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CHAIRSAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL
WorkCover. Watching out for you.
TOOL 2001WORKCOVER NSW SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL
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Disclaimer
This publication contains information regarding occupational health, safety, injury management or workers compensation. It includes some of your
obligations under the various workers compensation and occupational health and safety legislation that WorkCover NSW administers. To ensure you
comply with your legal obligations you must refer to the appropriate Acts.
This publication may refer to WorkCover NSW administered legislation that has been amended or repealed. When reading this publication you
should always refer to the latest laws. Information on the latest laws can be checked at www.nsw.gov.au or contact (02) 9238 0950 or
1800 463 955 (NSW country only).
© WorkCover NSW
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WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 1 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAIR (Construction Hazard AssessmentImplication Review) is a tool to assistdesigners, constructors, clients and other keystakeholders to come together to reduceconstruction, maintenance, repair anddemolition safety risks associated withdesign.
CHAIR was developed in support of theConstruction Memorandum of Understanding(MOU). The MOU was signed in 1998between the NSW Government and the ChiefExecutive Officers of the principal contractorsand major industry associations in the NSWconstruction industry.
The signatories to the MOU have worked inpartnership to implement measures toimprove the construction industry’s OHS andinjury management performance.
CHAIR was developed in close consultationwith contractors and design professionals. Itwas prepared by Mr David Franklin and wassponsored by BHP Engineering, Bovis LendLease and Transfield Pty Ltd. The assistanceof Mr Franklin and these organisations isgratefully acknowledged.
The Australian Council of Building DesignProfessions (BDP) and the Royal AustralianInstitute of Architects (RAIA) support the useof CHAIR. The BDP believes that along withthe quality and amenity of the builtenvironment, its safety is also determined atthe design stage. "CHAIR is a tool that willenable better safety awareness and solutionsfor improving safety and construction throughidentifying potential hazards by a coordinatedapproach by all stakeholders.
The RAIA also believes the value of CHAIRarises from its common sense approach andpracticality in drawing key stakeholderstogether to co-operatively plan for safety.
Other products developed under the auspicesof the Construction MOU include:
Subby Pack: OHS Contractor Management ToolHazard Profile: Identification Tool for Metal
RoofingIdentification Tool forElectrical Hazards on-siteIdentification Tool forBricklayingIdentification Tool forFormworkIdentification Tool forAluminium Mobile ScaffoldsIdentification Tool for SteelReinforcement FixingIdentification Tool forConcrete PlacementIdentification Tool forDemolition
Supervisor Manual: OHS Training ToolSafety Meter: Positive Performance
Measurement Tool
Another valuable tool to assist small andmedium-sized businesses to systematicallymanage safety is WorkCover’s WorkplaceSafety Kit.
More information about each of theseproducts can be obtained by contactingWorkCover NSW on 131050 or atwww.workcover.nsw.gov.au.
preamble
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WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 2 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mmsectional sofas
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WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 3 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
1. Introduction 4
2. The Importance of Safe Design 6
3. The CHAIR Process 8
3.1 CHAIR-1 Study: Conceptual Design Review 10
3.2 CHAIR-2 Study: Detailed Design Construction or Demolition Review 12
3.3 CHAIR-3 Study: Detailed Design Maintenance & Repair Review 14
4. CHAIR-1 Example 15
5. CHAIR-3 Example 18
6. Case Studies 19
7. References 26
8. GUIDEWORDS 27CHAIR Introduction 28
CHAIR 1 38Summary of CHAIR-1 Study Guidewords - Generic 39Summary of CHAIR-1 Study Guidewords - Overview 40Sample CHAIR -1 Minute Recording Sheet 41CHAIR-1 Study Guidewords - Generic 42CHAIR-1 Study Guidewords - Overview 53
CHAIR 2 68Summary of CHAIR-2 Study Guidewords 69Sample CHAIR-2 Minute Recording Sheet 70CHAIR-2 Study Guidewords 71
CHAIR 3 77CHAIR-3 Worksheet 78CHAIR-3 Study Guidewords 79
ADDITIONAL CHAIR STUDY GUIDEWORDS 91
table of contents
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Consideration of occupational health andsafety (OHS) issues in the design stage of aconstruction project has been identified asessential for improved OHS outcomes. AUnited Kingdom study found that nearly twothirds of the injuries and fatalities onconstruction sites could be traced to designdecisions and lack of planning in this keyelement of a project (Churcher & Alwani Starr,1996).
CHAIR, an acronym for Construction HazardAssessment and Implication Review, is a toolthat has been developed to bring together allthe key stakeholders involved in design tohelp identify and eliminate (or minimise)inherent risks in a structured and systematicway. The name CHAIR was also selectedbecause a function of both a chair and adesign review is to provide an opportunity tosit down, pause and reflect on possibleproblems.
CHAIR provides a rigorous framework for afacilitated discussion that is stimulated byguidewords or prompts. These prompts assistthe key stakeholders to collectively identifyand reduce construction, maintenance repairand demolition safety risks associated with adesign. Those risks are then formally listedfor action by the appropriate stakeholders.
CHAIR recognises that a design involves keyconsiderations such as operability, aestheticsand economics with the elements of safety.It also acknowledges that a design processmay be determined by many differentstakeholders and/or influences. The CHAIRmethodology aims to involve these elementsand influences.
It is intended to be applied to projects wherethe design or construction is unique, unusual,or of sufficient inherent hazard that a formaldetailed assessment is warranted.
The primary aim of a CHAIR is to identify andeliminate or minimise risks in a design assoon as possible in the life of a project.There are three phases of CHAIR:
1. introduction
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CHAIR ONE is performed at the conceptualstage of a design, which is the bestopportunity to make fundamental change,even though much of the design is still to bedetermined.
CHAIR TWO focuses on construction anddemolition issues and is performed just priorto construction, when the full detailed designis known.
CHAIR THREE focuses on maintenance andrepair issues and is performed at the sametime as the CHAIR 2 study.
This is illustrated in the following diagram :
For example, a CHAIR study could be usedduring the design stage to improve safetyduring the construction process by:
■ designing multistorey buildings so theexterior wall covering (precast panels etc.)can be installed as soon as the frameworkis in place and most trades begin work onfloor;
■ eliminating the need for installingtemporary barriers by designing higherparapet walls or an integrated guardrailsystem along all roof edges;
■ minimising the use of temporary
scaffolding by designing permanentstairways and walkways to be constructedfirst (Hinze 1996).
By proactively considering construction,maintenance, repair and demolition issues,the CHAIR framework should not only helpreduce the number of construction industryincidents, but also assist in improvingconstructability and reducing the life cyclecosts associated with building and civil designprojects.
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The design process involves a range ofparticipants and stakeholders. It includesdesigners, specialist consultants, clients,users, approval authorities and (at times)project managers and constructors. The art ofdesign involves consideration of a range ofissues such as aesthetics, function, safetyand environment. Such considerations canarise due to experience, legislation, codes andstandards, expertise, logic, checklists and anyother means.
Previous experience greatly assists withidentification of safety risks associated with adesign. However, to learn from previousexperience requires an incident to haveoccurred, be adequately documented and theinformation made available to the relevantparties involved in the design process.
Codes and standards tend to address theobvious risks and are less effective inidentifying previously unforeseen hazards.When a design is no longer simple orstraightforward, or involves unique, unusual orpotentially hazardous design, there may notexist sufficient experience or codes ofpractice to adequately consider all safetyissues (Kletz, 1990).
There is a balance of responsibilities betweena designer, a constructor and other relevantstakeholders, such as clients or specialistconsultants. It is important that allparticipants [WC1] highlight unusual safetyrisks associated with a design and requiredconstruction. As outlined by Churcher &Alwani-Starr (1996), those involved in thedesign process should:
■ identify the hazards presented by potentialdesign solutions and consider the risksthese hazards will generate forconstruction workers and others who maybe affected by the construction work (e.g.members of the public);
■ include health and safety considerationsamongst the design options so that theycan avoid the hazards, reduce their impactor introduce control measures to protectthose at risk where it is reasonablypracticable;
■ forewarn the contractor of the residualhazards that have been identified withinthe design and will need to be managedduring the construction work.
Eliminating the hazard is the first risk controlthat should obviously be considered. If thehazard cannot be eliminated (for exampleeliminating risks associated with maintenanceby using aluminium/stainless steel, whichrequires no regular painting), risk can beminimised by using a series of steps known asthe hierarchy of risk control. Including:
■ substituting the system of work or plantwith something safer (e.g. pre-assembledequipment at ground level rather thanheight);
■ modifying the system of work or plant tomake it safer (e.g. ensure attachmentpoints for lifting, window cleaning, safetylines, etc.);
■ isolating the hazard (e.g. introducerestricted areas);
2. the importance of safe design
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■ introducing engineering controls (e.g.prevent falls from buildings duringconstruction/maintenance by increasingwall/edge height).
Only when the above risk control options havebeen exhausted should consideration (andmore importantly reliance) be given topersonal protective equipment (e.g. safetyharnesses) or adopting administrative controlssuch as hazard warning signs.
