into'the'radiator'from'the'electronics. 'A'simple'cylindrical'shield'
around'the'box'would'help'to'not'only'block'convection'but'also'block'the'
view'to'trees'and'buildings'which'are'considerably'warmer'than'40F,'lined'
on'the'inside'with'low'emissivity'foil'to'reduce'its'own'penalty. '
A'mirror'or'a'photovoltaic'panel'should'be'used'on'the'side'which'faces'
south'where'the'sun'is'highest'in'the'sky'in'the'middle'of'the'
day. 'There'is'a'mass'penalty'but'no'consumables'of'water'or'
electricity. 'The'system'is'fueled'by'temperature'differences'
and'works'hardest'when'the'temperature'differences'are'the'
highest.
Using'a'special'radiator'coating'with'low'solar'emissivity'and'high'
infrared'emissivity'instead'of'a'mirror'facing'the'sun'would'further'increase'
the'heat'rejection'of'the'system. 'The'night'sky'is'even'colder'at'O22F'
and'could'help'to'start'the'day'off'with'HSDAS'considerably'lower'than'
80F.
8/23/10'16:36 11/2/10'13:34
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 21470
Cooling'of'a'SelfOcontained'
Portable'HSDAS'Unit
Remove'the'encasing'to'assure'hydrogen'explosion'proofing. '
Instead'use'a'nitrogen'purge'and'ventilation'system'that'turns'on'if'a'
hydrogen'sensor'detects'hydrogen. 'Use'this'to'remove'all'oxygen'and'
the'hydrogen'will'not'be'able'to'burn'even'if'present.
8/24/10'15:51 11/2/10'13:35
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 21793
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'
Portable'HSDAS'Unit
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 23709 Stirling'cooler
One'of'the'more'efficient'cooling'technologies'utilizes'the'Stirling'cycle.'It'
is'compact,'quiet,'and'much'more'efficient'than'thermoelectric'systems.'
Coleman'made'a'12'V'Stirling'cooler'that'sold'for'$400'(not'sure'if'it'is'still'
available)'http://tent.blogrica.com/2010/06/28/checkOoutOcolemanOstirlingO
powerOcoolerOwithOfreeOacOadaptorOincludedOforO359O95/
9/2/10'12:50 11/2/10'13:40
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670 RE:Try'an'Exair'cabinet'cooler
'The'Exair'coolers'are'certified'for'Class'I'Division'2'Group'B'environments,'
and'I'have'successfully'employed'the'cabinet'coolers'under'other'
projects. 'The'Exair'vortex'coolers'have'worked'excellently'in'the'test'
facilities,'but'within'this'particular'application'portability'is'a'concern. '
The'vortex'coolers'efficiently'produce'a'concentrated'point'of'high'cooling,'
but'the'systems'require'a'large'quantity'of'compress'gas'to'produce'a'small'
amount'of'chilled'gas. 'Relatively'speaking,'the'cabinet'coolers'are'not'
efficient'enough'(650BTU/h'with'10'SCM'@'100psi)'to'sustain'a'small'
portable'system'for'long'duration.' A'KOtype'nitrogen'bottle'driving'an'
Exair'vortex'cooler'could'only'cancel'out'the'equipment'heat'load'for'about'
3'hours. 'This'doesn’t'consider'any'heating'from'the'external'
environment. '
11/2/10'13:27 11/2/10'13:27
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:Cooling'of'SelfO'Contained'
HSDAS'Unit.
'The'Class'I'Division'2'Group'B'classification'involves'environments'that'could'
be'temporarily'exposed'to'explosive'levels'of'hydrogen'gas. '
The'classification'essentially'prohibits'any'possible'ignitions'sources'within'
the'classified'area. 'This'excludes'the'use'of'most'fans,'and'the'
equipment'for'the'HSDAS'system.' Any'equipment'in'the'area'
must'be'certified'for'use'in'a'Class'I'Division'2'Group'B'environment. '
According'to'the'classification,'there'are'only'a'few'safe'ways'for'housing'
unclassified'equipment'within'the'area.' The'equipment'must'
be'contained'in'an'explosive'proof'enclosure.' Heat'transfer'from'
within'the'enclosure'to'the'external'environment'must'be'performed'
through'the'enclosure'with'out'compromising'its'explosive'proof'
classification.' Additionally,'the'use'of'a'solar'screen'or'canopy'over'
the'system'would'help,'but'it'does'not'address'any'heating'effects'from'the'
internal'equipment.