Design is the process of considering options.In developing and understanding theseoptions, there is also the ability to improvesafety and reduce costs. For example, thecosts associated with assembling large scalescaffolding may far exceed the costsassociated with alternate design and/orconstruction materials. Similarly, anemphasis placed on achieving a design thatwould be safe and efficient to erect, ratherthan the traditional approach of minimisingsteel tonnage, did result in lower project costs(Holland & WorkCover, 1997).
Essentially, given the opportunity to considerthe design in a formal and systematic way, asmarter design results - and a smarter designinvariably leads to a safer design.
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A CHAIR study is intended to help identifythat a design needs to consider operability,aesthetics, economics, with the elements ofsafety in constructability and maintainabilitythat together form the final design. A CHAIRprovides a structured forum to ensure there is
opportunity to forsee construction,maintenance, repair and demolition safetyissues, so they can be eliminated or modifiedas part of the design process.
The process for CHAIR is as follows:
3. the CHAIR process
1. Assemble a CHAIR study team (include all stakeholders).
2. Define the objectives and the scope of the study.
3. Agree on a set of guidewords / prompts to assist brainstorming process.
4. Partition the design (CHAIR-1, CHAIR-3) or construction process (CHAIR-2) into logical blocks of appropriate size.
5. For each logical block, use various guidewords to assist with theidentification of safety aspects/issues.
6. Discuss associated risks and determine if the safety risk can be eliminated.
7. If the safety risk cannot be eliminated, determine how it might be reduced.
8. Assess whether the proposed risk controls (i.e. expected safeguards, etc.)are appropriate (is the risk as low as reasonably practicable).
9. Document comments, actions and recommendations - determineappropriate method for design issues still to be resolved.
(Based on Wells 1996)
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The Facilitator
The success of a CHAIR study is dependenton the ability of a facilitator to select and usethe experience and expertise of the studyteam to critically evaluate the design.Therefore, the selection of a facilitator iscritical.
The facilitator should be sufficiently removedfrom the design process that he or she doesnot take the questions or suggestions comingfrom workshop participants as personalcriticism, nor feel the need to defend thedesign concept. As the whole purpose of aworkshop is to test the design concept from asafety-in-construction standpoint, the role ofthe facilitator is to encourage workshopparticipants to constructively challenge thedesign and explore whether issues have beenoverlooked or sufficiently thought through.
It is recommended that the facilitator shouldhave the following attributes:
■ an understanding of the principles ofsafety in construction;
■ the respect, or potential to quickly gain therespect, of workshop participants;
■ as a minimum, a broad understanding ofthe project;
■ the ability to bring out the views of adiverse range of people participating in theworkshop to constructively challenge thedesign concept;
■ the ability to put forward their own viewsand thus provoke thought, but withoutdominating the workshop;
■ the ability to keep the workshop on trackand moving along (issues that can’t beresolved relatively quickly should be listedfor action outside the workshop).
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3.1 CHAIR-1 study: conceptual design review
Introduction
The purpose of the CHAIR-1 study is to reviewthe conceptual design and identify thesignificant construction, maintenance, repairand demolition safety risks associated with aproject. By identifying and understandingthese risks very early in the project phase, riskcontrols can be established to ensure that, ifthese risks cannot be eliminated, they are atleast managed so they are as low as isreasonably practicable.
Organisations typically perform feasibility orconceptual operational design assessmentswhich cover the various function andelements of a design, including safety. Thefocus of these assessments is at afundamental level, where it is still possible toradically change the design concept andsignificantly improve safety and operability.The effectiveness of such studies isdiminished when time is spent on lesssignificant issues, which are moreappropriately addressed as part of detaileddesign.
Those involved in the design process shouldhave an informed view of the overall“constructability” and “maintainability” ofthe design, as not only do they influencesafety, they also influence project andoperability costs. Such influences may notnecessarily be mutually exclusive.
Only what is reasonable to foresee at the timea concept design is reviewed can be expectedfrom any design review. It may be possible forrisks which cannot be foreseen or addressedat the CHAIR-1 stage to be considered at theCHAIR-2 and CHAIR-3 stages.
CHAIR-1 Study Team
A designer should be well informed but is notexpected to know everything, especially withregard to detailed construction techniques.Therefore, the designer, or a single third party,in isolation should not perform a CHAIR-1study. What is required is essentially asystematic and formalised “brainstorming”workshop, which involves the appropriatestakeholders (designers, construction,maintenance, safety representatives, etc.),and is led by a facilitator who is a “thirdparty” to the design (but could belong to oneof the stakeholder organisations).
As the CHAIR-1 study is undertaken at theconceptual stage of the design process, it isdifficult to indicate who should attend aCHAIR-1 meeting. The appropriateparticipants will depend on the type of projectbeing considered. Participants may include:architect, design manager, constructionmanager, safety specialist, client,construction foreperson, project managers,engineers and service consultants. A CHAIR-1 study provides an opportunity for people tocontribute to improving safety using theirspecialised knowledge. By using a diversegroup of people and a systematicmethodology, the chance of overlooking amajor problem is significantly reduced.
CHAIR-1 Guidewords
A CHAIR-1 study is a form of safety analysissimilar to a technique used in thepetrochemical industry called Hazard andOperability (HAZOP) study.
HAZOP has been detailed extensively inliterature, as well as in NSW government
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publications (DUAP (1996) and MRD(1997)). One of the main elements of aHAZOP is the use of guidewords, applied tovarious sections of the design, to stimulatediscussion and risk identification. Similarly,the methodology of a CHAIR-1 study is todivide the proposed design into logic blocksand consider the implications of theguidewords for that element.
It is critical that the guidewords provided beused as a prompt to promote discussion ofissues and not as a checklist of issues to beconsidered.
A full list of CHAIR-1 keywords is provided atthe beginning of the Chair 1 section. Thedevelopment of the CHAIR-1 guidewords wasbased on the assumption that the CHAIR-1study would be structured on the design (andnot a proposed construction method) beingdivided into logical blocks.
As occurs in all such methods, there is atendency for the number of guidewords to beincreased, until eventually the method beginsto lose its value (Wells, 1996). Therefore,non-specific guidewords have been selectedto provide prompts to the discussions.
The guidewords have been organised into twotypes: “generic” (applicable in most casesregardless of the type of design to eachelement) and “overview” (used at the end of aCHAIR-1 study to review issues that relate tothe whole design concept).
A CHAIR-1 facilitator should review theapplicability of guidewords (includingadditional words that may be required) as partof the preparation for the CHAIR-1 workshop.If additional guidewords are suggested duringa CHAIR-1 meeting, then they should be used(and recorded).
CHAIR-1 Procedure
There is a tendency with any design to keepalong the same process path as first envisaged
by the designer. The other difficulty is thatthere remains a tendency to use “add-on”safety measures as the first solution. Theobject of a CHAIR-1 study is to promote a fullexchange of ideas in an enthusiasticenvironment.
A CHAIR-1 methodology follows that of mostsafety analysis (Harms-Ringdahl, 1993) inthat:
■ the design is divided into logicalcomponents for analysis;
■ for each component of the design, sourcesof risks or other factors related to the risksof accidents are identified;
■ an assessment is carried out as to theappropriateness of the risk and its controls.
As outlined by Wells (1996), the criticalexamination of a system requires carefulchairing to stop the meeting getting boggeddown or rambling too widely. Given goodguidance and common sense, it is possible toobtain sensible and useful results.
CHAIR-1 Documentation
It is obviously important to document thefindings, attendees, methodology, guidewordsand findings of a CHAIR-1 study. A layout forrecording the minutes of a CHAIR-1 meetingis provided in the Chair 1 section, “Sample -Chair 1- Minute Recording Sheet”. A majorcomponent of an effective CHAIR-1 study isthe recording of the meeting minutes. Theseare best recorded by someone who has a goodunderstanding of the project, to ensurerecords are taken accurately and efficiently.
The minutes typically only recorded thoseidentified risks that require action or followup, or to justify where, after a detaileddecision is made by the CHAIR-1 team, theexisting design element is retained.
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Introduction
A CHAIR-2 study is performed as the detaileddesign is approaching completion, but wellbefore commencement of construction. Inmany cases, it may be possible to identify theconstructor who would actually be performingthe work to assist in performing the study.
CHAIR-2 is a specific type of study, in that itis focused on ways in which a design can bemodified to eliminate or reduce constructionand/or demolition hazards. It does notreplace Job Safety Analysis or SafeworkMethod Statements which are performed bythe construction organisation and outline allthe safety controls to be employed to controlthe risk. The primary focus of a CHAIR-2study is to ensure that, from a designperspective, as much as can reasonably beconsidered practical has been contemplatedand incorporated into the design to minimiseconstruction or demolition hazards.
CHAIR-2 Study Team
As with a CHAIR-1 study, a CHAIR-2 study isperformed by a group of people who areinvolved in the design and construction of theproject, the composition of the team beingdependent on the scope and nature of thedesign under examination. The criticalelements being an appropriate CHAIR-2facilitator, appropriate selection of CHAIR-2workshop attendees, application of specificCHAIR-2 guidewords, and clear recording andfollow-up of the minutes from the CHAIR-2meeting.
CHAIR-2 Guidewords
A critical difference between CHAIR-1 andCHAIR-2 studies is that analysis for a CHAIR-2 study is structured towards the proposedconstruction (or demolition) sequence, ratherthan using a logical breakdown of the specificdesign. The reason for this is that at thedetailed design stage, there is lessopportunity to fundamentally change thedesign. However, there would exist thepossibility to modify the design with regard tothe intended construction or demolitionmethod, the details of which would not havebeen available at a CHAIR-1 study stage. Italso provides a different assessmentperspective from a CHAIR-1 study foridentifying safety risks.
Therefore, the guidewords to be used for aCHAIR-2 study are different to reflect the taskoriented approach of the constructionsequence. The aim of a CHAIR-2methodology is to acknowledge that the basicdesign will be built, but also to identify designmodifications that would result in saferconstruction or demolition techniques.
As the number of construction sequences maybe large, the number of guidewords availableis limited to ensure that a CHAIR-2 studydoes not become laborious. A list of theCHAIR 2 guidewords is provided the Chair 2section -”SUMMARY-CHAIR 2-GUIDEWORDS”.
The guidewords have been based on theapproach of Critical Examination of SystemSafety (Wells, 1996) and are applied in the
3.2 CHAIR-2 study: detailed design constructionor demolition review
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sequence presented. Thus the first aim is toeliminate or substitute a dangerousconstruction or demolition step or the maincauses of accidents (Davies & Tomasin,1990). In some cases, it might be best tocombine certain construction processes tomake them safer. To avoid is a less stringentaction and means that it may be possible toevade certain conditions or actions deemed tobe undesirable. The final guideword containssome basic suggestions that might promptother construction or demolition safety issues.
CHAIR-2 Procedure
The purpose of the CHAIR-2 study is not toidentify every single construction ordemolition step or risk, for a large proportionof them should be well known to competentconstructors. However, it is likely that therewill exist some risks which would not normallybe expected in the context of the normalconstruction, and these are intended to beidentified and assessed.
It should be noted that as part of the inputprior to a CHAIR-2 meeting, it is expectedthat the design team would providedocumentation, in broad terms, as to how it isexpected the particular design would beconstructed.
A CHAIR-2 methodology involves:
■ the construction sequence divided intodefined logical steps for analysis;
■ each construction step, sources of risks orother factors related to the risks ofaccidents being identified;
■ an assessment carried out as to theappropriateness of the risk and its controlsto improve the design and clarify a preferredconstruction method and sequence.
CHAIR-2 Documentation
As with a CHAIR-1 study, it is important toadequately document the findings, attendees,methodology, guidewords and findings of aCHAIR-2 Study. A layout for recording theminutes of a CHAIR-2 meeting is provided inthe CHAIR-2 section “Sample - Chair 2 -Minute Recording Sheet”.
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A CHAIR-3 study is performed as the detaileddesign is approaching completion, but wellbefore construction commences. It isessentially performed at the same time as aCHAIR-2. In some cases, it may be possibleto identify the owner’s maintenance andrepair personnel who could contributeinformation to the study.
Depending on the size and complexity of adesign, a CHAIR-3 could be performed by asingle person or a small team, provided theyhave:
■ a knowledge of hazard identificationtechniques and an understanding of how torate the importance (risk or level of danger)of the problems identified;
■ a thorough knowledge of the current designto the extent of understanding the functionof every plant and equipment item andknowledge of the way/s each item can fail(the failure modes);
■ extensive practical experience.
A CHAIR-3 study is more a document thatdemonstrates the appropriateness ofmaintenance and repair of items and plantand equipment. It would be expected that theformat of the study could be flexible, with anexample format provided in CHAIR-3 section,“Chair-3 Worksheet”.
3.3 CHAIR-3 study: detailed design maintenance& repair review
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WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 16 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
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ic i
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yeq
uipm
ent
equi
pmen
t op
erat
ions
OVE
RVI
EW
10
.E
nvir
onm
enta
l S
tron
g U
V ra
diat
ion
Unp
rote
cted
out
door
Im
pact
to
wor
kers
PP
E,
hats
, Te
mpo
rary
off
ice
site
loc
atio
n C
ondi
tion
sen
viro
nmen
tet
csh
ould
be
plan
ned
so t
hat
som
e su
itab
le s
hade
tre
es a
re
reta
ined
to
prov
ide
UV
prot
ecti
on d
urin
g br
eaks
11
.E
xter
nal
Saf
ety
No
sign
ific
ant
risk
In
terf
aces
iden
tifi
ed
12
.To
xici
tyN
o si
gnif
ican
t ri
sk
iden
tifi
ed
13
.Fi
re/E
xplo
sion
No
sign
ific
ant
risk
id
enti
fied
14
.E
nvir
onm
enta
l N
eed
to m
aint
ain
flor
a W
attl
e an
d ot
her
Res
tric
ted
visi
on
Non
eE
nsur
e fl
ora
spec
ies
low
in
A.P
.Im
pact
alon
g ro
adsi
desp
ecie
s lik
ely
to
resu
lts
heig
ht g
row
th a
nd l
ow i
n cr
eate
a n
eed
for
mai
nten
ance
on-g
oing
mai
nten
ance
15
.U
tilit
ies
and
No
sign
ific
ant
risk
Ser
vice
sid
enti
fied
...
...
...
19
.In
spec
tion
and
N
o si
gnif
ican
t ri
sk
Test
ing
iden
tifi
ed
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 17 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
No.
Gui
dew
ord
Ris
k Is
sue
Cau
ses
Con
sequ
ence
sS
afeg
uard
sA
ctio
nP
erso
n R
esp.
20
.M
aint
enan
ceM
inim
isin
g N
eed
to r
egul
arly
In
jury
- M
aint
enan
ce
PP
EG
uide
post
s, s
igns
and
m
aint
enan
ce
mai
ntai
n eq
uipm
ent
wor
ker
hit
by v
ehic
lem
arki
ngs
are
to b
e se
lect
ed
requ
irem
ents
gen
eral
ly
wit
h co
nsid
erat
ion
of f
utur
e m
eans
min
imis
ing
OH
S r
isks
in
carr
ying
out
O
HS
ris
ksre
pair
s an
d re
plac
emen
t
21
.D
ocum
enta
tion
Fina
l do
cum
enta
tion
D
esig
n sa
fety
act
ion
Des
ign
does
not
N
/AP
rodu
ce c
ompl
eted
aud
it
R.T
.to
con
tain
aud
it o
f no
t ac
ted
upon
achi
eve
safe
ty r
isks
re
port
one
mon
th p
rior
to
com
plet
ed a
ctio
ns i
n le
vels
whi
ch a
re a
s ag
reed
con
stru
ctio
n da
teal
l de
sign
saf
ety
risk
lo
w a
s re
ason
ably
re
port
s pr
acti
cabl
e
22
.Q
ualit
y C
ontr
olN
o si
gnif
ican
t ri
sk
iden
tifi
ed
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 18 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
5.
CH
AIR
-3 E
XAM
PLE
ON
LY
DE
TAIL
ED
MA
INTE
NA
NC
E /
RE
PAIR
SA
FETY
IN
DE
TAIL
ED
DE
SIG
N (
CH
AIR
-3)
STU
DY
Ref
eren
ce:
Sys
tem
:R
OA
DW
AYS
ub-S
yste
m:
Item
/Com
pone
nt:
DR
AIN
Mai
ntai
nabi
lity
Asp
ect
Ass
essm
ent
(Goo
d, F
air,
Poo
r, N
/A)
and
WH
YR
ecom
men
dati
on/C
omm
ent
Who
/Dat
e
PO
STU
RE
/ M
AN
UA
L H
AN
DLI
NG
GO
OD
Dra
in c
over
will
hav
e ha
ndle
s an
d S
atis
fact
ory
—sh
ould
be
light
wei
ght
SIZ
E /
WID
THP
OO
RC
onst
ruct
ion
vehi
cle
may
hav
e lim
ited
W
iden
sho
ulde
r w
idth
to
allo
w
D.F
.sh
ould
er s
pace
to
stop
on
road
for
safe
sto
ppin
g du
ring
m
aint
enan
ce w
ork
AC
CE
SS
/ E
GR
ES
SP
OO
RC
urre
nt d
rain
des
ign
is t
hat
it i
s a
conf
ined
D
rain
des
ign
shou
ld a
void
whe
re
D.F
.sp
ace,
and
tha
t co
nfin
ed s
pace
pro
cedu
res
poss
ible
the
nee
d to
be
clas
sed
need
to
be p
repa
red
as a
con
fine
d sp
ace
HE
IGH
TS /
DR
OP
PE
D O
BJE
CTS
N/A
——
—
WE
IGH
TFA
IRD
rain
cov
er c
ould
be
too
heav
yE
nsur
e dr
ain
cove
r de
sign
P.
B.
such
tha
t it
can
be
easi
ly
lifte
d
DIS
CO
MFO
RT
/ S
TRE
SS
FAIR
Do
not
expe
ct l
ong
term
dra
in m
aint
enan
ceS
atis
fact
ory
—
PE
RS
ON
NE
L P
RO
T. E
QU
IPM
EN
TN
/A—
——
VIS
IBIL
ITY
N/A
——
—
SLI
PS
, TR
IPS
, FA
LLS
N/A
——
—
RO
TATI
NG
/ M
OVI
NG
EQ
UIP
ME
NT
N/A
——
—
IS R
EPA
IR D
IFFE
RE
NT?