11/2/10'13:28 11/2/10'13:28
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:Solution'to'Cooling'of'a'SelfO
Contained'Portable'H...
'Yes,'I'believe'a'solar'powered'134a'active'vaporOcompression'refrigeration'
system'may'be'a'good'technological'means'for'achieving'the'required'
cooling,'but'the'system'must'be'safe'for'use'in'a'Class'I'Division'2'Group'B'
environment. 'The'solar'panels'would'address'the'systems'
power'consumption,'and'they'can'be'economically'configured'for'use'in'the'
explosive'environment. 'The'compressor'and'other'related'
components'could'also'be'internally'housed'in'the'explosive'proof'enclosure,'
but'the'external'heat'exchanger'would'have'to'remain'in'the'explosive'
environment. 'Furthermore,'this'portion'of'the'system'would'
have'to'be'made'safe'for'the'hydrogen'environment. 'The'photos'on'
the'web'link'indicate'the'system'presently'utilizes'an'external'fan. '
This'would'have'to'be'redesigned. 'Maybe'an'explosive'safe'system'
could'be'constructed,'if'convection'alone'were'capable'of'dissipating'the'
heat'into'the'surrounding'atmosphere'without'thermally'going'above'the'
hydrogen'ignition'thresholds.'Overall,'the'effort'involved'in'redesigning'the'
system'may'be'economically'prohibitive,'and'a'more'direct'process'for'
transferring'the'internal'heat'to'the'external'environment'is'preferred.
11/2/10'13:29 11/2/10'13:29
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'
Portable'HSDAS'Unit
'This'is'similar'to'the'initial'thoughts'on'performing'the'required'
cooling. 'A'solar'powered'thermovoltaic'(thermoelectric)'system'was'
conceived'for'transferring'heat'out'of'the'enclosure'rather'then'producing'
power. 'The'photovoltaic'and'thermovoltaic'devices'could'be'
economically'configured'for'use'in'the'Class'I'Division'2'Group'B'explosive'
environments. 'Additionally,'a'thermovoltaic'system'could'be'
electrically'outfitted'with'a'thermal'management'control'that'prevents'the'
external'plates'from'thermally'going'above'the'hydrogen'ignition'
thresholds.
'However,'the'Coefficient'Of'Performance'(COP)'for'thermovoltaic'devices'is'
only'0.3'to'0.6. 'This'is'about'one'sixth'the'amount'of'traditional'vaporO
compression'refrigerators.' The'low'endOtoOend'performance'would'
rapidly'be'overwhelmed'by'heating'effects. 'Harvesting'solar'energy'
would'only'help'negate'the'energy'loss'due'to'the'thermovoltaic'
inefficiencies.' Moreover,'the'large'thermal'differential'needed'
for'producing'power'with'thermovoltaic'devices'is'an'issue.'
Concentrating'heat'from'the'system'and'surrounding'is'not'a'trivial'
task. 'A'thermovoltaic'device'externally'attached'to'microchannel'
cooling'loops'may'be'able'to'recover'small'amounts'of'energy,'but'the'
internal'temperatures'must'be'significantly'higher'then'external'
temperatures'for'any'noteworthy'amounts'of'power'generation. 'As'
the'internal'temperature'increases'the'thermovoltaic'power'production' 11/2/10'13:30 11/2/10'13:30
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670 RE:a'liquidObath'solution
'Internal'aluminum'plating'should'provide'adequate'thermal'coupling. '
It'is'a'manner'of'efficient'thermal'transference'from'the'interior'of'the'
enclosure'to'the'external'environment'rather'then'efficient'thermal'coupling'
to'the'equipment. 'The'key'to'the'problem'is'an'effective'refrigeration'
unit'classified'for'use'in'Class'I'Division'2'Group'B'environments.