NO
——
—
OTH
ER
S T
HAT
MAY
AP
PLY
(lis
t be
low
)
Non
e id
enti
fied
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 19 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
Kilpatrick Green Pty Ltd agreed to pilot theresource CHAIR - the Construction HazardAssessment Implication Review when theyrenovated seven of Sydney’s churches. Theirexpectations were far exceeded when theyundertook the process which brought togetherthe key design stakeholders to systematicallyaddress the OHS issues and workshoppedsafety solutions for the contractors carryingout the renovations works, for the end userand in relation to ongoing maintenance.
Kilpatrick Green is a leading multi-disciplinecompany offering a significant range ofservices within the construction andengineering industry. The organisation iscommitted to providing a high standard ofservice delivery in all projects with which it isassociated.
Safety is one of the company’s top priorityareas incorporating consistent safetypromotion, safety induction and training,hazard and risk management, goodcommunication of issues, workplaceinspections, auditing of the safety system andsupport for safety initiatives.
In 1999, Kilpatrick Green was commissionedby the Commonwealth to insulate sevenchurches against aircraft noise, some of thesechurches were heritage listed buildings. Anew safety initiative being piloted at the timewas “CHAIR - the Construction HazardAssessment Implication Review”, amethodology developed to eliminate orminimise potential occupational health andsafety hazards and risks at the conceptualdesign phase.
“We volunteered to pilot CHAIR, but withstringent safety management policy andpractices already in place, expectations of theability of the CHAIR process to raise OHSstandards further weren’t really all that high”,said Charles Diamond, Director of PublicBuildings, who was responsible forimplementing the CHAIR process.
Charles was assisted by the author of CHAIR,Mr David F. Franklin, originally a seniorproject manager with BHP, now CH2MHILL.
The Preparation
Prior to the workshop, Charles familiarisedhimself with the church plans and CHAIRGuidewords, worked out the most effectiveway to implement the process, a method torecord and delegate outcomes was preparedand compiled folders with backgroundinformation for each of the participants. Bothhe and David agreed that the Chair-1 Studyand Chair-2 Study Guidewords were relevantto this project and a method to record anddelegate outcomes was prepared.
To ensure that OHS was addressed for allaspects of the renovations, each of the planswere divided into seven areas: churchoperations, roof, general building works,windows/doors, mechanical services,electrical services and the site.
The Chair Workshop - Keeping Up the Momentum
The key design stakeholders attending theworkshops included the concept designers,architects, mechanical engineer, electrical
6. case study 1kilpatrick green
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 20 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
engineer, structural engineer and projectmanager. Each of the churches also appointedits own representative (in some cases this wasa consultant) to participate in the process.Charles was appointed as the facilitator.
David attended the first workshop, the CHAIR-1 study, and gave his input into how theworkshops should proceed, particularly inrelation to keeping up the momentum.
The Chair Workshops
The first hour was spent on introductions andgiving an overview of the CHAIR process anddocument. The group then generally visitedthe church sites before commencing theCHAIR workshop. One workshop was actuallyheld in the relevant church.
After workshopping OHS issues on threechurches and going through the guidewordsseven times for each, it became evident thatthis would be “too laborious and drawn out”and the process was simplified into threeareas: above the roof, below the roof andunderground. A common set of OHS risks hademerged by about the fourth church.
Solutions
OHS risks and hazards for contractors carryingout the renovations, end user andmaintenance of the facility were addressed,prompted by the Guidewords. Some of thesolutions determined in the workshopsincluded:
■ Construction on renovations to be carriedout around church operating times whenservices were held on Sundays andWednesdays.
■ Two churches had to address public accessand safety as the church was situated in thegrounds of primary schools.
■ Safety harnesses were to be worn bybuilders on roofs until insulation mesh wasput in place - to prevent any falls throughthe ceiling.
■ Overhead wiring was to be assessed toensure the safe use of the cherry picker atall sites.
■ Negotiations with owners were made for theplacement of the main switchboards to thesafest location to optimise a safemaintenance environment.
■ Suitable checks were arranged for anytoxicity problems under floors and dustarising from works.
Approximately thirty similar issues wereidentified.
The process took up to approximately threeand a half hours for each church.
CHAIR-2 study workshops were alsoconducted and OHS issues were addressed bythe CHAIR-2 study Guidewords. The minutesrecorded in the CHAIR-1 workshop were alsoreviewed to ensure that no issues had beenoverlooked. Due to the intensive workundertaken in the first workshop, this processtook only an hour.
Closure
“By eighty percent of the completion ofDocumentation process, all issues in eitherCHAIR 1 or CHAIR 2 were formally closed off.That is, they were either confirmed asincluded in the documents or reasons given asto why not included”, Charles said.
The CHAIR Conclusion
“It was a real benefit having all the keyplayers come together for this process. CHAIRmade you think outside your own square and
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 21 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
everyone could contribute to the outcomesand recommendations. This Process certainlyfar exceeded our expectations. The ownerswere enthusiastic about the process as itincreased their awareness of the issues andgave them confidence that the work on theirchurches were being properly planned andmanaged”.
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 22 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
When John Holland Construction andEngineering Pty Ltd were recently awarded acontract to construct a multimillion dollarconstruction project, they chose to apply theCHAIR principle to identify, eliminate andminimise OH&S hazards in the conceptdesign stage of the project. By undertakingthis systematic process involving all the keystakeholders, they were able to eliminate orminimise potential hazards through improveddesign before construction. The result was anoverall “better” design for contractorsbuilding the project, the end user andmaintenance of the facility.
Introduction
John Holland is one of Australia’s leadingconstruction and engineering organisations.Their field of specialisation ranges frommarine and harbour works, Mininginfrastructure, petrochemical, treatmentplants to sports stadiums, highways, bridges,laboratories, railways and more.
Establishing and maintaining a high standardof occupational health and safety has alwaysbeen a top priority for the company andaccordingly, risk assessments and safetymanagement practices are initiated for allJohn Holland projects.
In one of their more recent projects, thecompany chose to use the “ConstructionHazard Assessment Implication Review(CHAIR)” tool, developed for the ConstructionMOU, to bring together key designstakeholders. The tool was used to facilitatea brainstorming workshop to review theproject conceptual design and identify
potential OHS hazards for the constructionprocess, end users and ongoing maintenanceand repairs.
The facilitator - the key
The company’s Occupational Health, Safetyand Rehabilitation Manager, Sean Welsh wasappointed to co-ordinate the CHAIR principleworkshop. Sean said, “The key to a successfulCHAIR workshop was in the selection of thefacilitator. It is essential that the facilitatorhas a background of building andconstruction and a very thorough knowledgeof OH&S, maintenance and repair issues sothat potential problems can be immediatelyidentified and altered to result in an improveddesign”.
Ross Trethewy, an expert in OHS for Buildingand Construction from the University of NewSouth Wales School of Safety Science, wasselected as the facilitator.
Preparing for the Workshop
Sean and Ross undertook a half daypreparation for the workshop which includedkey design aspects of the project. During thistime they familiarised themselves with theplans, drawings and specifications, selectedthe CHAIR techniques (i.e. a CHAIR 1, 2 or 3)that were relevant to the requirements andcompiled a method of recording and reportingthe workshop outcomes and issues to beresolved.
Both agreed that the most effective way forthem was to address potential OH&S hazardswas to assess one element at a timecontinually posing the question - why?
6. case study 2 john holland
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 23 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
For example, if a door was designed in theplan, the group workshop participants had todecide why it was there, if it was the rightsize/position/height/width, if it opened theright way, in if it was in the right place for it’sintended purpose and so on. If a risk wasidentified, the group then brainstormedsolutions using the theory of the hierarchy of
risk control, but at the same time keeping asclose as possible to the original design aspossible where practicable.
The workshop process analysed elements, i.e.major and minor, using this criteria, one floorlevel at a time.
They devised a minute recording as follows:
No. Hazard Issue/s Causes / Identified Why ? Alternatives / By Who Implications +/- BenefitsHazards (the reason for it Suggestions / Comments ($) Who(position / location being this way) Issues O/M/C/ size / weight etc.)
1.0 Element being Assessed: Production Hall - Artificial and Natural Light
1.1 Maintaining Access required at Lights have to Provide Design Gantry Mounted -/+ Operatorsservice at or > 10m above Gantry independent Engineer Scissor must Maintenanceabove truss Crane access gantry provide accesslevel; falls, falling objects for maintaining to all areas of
Gantry required lights and ceiling the ceiling thatChanging and Access required over at height to gain mounted services. require servicing -servicing light process plant/people appropriate (winch / platform); relocating servicesfittings; clearances for or to achieve this
Interface, disruption, materials handling maybe required.Inspection/Test damage to process in production hall Side mount lights of fire detectors equipment and reflect with Scissor and Crane (monthly Fire detector mirrors; or must comply with
Truss arrangement required at highest AS2550 and point of roof Drop down lights AS1481
Restricted access due structureto truss depth of Scissor / work-approx. 2.5m Truss design light platform mounted
weight, architectural on gantry to gain access
Set position of lights and detectors
Use scaffold
Use Elevated Work Platform
1.2 Cleaning Access at > 12.5m Skylights are fixed; Do not clean Design Obtain -/+ OperatorsSky Lights windows, insects, Engineer appropriate
Falls / falling objects Artificial light is dust; level of weather MaintainersGlass needed Architect seal;
Trusses restrict Reversible windows Insects access and clean from Maintain seal
external roof from for HVAC systemDust Crushing fixed static line;
Access required over Use scissor process plant/people mounted on Gantry
as aboveInterface, disruption, damage to process equipment
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 24 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
The Key Stakeholders
The group attending the workshop comprisedof fourteen people. This included the client,the project manager, the people operating theplant, their safety people, the designers,architects and engineers- structural,mechanical and electrical, the company’sbuilder’s OH&S and Rehabilitation managerand the facilitator.
To prepare, each participant was requested toread through and familiarise themselves withtheir relevant design contributions and theCHAIR Guidewords. These guidewords listpotential hazard risks and hazards at theconstruction phase and for ongoingmaintenance and repairs - a CHAIR 1 & 3.
The Chair Study Workshop
Sean had also identified that there was a needto break down the conception that the CHAIRprocess was not going to change the designbut rather to improve the design.
At the start of the workshop, he used theexample “if the architect has designed arounded roof, then we need to look at all theoptions so we can keep that design but at thesame time ensure that it is workable from anoccupational health and safety point of view.This may mean altering the design of thegutters, or designing out the gutters, so OH&Srisks are eliminated/minimised when it comesto future maintenance and repairs”.
The actual workshop was conducted at theconceptual design stage and took a total often “intensive” hours.
To be effective, it “was important to maintainthe group’s interest and momentum bymoving through the relevant issues and notbecoming enveloped in single side issues.This was why the choice of facilitator was soimportant”.
By going through this process they wereactually able to identify over one hundredhazards ranging from medium to high risk thatcould possibly have been overlooked.
Some of the results included: widening ofcorridors, replacement of standard singledoors with an additional 1/4 door for ease ofaccess with furniture and equipment,repositioning lights so that they could becomemore accessible for maintenance, somewindows were redesigned so that they couldflip over and be maintained and cleaned fromthe inside, the air conditioner was moveddown a level although the duct remained inthe same position, again for easiermaintenance, and an elevated work platformwas included for maintenance repairs.
Often the “Rolls Royce choice” of equipmentwas selected for lifecycle and long term safetyconsiderations. Cost benefits were realisedwhen these ongoing maintenance issues wereaddressed. All the risks and solutions thatwere identified in the workshop were recordedand distributed for to the relevant parties tonominated to action them further.
Other end user related issues also emergedthroughout the process and included theclient’s realisation that there had been noconsideration for rubbish storage anddisposal, another, identified a significantmanual handling hazard associated with theuse of the structure.
The Benefits of Chair
According to Sean “significant benefitsemerged from the process. In particularparticipants were forced to think outside theirown sphere of expertise and how their designdecisions impacted on other stakeholders.Participants were unanimous in their praise ofthe benefits of the process as the day evolved.
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 25 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
It is reassuring that the culture oforganisations is changing. Ten years ago abuilder would erect and then remove ascaffold. Now where appropriate planning hasoccurred in the design stage they are mostlikely to build in permanent access structuresto not only utilize in the construction processbut to provide for safety in maintenance andrepairs. Systematic processes, such asCHAIR, assist in integrating OHS in theplanning and design stages of a project. TheCHAIR study highlighted that benefits can becost effective and may even providesubstantial savings over the life of a projectwhilst at the same time provide for bettersafety for contractors, end users andmaintenance workers through creating a “safeplace of work” rather than being reliant on the“safe person at work”.
It certainly is a value added process for theclient and the builder.”
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 26 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
1. BHP Engineering Pty. Ltd, WorkCoverAuthority of New South Wales, UnisearchLimited, Victorian Institute of OccupationalSafety and Health (1999). “Safety inDesign Project, Teaming Agreement”. 4March 1999.
2. Churcher, D.W., Alwani-Starr, G.M. (1996).“Incorporating construction health andsafety into the design process”.Implementation of Safety and Health onConstruction Sites, Alves, Dias & Coble(eds). ISBN 90 5410 847 9.
3. Davies, V.J., Tomasin, K. (1990).“Construction Safety Handbook”. ThomasTelford, London. ISBN 0 7277 1385 X.
4. Department of Mineral Resources (1997).“Risk Management Handbook for theMining Industry”. MDG 1010. May 1997.
5. Harms-Ringdahl, Lars (1993). “SafetyAnalysis: Principles and Practice inOccupational Safety”. Elsevier AppliedScience. ISBN 1-85166-956-6.
6. Hinze, J, (1996). “Role of Designers inConstruction Worker Safety”. University ofFlorida.
7. Hinze, J, (1997). “The Engineer’s DesignDecisions and Construction Site Safety”.University of Florida.
8. John Holland Construction & EngineeringPty. Ltd & WorkCover New South Wales(1997). “Occupational Health & Safety:Best Practice Study of Erection ofSteelwork at Sydney Showground -
Homebush Bay”. Journal of the AustralianInstitute of Steel Construction, Volume 31,Number 4, December 1997.
9. Kletz (1990). “Critical Aspects of Safetyand Loss Prevention”. Butterworths & Co.
10. NSW Department of Urban Affairs andPlanning (1995). “HAZOP Guidelines”.Hazardous Industry Planning AdvisoryPaper No. 8.
11. Totterdell, J.M. (1996). “Designing forSafety”. Proceedings 2nd InternationalConference on Loss Prevention andSafety, Bahrain, 16-18 October, pp151-161.
12. Trethewy (1998). “Literature Review Part1: Managing Contractor OccupationalHealth and Safety - Towards ‘BestPractice’”. University of New SouthWales, Construction Industry SafeWork2000.
13. Wells, Geoff (1996). “HazardIdentification and Risk Assessment”.Institution of Chemical Engineers. ISBN0 85295 353 4.
14. WorkCover NSW (1998). “Memorandumof Understanding between the NSWGovernment and Signatory ConstructionContractors with the Support ofConstruction Industry Trade Unions &Employer Associations”. October 1998.
7. references
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 27 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
8. th
egu
idew
ords
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 28 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
Rin
trodu
ctio
n
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 29 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
RPH
ASES
1, 2
& 3
"CO
NS
TRU
CTI
ON
HA
ZAR
D A
SS
ES
SM
EN
T A
ND
IMP
LIC
ATIO
N R
EVI
EW
"
MO
U 2
00
0:
SA
FETY
IN
DE
SIG
N F
RA
ME
WO
RK
FO
RM
AJO
R B
UIL
DIN
G &
CIV
IL P
RO
JEC
TSC
onst
ruct
ion,
Mai
nten
ance
, R
epai
r an
d D
emol
itio
n
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 30 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
Wha
t is
a CH
AIR?
■A
C
onst
ruct
ion
Haz
ard
Ass
essm
ent
and
Impl
icat
ion
Rev
iew
is
a de
taile
d an
d sy
stem
atic
exa
min
atio
n of
the
cons
truc
tion
, m
aint
enan
ce,
repa
ir a
nd d
emol
itio
n sa
fety
issu
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
a de
sign
.
■It
con
side
rs h
ow d
esig
n fe
atur
es h
ave
been
inc
orpo
rate
dto
elim
inat
e or
mit
igat
e po
tent
ial
cons
truc
tion
haz
ards
.
■th
e as
sess
men
t as
sum
es
a ce
rtai
n le
vel
of
safe
tym
anag
emen
t to
exi
st a
t th
e co
nstr
ucti
on s
ite
- it
is
asu
pple
men
t to
, an
d no
t a
repl
acem
ent
of,
site
spe
cifi
cco
nstr
ucti
on s
afet
y re
view
s.
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 31 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R-1
STU
DYC
HA
IR-1
is a
con
cept
ual
desi
gn r
evie
w t
hat
exam
ines
the
vari
ous
elem
ents
of
a de
sign
usi
ng
two
type
s of
gui
dew
ords
:
■G
ener
ic(a
pplic
able
to
ea
ch
elem
ent
in
mos
t ca
ses
rega
rdle
ss o
f th
e ty
pe o
f de
sign
) an
d
■O
verv
iew
(use
d w
hen
cons
ider
ing
issu
es t
hat
rela
te t
oth
e w
hole
pro
cess
)
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 32 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R-2
STU
DYC
HA
IR-2
is a
con
stru
ctio
n or
dem
olit
ion
revi
ew p
erfo
rmed
whe
n th
e de
taile
d de
sign
is
esse
ntia
lly c
ompl
ete
but
befo
re t
he c
omm
ence
men
t of
cons
truc
tion
.
A s
et o
f gu
idew
ords
(w
ith
sub-
prom
pts)
are
use
d to
ass
ess
the
prop
osed
mai
n co
nstr
ucti
on s
teps
(ra
ther
tha
n th
e de
sign
ele
men
ts).
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 33 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R-3
STU
DYC
HA
IR-3
is a
mai
nten
ance
and
rep
air
revi
ew p
erfo
rmed
whe
n th
e de
taile
d de
sign
is
esse
ntia
lly c
ompl
ete.