'Yes,'a'larger'internal'mass'would'help'in'distributing'the'thermal'energy'and'
act'as'a'good'thermal'accumulator. 'This'would'also'help'take'
advantage'of'the'day'to'night'thermal'cycle,'and'the'larger'mass'would'
produce'more'of'an'average'steady'state'temperature. 'However,'this'
won’t'address'the'fundamental'issue'of'transferring'heat'to'the'
external'atmosphere. 'Furthermore,'it'isn’t'feasible'to'immerse'
the'system'components'in'a'bath.
11/2/10'13:31 11/2/10'13:31
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670 RE:Cooling'HSDAS'Unit
'I'am'a'firm'believer'in'using'a'KISS'system'when'possible.' Exclusively'
employing'a'thermal'system'without'integrating'energy'conversion'would'be'
ideal.' More'specifically,'it'would'be'preferable'to'exploit'a'primarily'
mechanical'control'for'thermally'transferring'heat'to'the'external'
environment'while'keeping'the'thermal'energy'as'thermal'energy. '
Converting'the'thermal'energy'into'electrical'energy'(or'vice'versa)'will'have'
significant'energy'losses. 'It'would'be'nice'to'use'this'favorably,'but'
unfortunately'the'energy'losses'seem'to'be'working'against'removing'heat'in'
this'situation. 'Utilizing'thermally'stored'energy'in'a'substance'such'as'
ice'seems'to'be'a'good'idea. 'I'have'been'leaning'towards'using'liquid'
nitrogen'as'a'cooling'and'purging'agent'with'some'kind'of'a'boilOoff'control.'
'Utilizing'some'kind'of'evaporator'is'a'good'efficient'way'to'remove'heat'out'
of'an'object'into'the'surrounding'environment. 'But,'this'can'be'
problematic'around'electrical'equipment. 'High'internal'
moisture'levels'can'be'damaging'to'the'HSDAS'equipment,'and'external'
humidifiers'difficult'to'employ'in'our'high'humidity'coastal'
environment. 'Similar'to'water'evaporation,'LN2'boilOoff'can'efficiently'
remove'heat'out'of'an'object'into'the'surrounding'environment,'and'it'is'
more'compatible'with'electrical'equipment.
11/2/10'13:32 11/2/10'13:32
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670 RE:cooling'HSDAS'Unit
'Relatively'speaking,'environmental'heating'effects'are'long'heating'periods,'
and'KObottles'incapable'of'sustaining'a'vortex'cooler'for'appropriate'
durations.
'A'combination'of'external'heat'mitigation'techniques'can'be'employed'to'
help'reduce'the'heat'load;'however,'an'active'heat'removal'system'will'be'
necessary.
11/2/10'13:33 11/2/10'13:33
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:Question'about'
requirements
'Power'systems'do'seem'to'have'a'little'higher'operational'temperature'then'
other'electrical'equipment. 'However,'the'life'of'electronic'
equipment'(particularly'integrated'circuitry)'is'dramatically'reduced'when'
operating'the'systems'in'heated'environments. 'Manufactures'
normally'specify'the'nominal'operational'temperature'below'85'degrees'
F.
11/2/10'13:34 11/2/10'13:34
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:Cooling'without'
consumables
'Yes,'I'believe'the'sky'is'the'best'accessible'cold'sink,'and'it'should'be'able'to'
handle'the'expected'heat'loads'without'saturating'the'local'
vicinity. 'I'am'under'the'impression'that'a'plate'heat'exchanger'
is'one'of'the'most'efficient'heat'exchangers'available. 'A'
procurable'high'efficient'heat'transferring'system'classified'for'use'in'a'Class'
I'Division'2'Group'B'environment'and'easily'mountable'in'a'mobile'enclosure'
would'be'perfect. 'The'level'of'effort'required'to'design'and'construct'
a'custom'plate'heat'exchanger'is'out'of'scope'for'this'project,'but'the'
modification'of'a'preexisting'system'may'be'achievable. 'I'can'image'a'
common'oil'filled'plate'space'heater'with'the'heating'elements'replace'with'
a'thermal'heat'sink'apparatus.