A s
et o
f gu
idew
ords
are
app
lied
to e
ach
elem
ent
of t
hepr
opos
ed d
esig
n to
ens
ure
that
m
aint
enan
ce a
nd r
epai
r is
sues
hav
e be
en t
horo
ughl
yco
nsid
ered
.
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 34 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
Why
do
a CH
AIR?
■A
SM
AR
TER
DE
SIG
N I
S A
LSO
A S
AFE
R D
ES
IGN
■im
prov
ed "
cons
truc
tabi
lity"
■le
ss r
e-w
ork
duri
ng c
onst
ruct
ion
■im
prov
ed "
mai
ntai
nabi
lity"
■be
tter
und
erst
andi
ng o
f th
e de
sign
by
clie
nt,
desi
gner
and
cons
truc
tor
and
owne
r
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 35 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
How
are
CH
AIR’
s pe
rform
ed?
■B
y sy
stem
atic
ally
con
side
ring
in
turn
eac
h el
emen
t of
desi
gn (
CH
AIR
-1, C
HA
IR-3
) or
eac
h st
ep o
f th
e pr
opos
edco
nstr
ucti
on t
ask
(CH
AIR
-2)
■B
y us
ing
a se
ries
of
diff
eren
t C
HA
IR-1
, C
HA
IR-2
and
CH
AIR
-3 g
uide
wor
ds to
prom
pt d
iscu
ssio
ns b
y th
e C
HA
IRst
udy
team
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 36 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
Use
of G
uide
word
sFo
r ea
ch e
lem
ent
of t
he d
esig
n, e
ach
guid
ewor
d is
syst
emat
ical
ly c
onsi
dere
d an
d th
e fo
llow
ing
ques
tion
ssh
ould
be
aske
d:
■(H
ow)
can
it h
appe
n?
■If
so,
how
?
■S
o w
hat?
■W
hat
do w
e ne
ed t
o do
?
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 37 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R St
udy
Rule
s■
allo
w e
ach
pers
on t
o be
hea
rd (
resp
ect
the
indi
vidu
al)
■fo
cus
only
on
the
desi
gn c
ompo
nent
at
hand
■no
"w
itch
hun
ts"
or "
barr
ow p
ushi
ng"
■if
iss
ue c
anno
t be
res
olve
d in
5 m
inut
es,
docu
men
t an
das
sign
to
som
eone
for
fol
low
-up
afte
r th
e m
eeti
ng
INTR
OD
UC
TIO
N
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 38 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
Sum
mar
y of
CH
AIR
-1 S
tudy
Gui
dew
ords
- G
ener
ic
Sum
mar
y of
CH
AIR
-1 S
tudy
Gui
dew
ords
- O
verv
iew
Sam
ple
CH
AIR
-1 M
inut
e R
ecor
ding
She
et
CH
AIR
-1 S
tudy
Gui
dew
ords
- G
ener
ic
CH
AIR
-1 S
tudy
Gui
dew
ords
- O
verv
iew
CHAI
R1
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 39 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
SU
MM
AR
Y -
CH
AIR
1 -
STU
DY
GU
IDE
WO
RD
S -
GE
NE
RIC
CA
RD
NU
MB
ER
GU
IDE
WO
RD
SU
B-P
RO
MP
TSC
AR
D N
UM
BE
RG
UID
EW
OR
DS
UB
-PR
OM
PTS
Cha
ir 1
. G
ener
ic 2
SIZ
ETo
o la
rge
Cha
ir 1
. G
ener
ic 7
LOA
D /
FO
RC
EH
igh
/ E
xces
sTo
o sm
all
Low
in
suff
icie
ntTo
o lo
ngA
ddit
iona
l lo
ads
Too
shor
t(c
onst
ruct
ion)
To
o w
ide
Dyn
amic
sTo
o na
rrow
Tem
pora
ry W
eakn
ess
Cha
ir 1
. G
ener
ic 3
HE
IGH
TS /
DE
PTH
SW
orki
ng a
t he
ight
sC
hair
1.
Gen
eric
8E
NE
RG
YLo
w /
hig
h en
ergy
Falls
/ s
truc
k by
fal
ling
Tens
ion
/ co
mpr
essi
onob
ject
sP
oten
tial
/ k
inet
icS
caff
oldi
ng (
shap
e,
Iner
tia
/ m
omen
tsp
ace
to f
it)
Con
fine
d sp
ace
Acc
ess
/ eg
ress
Cha
ir 1
. G
ener
ic 4
PO
SIT
ION
/ L
OC
ATIO
NTo
o hi
ghC
hair
1.
Gen
eric
9TI
MIN
GTo
o la
te,
too
earl
yTo
o lo
wTo
o sh
ort,
too
lon
gTo
o fa
rIn
corr
ect
sequ
ence
Mis
alig
ned
Ext
ende
d de
lays
Wro
ng p
osit
ion
Cha
ir 1
. G
ener
ic 5
PO
OR
ER
GO
NO
MIC
SP
ostu
re /
man
ual
Cha
ir 1
. G
ener
ic 1
0E
GR
ES
S /
AC
CE
SS
No.
of
exit
poi
nts
hand
ling
Em
erge
ncy
egre
ss,
size
RS
I /
disc
omfo
rt /
O
bstr
ucti
ons,
lig
htin
gfa
tigu
e /
stre
ss
Ent
ry /
exi
t po
ints
Eff
ect
on P
PE
Ext
erna
l Im
pact
sVi
sibi
lity
(lig
htin
g M
aint
enan
cesl
ight
lines
)P
eopl
e an
d E
quip
men
tS
lips,
tri
ps,
falls
Mov
emen
ts
Cha
ir 1
. G
ener
ic 6
MO
VEM
EN
T /
Sta
bilit
yC
hair
1.
Gen
eric
11
MA
INTE
NA
NC
E /
P
ostu
re /
Man
ual
DIR
EC
TIO
NC
ompr
essi
onR
EPA
IRH
andl
ing
Phy
sica
l da
mag
eS
ize
/ W
idth
Vibr
atio
nA
cces
s /
Egr
ess
Fric
tion
/ s
lipH
eigh
ts /
Dro
pped
R
otat
ion
Obj
ects
Wei
ght
Upw
ards
/ D
ownw
ards
Dis
com
fort
/ S
tres
s /
PP
ER
ever
seVi
sibi
lity
/ S
lips
/ Tr
ips
Exp
ansi
on /
Ten
sion
Rot
atin
g E
quip
men
tR
ollo
ver
Oth
er
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 40 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
SU
MM
AR
Y -
CH
AIR
1 -
STU
DY
GU
IDE
WO
RD
S -
OVE
RVI
EW
CA
RD
NU
MB
ER
GU
IDE
WO
RD
SU
B-P
RO
MP
TSC
AR
D N
UM
BE
RG
UID
EW
OR
DS
UB
-PR
OM
PTS
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
2E
NVI
RO
NM
EN
TAL
Ext
rem
e W
eath
erC
hair
1.
Ove
rvie
w 9
SA
FETY
EQ
UIP
ME
NT
Per
sonn
el P
rote
ctio
nC
ON
DIT
ION
STe
mpe
ratu
reS
afet
y S
how
ers
Gro
und
Bar
rier
s /
Gua
rds
Noi
seW
ater
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
3E
XTE
RN
AL
SA
FETY
M
embe
rs o
f th
e pu
blic
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
10
NAT
UR
AL
HA
ZAR
DS
Ear
thqu
ake
INTE
RFA
CE
STr
affi
cFl
oodi
ngA
djac
ent
Pro
pert
yTh
unde
rsto
rm (
light
ning
P
ower
/ s
ervi
ces
prot
ecti
on)
Ext
erna
l fi
re /
pla
nsH
igh
Win
dsD
ay /
nig
ht /
wee
kend
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
4TO
XIC
ITY
Lead
/ A
sbes
tos
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
11
INS
PE
CTI
ON
/
Elim
inat
ing
Han
dlin
gTE
STI
NG
Isol
atio
nP
reca
utio
nsA
cces
sVe
ntila
tion
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
5FI
RE
/ E
XPLO
SIO
NP
reve
ntio
n /
dete
ctio
nC
hair
1.
Ove
rvie
w 1
2D
EM
OLI
TIO
NE
ase
Fire
pro
tect
ion
Issu
esE
mer
genc
y pr
oced
ures
Doc
umen
tati
on
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
6E
NVI
RO
NM
EN
TAL
Vapo
ur /
dus
tC
hair
1.
Ove
rvie
w 1
3D
OC
UM
EN
TATI
ON
Ope
rati
ons
IMPA
CT
Eff
luen
t /
Noi
seM
aint
enan
ceS
eepa
ge /
Was
teIn
spec
tion
/Te
stin
gS
eque
nce
Em
erge
ncy
Rec
ords
/ R
epor
ts
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
7U
TILI
TIE
S &
SE
RVI
CE
SLi
ghti
ngC
hair
1.