11/2/10'13:34 11/2/10'13:34
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:Cooling'of'a'SelfOcontained'
Portable'HSDAS'Unit
'It'is'common'practice'and'acceptable'to'employ'nitrogen'purged'NEMA'4X'
enclosures'for'meeting'the'required'Class'I'Division'2'Group'B'explosive'
classification. 'But,'the'purge'system'must'be'actively'
monitored'at'all'times'with'alarming'status. 'This'is'achieved'
throughout'the'test'facilities'with'a'site'wide'nitrogen'purge'system. '
Tying'into'this'system'is'not'practical'on'a'mobile'system. 'So,'the'
mobile'unit'will'have'to'be'outfitted'with'a'self'purging'system,'purge'
monitoring,'and'alarming. ' The'purge'system'must'be'
monitored'with'external'indication'even'if'the'system'loses'electrical'
power. ' This'portion'of'the'effort'has'already'been'
designed.
11/2/10'13:35 11/2/10'13:35
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:RE:Cooling'of'a'SelfO
Contained'Portable'HSDAS'Unit
'
'Yes,'using'the'ground'as'a'thermal'sink'is'not'practical. 'Additionally,'
no'specifications'were'made'for'drawing'power'from'the'internal'power'
supply'in'attempt'to'reduce'restrictions,'and'encourage'proposing'
solutions. 'Furthermore,'the'system’s'power'system'
could'conceivably'be'modified'to'reasonably'accommodate'a'thermal'control'
system.
11/2/10'13:37 11/2/10'13:37
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'
Portable'HSDAS'Unit
'Electricity'will'not'be'available'and'the'enclosure'will'be'on'a'role'around'
system'(not'mounted). 'It'is'not'practical'to'use'the'ground'as'a'
cold'sink. 'Besides,'the'surrounding'atmosphere'is'the'most'accessible'
cold'sink'and'it'should'be'adequate. ' This'approach'in'general'
could'be'achievable'with'a'custom'atmosphere'heat'exchanger.
11/2/10'13:37 11/2/10'13:37
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670
RE:Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'
Portable'HSDAS'Unit'
'Modifying'a'commercial'product'could'be'a'fine'and'economical'
approach. ' However,'a'lot'of'these'systems'are'not'designed'to'
be'power'conservative,'but'a'few'use'sensibly'efficient'DC'
compressors/condensers.' It'is'my'impression'that'this'kind'of'
DC'system'has'a'short'life. 'I'have'seen'some'units'that'employ'electric'
heating'elements'in'the'condensers,'but'they'are'commonly'made'for'use'
with'propane'burners. 'The'electric'heating'elements'are'used'
only'when'electric'power'is'available. 'These'systems'
don’t'seem'to'work'very'long'on'battery'power. 'Some'of'the'
small'car'coolers'use'thermovoltaic'plates'(not'efficient).
11/2/10'13:39 11/2/10'13:39
399
Cooling'of'a'SelfOContained'Portable'
HSDAS'Unit 686 16670 RE:Stirling'cooler
'This'looks'good. 'The'coleman'cooler'used'a'Free'Piston'Stirling'
Cooler'(FPSC)'module'made'by'Global'Cooling'
(www.globacooling.com). 'The'coleman'coolers'(400$)'are'currently'
unavailable. 'However,'the'FPSC'module'appears'to'be'available'as'
medical'transportation'units. 'The'medical'grade'systems'are'a'little'
pricey'(2,500$'to'10,000$),'but'Global'Cooling'has'a'line'of'bare'bones'PFSC'
modules'without'any'cooler'housings. 'They'are'made'for'integrating'
into'other'housings,'and'they'may'be'available'directly'from'Global'
Cooling. 'Global'Cooling'has'modules'for'obtaining'0C'to'O100C. '
The'0C'M150'module'is'about'5'by'11'inches'and'powered'by'12'volts.'