Ove
rvie
w 1
4Q
UA
LITY
CO
NTR
OL
Insp
ecti
on /
Tes
ting
Air
/ W
ater
Qua
lity
Ass
uran
ceFu
el /
Ele
ctri
city
Oxy
gen
/ W
ater
Cha
ir 1
. O
verv
iew
8C
OM
MIS
SIO
N /
Req
uire
men
tsC
hair
1.
Ove
rvie
w 1
5C
ON
STR
UC
TIO
N
Seq
uenc
eS
TAR
TUP
/ S
HU
TDO
WN
Seq
uenc
eE
QU
IPM
EN
TTi
min
g, A
cces
s
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 41 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
SA
MP
LE -
CH
AIR
-1 -
MIN
UTE
RE
CO
RD
ING
SH
EE
T
Pro
ject
:D
esig
n E
lem
ent:
Dat
e:
Dra
win
g(s)
/Ref
eren
ce(s
):R
evis
ion:
No.
Gui
dew
ord
Ris
k Is
sue(
s)C
ause
sC
onse
quen
ces
Saf
egua
rds
Act
ion(
s)R
es.
Per
son
& D
ate
Due
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 42 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R-1
STU
DY G
UID
EWOR
DSG
ener
ic
"Gen
eric
"gu
idew
ords
sho
uld
appl
y to
mos
t de
sign
s be
ing
cons
ider
ed –
the
y re
pres
ent
the
core
gui
dew
ords
for
the
CH
AIR
-1 s
tudy
fra
mew
ork.
The
guid
ewor
ds a
re a
pplie
d to
the
ind
ivid
ual
elem
ents
of
the
desi
gn,
the
focu
s be
ing
on h
ow t
he g
uide
wor
d m
ayap
ply
to t
he e
lem
ent
duri
ng t
he c
onst
ruct
ion
proc
ess.
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 1
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 43 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
SIZE
■TO
O L
AR
GE
■TO
O S
MA
LL
■TO
O L
ON
G
■TO
O W
IDE
■TO
O S
HO
RT
■TO
O N
AR
RO
W
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 2
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 44 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
HEI
GHTS
/ DE
PTH
S■
WO
RK
ING
AT
HE
IGH
TS
■FA
LLS
/ S
TRU
CK
BY
FALL
ING
OB
JEC
TS
■S
CA
FFO
LDIN
G (
SH
AP
E,
SPA
CE
TO
FIT
, et
c.)
■C
ON
FIN
ED
SPA
CE
■A
CC
ES
S/E
GR
ES
S
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 3
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 45 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
POSI
TION
/ LO
CATI
ON■
TOO
HIG
H
■TO
O L
OW
■TO
O F
AR
■M
ISA
LIG
NE
D
■W
RO
NG
PO
SIT
ION
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 4
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 46 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
POOR
ERG
ONOM
ICS
■P
ostu
re /
man
ual
hand
ling
inju
ries
■R
epet
itiv
e S
trai
n In
jury
/ d
isco
mfo
rt /
fat
igue
/st
ress
■E
ffec
t of
Per
sona
l P
rote
ctiv
e E
quip
men
t
■Vi
sibi
lity
(lig
htin
g, s
ight
lines
, bl
ind
spot
s)
■S
lips,
tri
ps,
falls
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 5
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 47 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
MOV
EMEN
T / D
IREC
TION
■S
TAB
ILIT
Y C
OM
PR
ES
SIO
N
■U
PW
AR
DS
■P
HYS
ICA
L D
AM
AG
E■
DO
WN
WA
RD
S
■VI
BR
ATIO
N■
RE
VER
SE
■FR
ICTI
ON
/ S
LIP
■E
XPA
NS
ION
/ T
EN
SIO
N
■R
OTA
TIO
N■
RO
LL O
VER
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 6
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 48 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
LOAD
/ FO
RCE
■H
IGH
/ E
XCE
SS
■LO
W /
IN
SU
FFIC
IEN
T
■A
DD
ITIO
NA
L LO
AD
S D
UR
ING
CO
NS
TRU
CTI
ON
,C
OM
MIS
SIO
NIN
G,
DE
MO
LITI
ON
■D
YNA
MIC
S
■TE
MP
OR
AR
Y W
EA
KN
ES
S (
insu
ffic
ient
pro
ppin
g)
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 7
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 49 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
ENER
GY■
LOW
/ H
IGH
EN
ER
GY
■TE
NS
ION
/ C
OM
PR
ES
SIO
N
■P
OTE
NTI
AL
/ K
INE
TIC
■IN
ER
TIA
/ M
OM
EN
T
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 8
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 50 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
TIM
ING
■TO
O L
ATE
, TO
O E
AR
LY
■TO
O S
HO
RT,
TO
O L
ON
G
■IN
CO
RR
EC
T S
EQ
UE
NC
E
■E
XTE
ND
ED
DE
LAYS
(e
.g.
capp
ing
part
ial
desi
gns)
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 9
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 51 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
EGRE
SS /
ACCE
SS■
NO
. O
F E
XIT
PO
INTS
■E
NTR
Y/E
XIT
PO
INTS
■E
ME
RG
EN
CY
EG
RE
SS
- LO
CAT
ION
■S
IZE
- W
IDTH
, H
EIG
HT,
-
AR
RA
NG
EM
EN
TLE
NG
TH
■O
BS
TRU
CTI
ON
S■
EXT
ER
NA
L IM
PAC
TS
■LI
GH
TIN
G■
MA
INTE
NA
NC
E
■P
EO
PLE
AN
D E
QU
IPM
EN
T M
OVE
ME
NTS
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 1
0
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 52 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
MAI
NTE
NAN
CE /
REPA
IR■
PO
STU
RE
/ M
AN
UA
L ■
DIS
CO
MFO
RT
/ S
TRE
SS
/
HA
ND
LIN
GP
PE
(P
rote
ctiv
e E
quip
men
t)
■S
IZE
/ W
IDTH
■VI
SIB
ILIT
Y /
SLI
PS
/ T
RIP
S
■A
CC
ES
S /
EG
RE
SS
■R
OTA
TIN
G E
QU
IPM
EN
TH
EIG
HTS
/
■D
RO
PP
ED
OB
JEC
TS■
OTH
ER
?
■W
EIG
HT
CH
AIR
1.
GE
NE
RIC
. 1
1
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 53 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R-1
STU
DY G
UID
EWOR
DSO
verv
iew
The
purp
ose
of t
he "
Ove
rvie
w"
guid
ewor
ds i
s to
con
side
rth
e pr
opos
ed d
esig
n as
a w
hole
and
det
erm
ine
whe
ther
ther
e ar
e an
y pa
rtic
ular
iss
ues
that
nee
d to
be
addr
esse
d.
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 1
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 54 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
ENVI
RON
MEN
TAL
CON
DITI
ONS
■E
XTR
EM
E W
EAT
HE
R (
Win
d, R
ain,
Hai
l, Li
ght)
■TE
MP
ER
ATU
RE
(H
ot,
Col
d, H
eat,
Fir
e)
■G
RO
UN
D (
GE
OTE
CH
pro
pert
ies,
con
tam
inat
ion,
etc
.)
■N
OIS
E
■W
ATE
R
■??
?
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 2
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 55 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
EXTE
RNAL
SAF
ETY
INTE
RFAC
ES■
ME
MB
ER
S O
F TH
E P
UB
LIC
■TR
AFF
IC
■A
DJA
CE
NT
PR
OP
ER
TY /
BU
ILD
ING
S
■P
OW
ER
/ S
ER
VIC
ES
LO
CAT
ION
S
■E
XTE
RN
AL
FIR
E /
EM
ER
GE
NC
Y P
LAN
S
■D
AY /
NIG
HT,
WE
EK
DAY
/ W
EE
KE
ND
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 3
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 56 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
TOXI
CITY
■LE
AD
/ A
SB
ES
TOS
■H
AN
DLI
NG
PR
OC
ED
UR
ES
■P
RE
CA
UTI
ON
S
■VE
NTI
LATI
ON
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 4
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 57 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
FIRE
/ EX
PLOS
ION
■P
RE
VEN
TIO
N S
YSTE
MS
■D
ETE
CTI
ON
SYS
TEM
S
■FI
RE
PR
OTE
CTI
ON
■E
ME
RG
EN
CY
ISO
LATI
ON
SYS
TEM
S
■IN
ER
T AT
MO
SP
HE
RE
■E
ME
RG
EN
CY
PR
OC
ED
UR
ES
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 5
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 58 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
ENVI
RON
MEN
TAL
IMPA
CT■
VAP
OU
R E
MIS
SIO
NS
■D
US
T E
MIS
SIO
NS
■E
FFLU
EN
T
■N
OIS
E
■G
RO
UN
D S
EE
PAG
E
■W
AS
TE M
INIM
ISAT
ION
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 6
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 59 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
UTI
LITI
ES A
ND
SERV
ICES
■LI
GH
TIN
G
■A
IR /
WAT
ER
■O
XYG
EN
■W
ATE
R
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 7
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 60 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
COM
MIS
SION
ING
/ST
ARTU
P / S
HU
TDOW
N■
RE
QU
IRE
ME
NTS
■S
EQ
UE
NC
E
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 8
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 61 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
SAFE
TY E
QUIP
MEN
T■
PE
RS
ON
NE
L P
RO
TEC
TIO
N
■S
AFE
TY S
HO
WE
RS
■B
AR
RIE
RS
/GU
AR
DS
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 9
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 62 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
NAT
URA
L H
AZAR
DS■
EA
RTH
QU
AK
E
■FL
OO
DIN
G
■TH
UN
DE
RS
TOR
M (
LIG
HTN
ING
PR
OTE
CTI
ON
)
■H
IGH
WIN
DS
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 1
0
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 63 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
INSP
ECTI
ON A
ND
TEST
ING
■E
LIM
INAT
ING
■IS
OLA
TIO
N
■A
CC
ES
S
■IN
SP
EC
TIO
N A
ND
TE
STI
NG
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 1
1
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 64 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
DEM
OLIT
ION
■E
AS
E
■IS
SU
ES
■D
OC
UM
EN
TATI
ON
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 1
2
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 65 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
DOCU
MEN
TATI
ON■
OP
ER
ATIO
NS
■M
AIN
TEN
AN
CE
■IN
SP
EC
TIO
N A
ND
TE
STI
NG
■S
EQ
UE
NC
E
■E
ME
RG
EN
CY
■S
AFE
TY R
ISK
RE
CO
RD
S /
RE
PO
RTS
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 1
3
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 66 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
QUAL
ITY
CON
TROL
■IN
SP
EC
TIO
N A
ND
TE
STI
NG
■Q
UA
LITY
AS
SU
RA
NC
E
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 1
4
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 67 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CON
STRU
CTIO
NEQ
UIP
MEN
T■
SE
QU
EN
CE
■TI
MIN
G,
AC
CE
SS
CH
AIR
1.