Additionally,'the'compact'modules'have'a'Coefficient'Of'Performance'
(COP)'of'2'and'they'are'only'about'5'pounds.' Furthermore,'the'FPSC'
modules'are'environmentally'friendly'and'they'seem'to'be'one'of'the'best'
matched'systems'available. 'The'coolers'are'not'classic'Stirling'
engines,'but'they'are'only'based'on'the'stirling'cycle. 'The'FPSC'is'a'
freeOpiston'machine'supported'by'nonOcontact'gas'bearings'and'driven'by'a'
linear'motor'for'cyclically'expanding'and'compressing'helium. 'The'
main'portion'of'the'unit'could'be'house'in'the'enclosure,'but'the'heat'
exchanger'would'need'some'design'work'for'use'in'a'Class'I'Division'2'Group'
B'explosive'environment. 'The'FPSC'normally'comes'with'a'thermal'fin'
heat'sink'as'the'external'heat'exchanger,'and'the'required'modification'to'
the'heat'sink'would'be'minimal. 'The'biggest'challenge'would'be'
mounting'the'FPSC'module'into'the'enclosures.
11/2/10'13:40 11/2/10'13:40
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 691 16679
This'board'was'created'to'
discuss'the'solutions'for'this'
Challenge Discuss'the'solutions'for'this'Challenge' 8/6/10'16:02 8/6/10'16:02
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 16679
Discuss'the'challenge'and'
submit'your'solution Please'discuss'this'Challenge'here 8/6/10'16:02 8/23/10'16:06
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 19102
High'Temp'Cu'wire'attachment'
Solution
Use'mechanical'force'to'clamp'wire'with'crimped'connector'to'contact'
pad. This'can'be'achieved'by'first'crimping'a'flat'connector'
with'hole'in'flat'to'22'AWG'wire. 'Crimp'may'be'soldered'to'connector'
for'extra'conductivity. 'Drill'or'punch'hole'in'Kapton'film'contact'pad,'
ensuring'that'enough'contact'metal'on'pad'to'make'good'mechanical'
contact'with'crimped'connector. 'Use'screw,'washers,'and'nut'to'
fasten'crimped'connector'to'contact'pad'at'point'where'hole'is'punched'in'
Kapton. 'Use'thread'adhesive'if'needed'to'keep'nut'from'
loosening.
8/23/10'16:06 8/25/10'14:17
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 17048
RE:Discuss'the'challenge'and'
submit'your'solution
Have'you'considered'thermoOcompression'bonding?
8/23/10'16:06 8/23/10'16:06
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 19581
High'Temp'Cu'wire'attachment'
solution
Have'you'tried'to'tig'weld'the'Cu'wires'to'the'Cu'pads? 'We'
have'successfully welded'copper'fittings'together'using'the'TIG'
welding'process.
8/23/10'16:10 8/25/10'14:16
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 17703 High'Temperature'Bond
EP21TCHTO1'from'MasterBond '
http://www.masterbond.com/sg/masterbond_htsg.pdf 'good'
to'400F'(204C)'may'work.
Not'sure'why'you'cannot'solder'the'multistrand'wire'to'the'pad,'as'
indicated'by'QuangOViet'above.
8/23/10'16:15 8/23/10'16:15
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 20280
Bonding'of'Copper'Wires'to'
Thin'Substrate
The'microelctronics'industry'attaches'wires'to'thin'substrates'using'a'
number'of'methods. 'One'method'is ultrasonic'welding.'The'
description'of'the'problem'and'its'application'seem'well'suited'to'ultrasonic'
welding. 'No'additional'materials'need'to'be'added'to'the'bond'joint,'
and'the'bond'is'dependent'upon'the'interaction'of'the'atoms'of'the'wire'and'
copper'film. 'Air'bubble'issues and'thermal'expansion'
mismatch should'be'removed'from'the'equation. The'problem'
owners'should'investigate'the'various'ultrasonic'welding'techniques'and'
processes'that'are'available'to'determine'if'there'is'one'that'will'work'for'
this'problem.
8/23/10'17:40 8/25/10'14:19
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 20545
RE:High'Temp'Cu'wire'
attachment'Solution
Mechanical'should'be'the'way'to'go'if'soldering'isn't'possible'(although'it'
should'be,'the'Cu'coating'may'need'to'be'thicker'on'the'pad.) 'A'small'
clamp'of'some'sort'with'a'footprint'similar'in'size'to'the'pad. 'Teeth'
on'2'out'of'3'edges'of'the'clamp'could'hold'it'in'place'while'reducing'the'
chances'of'pullout.
8/23/10'17:43 8/23/10'17:43
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 21470
High'tempCu'wire'attachment'
solution
Try'a'copper'alloy'with'1'percent'and'also'3'percent'tungsten.
8/24/10'10:54 8/24/10'10:54
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 21520 HighOtemp'wire'attachment
'This'method'
would'require'a'cure'at'a'minimum'temperature'of'150C.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 17565 Solution'from'auto'industry
'
8/31/10'7:59 8/31/10'7:59
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 17565 Layout'wire'without'Joints
Another'approach'is'to'not'have'a'joint'at'all. 'Instead'from'
a'shape'out'of'insulated'wire'in'serpentine'pattern. 'A'24'or'26'gauge'
wire'would'be'better'suited.
8/31/10'8:12 9/3/10'7:28
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 16679 RE:Layout'wire'without'Joints
We'need'voltage'resistance'up'to'10'kV,'not'1'kV.
8/31/10'10:01 8/31/10'10:01
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 16840 Using'a'rivet'approach
I'believe'that'this'is'a'very'similar'scenario'as'that'of'grounding'
MLI blanketing'materials. 'MLI blanketing'consists'of'thin'
mylar'sheets'that'have'a'simliar'1000O2000'angstrom'aluminum'layer'
deposited'on'them'which'all'must'be'grounded'for'ESD'reasons. 'One'
way'this'is'done'is'to'bascially'take'aluminum'foil'and'fold'it'into'an'
accordion'shape,'and'then'slide'each'layer'of'the'blanket'into'a'
corresponding'fold'of'the'foil. 'You'then'pass'a'rivet'through'this'to'
clamp'all'of'the'layers'together'and'just'have'the'wire'attached'to'the'rivet'
on'one'end'as'a'pigtail. 'You'can'use'a'rivet'that'allows'for'a'
decent'amount'of'surface'area'to'be'included'in'the'clamp,'this'is'somehting'
that'could'be'experimented'with. 'The'best'part'is'that'no'epoxies'are'
required,'and'there's'really'no'sensitivity'to'temperature. 'You'could'
probably'even'implement'two'joints'per'sheet'or'something'as'well'for'
redundancy.
You'could'use'copper'foil'to'keep'everything'uniform'as'well. '
Should'be'an'easy'method'to'try'out'in'a'lab'to'make'some'continuity'
measurements'with'as'well'as'some'mechanical'stress'tests,'etc.
9/2/10'9:27 9/2/10'9:27
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 17565 RE:Layout'wire'without'Joints
Here'is'a'simple'sketch'of'a'possible'layout. 'Note'that'the'wire'is'
layed'out'in'a'manner'to'reduce'inductance'but'some'inductance'will'
remain.
9/3/10'7:21 9/3/10'7:21
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 17565
RE:RE:Layout'wire'without'
Joints
The'
biggest'consideration'is'whether'an'outer'ground'shield'is'required. '
This'shield'is'often'required'for'safety'on'HV wiring. 'The'shield'
would'also'help'limit'the'electric'field'to'the'area'of'the'pad'and'reduce'the'
field'around'the'cables.'This'shield'will'greatly'increase'both'the'size'and'
stiffness'of'the'wires.
Note'that'in'this'design'any'shield'would'have'
to'be'removed'starting'where'the'wire'first'meets'the'
pad.
9/3/10'7:28 9/3/10'7:28
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 23804
High'temperature'wire'
attachment'method
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
402
High'Temperature'Wire'Attachment'
Method 692 19731
Soldering,'Low'Temperature'
Copper'Bonding,'and'more
'I'have'discussed'some'things'to'consider'if'looking'at'soldering'as'an'option'
for'this'application'in'the'informal'discussion'in'the'attached'pdf.'
Copper'is'easy'to'solder'so'I'think'it's'a'good'option'to'test'for'
this'application.
'I'also'have'mentioned'and'referenced'a'couple'of'studies'in'regards'to'low'
temperature'bonding'of'copper'to'copper'for'use'with'organic'substrates.'
I'think'these'might'be'useful'if'it'is'found'that'soldering'has'
insufficient'mechanical'properties'or'requires'a'temperature'that'is'not'
workable'for'the'kapton'film.' It'sounds'like'there'has'been'a'lot'more'
work'in'this'field'than'just'what'I'referenced,'but'this'is'a'great'start.'
Copper'pillars'are'mentioned,'and'they'might'help'with'the'thin'
copper'layer'where'more'thickness'is'needed.
'Ultrasonic'welding'is'an'option,'but'I'see'the'kapton'being'an'issue'for'
clamping.
9/20/10'17:11 9/20/10'17:11
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 693 16688
This'board'was'created'to'
discuss'the'solutions'for'this'
Challenge Discuss'the'solutions'for'this'Challenge' 8/9/10'9:28 8/9/10'9:28
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 16688
Discuss'the'challenge'and'
submit'your'solution Please'discuss'this'Challenge'here 8/9/10'9:28 9/3/10'10:30
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 17532
RE:Discuss'the'challenge'and'
submit'your'solution
Have'you'considered'a'fresnel'lens'overlay? 'A'
fresnel'lens'would'allow'you'to'focus'light'onto'smaller'area,'thus'increasing'
efficiency. 'I'm'not'sure'whether'or'not'it'would'be'useful'for'tuning'to'
particular'wavelengths.
8/9/10'14:16 8/9/10'14:16
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 17518
RE:Discuss'the'challenge'and'
submit'your'solution
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 17861 Infrared'solar'cells
Researchers'have'been'working'on'tapping'the'IR'as'well'as'the'UV'(more'
difficult)'portions'of'the'spectrum.
For'example'see:
8/12/10'14:22 8/24/10'11:05
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 18777 NanoSemiconductor'Solar'Cells
The'Idaho'National'Lab'and'Idaho'State'University'are'working'on'both'
select'band'and'broadband'solar'cells'made'of'precision'nanoparticle'
semiconductors. 'See'following'websites.
http://www.gizmag.com/researchersOdevelopingOsolarO
technologyOthatOworksOatOnight/8574/
While'there'are'manufacturing'hurdles'yet'to'be'overcome,'in'a'space'
setting,'cost'may'be'less'important'than'weight'and'efficiency.
8/19/10'16:08 8/19/10'16:08
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 17565 Smoothing'out'Solar'Power
There'is'now'an'enormous'burgeoning'market'on'Earth'for'electrical'
energy'storage'for'allOelectric'cars'and'to'smooth'out'alternative'energy'
generation,'especially'solar.
EEStor. They'have'a'
new'factory'down'in'Texas'that'will'make'Electrical'Energy'Storage'Units'
(EESU)'for'allOelectric'cars.
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 17565 RE:Smoothing'out'Solar'Power
How'AllOElectric'Cars'Enable'Alternative'Energy
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 17565
The'Solar'Forge'is'Available'
Now
Back'in'the'1970's'I'designed'a'system'for'building'solar'concentrators'for'
industrial'process'in'developing'nations'called'the'
Like'all'concentrators'it'was'only'cost' 8/21/10'13:27 9/3/10'10:26
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 16688
RE:multiOlayer'solar'cell'
material'absorbs'different'...
Thank'you'for'the'PDF. 'This'is'a'conventional'approach'to'solving'
the'problem'that'we'talk'about'in'the'challenge'statement. '
We're'looking'for'something'different'from'this'kind'of'solution.'
8/24/10'11:05 8/24/10'11:05
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 16688
RE:Electrostatic'Behavior'of'
Surfaces
Do'you'know'which'group'in'Israel?
8/24/10'11:05 8/24/10'11:05
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 18346
RE:RE:Electrostatic'Behavior'of'
Surfaces
Quote'from'Pugel,'Diane'E.'(GSFCO5530)':'
-
Challenge(Number Title Discussion(Board(ID Author(ID Subject Post Create(Date Last(Reply(Date
403
Responsive'Solar'Cell'for'Variable'
Environment'Power'Generation 694 21869
wavelengths'vs'bandgaps'vs'
dopents
My'understanding'is'that'you'absorb'different'wavelengths'based'
primarily'on'the'bandgap'of'the'material'used