OVE
RVI
EW
. 1
5
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 68 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
Sum
mar
y of
CH
AIR
-2 S
tudy
Gui
dew
ords
Sam
ple
CH
AIR
-2 M
inut
e R
ecor
ding
She
et
CH
AIR
-2 S
tudy
Gui
dew
ords
CHAI
R2
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 69 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
SA
MP
LE -
CH
AIR
-2 -
STU
DY
GU
IDE
WO
RD
S
Con
stru
ctio
n B
ased
Gui
dew
ords
Car
d N
umbe
rG
uidw
ord
Sub
-Pro
mpt
sC
ard
Num
ber
Gui
dwor
dS
ub-P
rom
pts
CH
AIR
2.2
ELI
MIN
ATE
Falls
(of
peo
ple)
CH
AIR
2.5
AVO
IDC
onst
ruct
ion/
Lift
ing
Falli
ng m
ater
ial
/ ob
ject
sS
eque
nce
Ste
ppin
g on
or
stri
king
Tim
ing
/ Lo
cati
ons
agai
nst
obje
cts
Tem
pora
ry I
nsta
bilit
yC
augh
t or
tra
pped
Acc
ess
/ E
gres
sLi
ftin
g an
d ca
rryi
ng -
D
elay
s /
Con
fine
d S
pace
over
exe
rtio
nE
rect
ion
/ D
ism
antl
ing
Asp
hyxi
atio
n /
drow
ning
Hea
t /
Col
d /
Noi
seM
achi
nery
Ele
ctri
city
Tran
spor
t /
mob
ile p
lant
Toxi
city
, Fi
res
and
Exp
losi
ons
CH
AIR
2.3
SU
BS
TITU
TEFa
lls (
of p
eopl
e)C
HA
IR 2
.6O
THE
R I
SS
UE
S?
Mod
ific
atio
nFa
lling
mat
eria
l /
obje
cts
Isol
atio
n /
engi
neer
ing
Ste
ppin
g on
or
stri
king
co
ntro
lsag
ains
t ob
ject
sP
erso
nnel
Pro
tect
ive
Cau
ght
or t
rapp
edE
quip
men
tLi
ftin
g an
d ca
rryi
ng -
A
lter
/ r
earr
ange
over
exe
rtio
nIn
crea
se /
red
uce
Asp
hyxi
atio
n /
drow
ning
Sim
plif
y /I
mpr
ove
Mac
hine
ryE
lect
rici
tyTr
ansp
ort
/ m
obile
pla
ntTo
xici
ty,
Fire
s an
d E
xplo
sion
s
CH
AIR
2.4
CO
MB
INE
Con
stru
ctio
n /
Lift
ing
Seq
uenc
eTi
min
gLo
cati
ons
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 70 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
SA
MP
LE -
CH
AIR
-2 -
MIN
UTE
RE
CO
RD
ING
SH
EE
T
Pro
ject
:C
onst
ruct
ion
Ste
p:D
ate:
D
raw
ing(
s)/R
efer
ence
(s):
Rev
isio
n:
No.
Gui
dew
ord
Ris
k Is
sue(
s)C
ause
sC
onse
quen
ces
Saf
egua
rds
Act
ion(
s)R
es.
Per
son
& D
ate
Due
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 71 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R-2
STU
DY G
UID
EWOR
DSTh
e pu
rpos
e of
the
CH
AIR
-2 g
uide
wor
ds i
s to
sti
mul
ate
disc
ussi
on o
n im
prov
ing
the
prop
osed
con
stru
ctio
n m
etho
dby
mak
ing
mod
ific
atio
ns t
o th
e de
sign
.
CH
AIR
2.1
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 72 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CH
AIR
2.2
ELIM
INAT
E■
Falls
(of
peo
ple)
■A
sphy
xiat
ion
/ dr
owni
ng
■Fa
lling
mat
eria
l /
obje
cts
■M
achi
nery
■S
tepp
ing
on o
r■
Ele
ctri
city
stri
king
aga
inst
obj
ects
■C
augh
t or
tra
pped
■Tr
ansp
ort
/ m
obile
equi
pmen
t
■Li
ftin
g an
d ca
rryi
ng -
■To
xici
ty,
Fire
s an
d E
xplo
sion
s ov
er e
xert
ion
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 73 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CH
AIR
2.3
SUBS
TITU
TE■
Falls
(of
peo
ple)
■A
sphy
xiat
ion
/ dr
owni
ng
■Fa
lling
mat
eria
l /
obje
cts
■M
achi
nery
■S
tepp
ing
on o
r■
Ele
ctri
city
stri
king
aga
inst
obj
ects
■C
augh
t or
tra
pped
■Tr
ansp
ort
/ m
obile
equi
pmen
t
■Li
ftin
g an
d ca
rryi
ng -
■To
xici
ty,
Fire
s an
d E
xplo
sion
s ov
er e
xert
ion
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 74 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CH
AIR
2.4
COM
BIN
E■
Con
stru
ctio
n /
Lift
ing
Seq
uenc
e
■Ti
min
g
■Lo
cati
ons
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 75 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CH
AIR
2.5
AVOI
D■
Con
stru
ctio
n /
Lift
ing
Seq
uenc
e
■Ti
min
g /
Loca
tion
s
■Te
mpo
rary
Ins
tabi
lity
■A
cces
s /
Egr
ess
■D
elay
s /
Con
fine
d S
pace
■E
rect
ion
/ D
ism
antl
ing
■H
eat
/ C
old
/ N
oise
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 76 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
OTH
ER IS
SUES
?■
Mod
ific
atio
n
■Is
olat
ion
■E
ngin
eeri
ng C
ontr
ols
■P
erso
nnel
Pro
tect
ive
Equ
ipm
ent
■A
lter
/ r
earr
ange
■In
crea
se /
red
uce
■S
impl
ify
■Im
prov
e
CH
AIR
2.6
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 77 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
Sum
mar
y of
CH
AIR
-3 S
tudy
Gui
dew
ords
CH
AIR
-3 W
orks
heet
CH
AIR
-3 S
tudy
Gui
dew
ords
CHAI
R3
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 78 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CH
AIR
-3 W
OR
KS
HE
ET
DE
TAIL
ED
MA
INTE
NA
NC
E /
RE
PAIR
SA
FETY
IN
DE
TAIL
ED
DE
SIG
N (
CH
AIR
-3)
STU
DY
Ref
eren
ce:
Sys
tem
:S
ub-S
yste
m:
Item
/Com
pone
nt:
Mai
ntai
nabi
lity
Asp
ect
Ass
essm
ent
(Goo
d, F
air,
Poo
r, N
/A)
and
WH
YR
ecom
men
dati
on/C
omm
ent
Who
/Dat
e
PO
STU
RE
/ M
AN
UA
L H
AN
DLI
NG
AC
CE
SS
/ E
GR
ES
S
HE
IGH
TS /
DR
OP
PE
D O
BJE
CTS
WE
IGH
T
DIS
CO
MFO
RT
/ S
TRE
SS
PE
RS
ON
NE
L P
RO
T. E
QU
IPM
EN
T
VIS
IBIL
ITY
SLI
PS
, TR
IPS
, FA
LLS
RO
TATI
NG
/ M
OVI
NG
EQ
UIP
ME
NT
IS R
EPA
IR D
IFFE
RE
NT?
OTH
ER
S T
HAT
MAY
AP
PLY
(lis
t be
low
)
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 79 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R-3
STU
DY G
UID
EWOR
DSTh
e pu
rpos
e of
the
CH
AIR
-3 g
uide
wor
ds i
s to
sti
mul
ate
disc
ussi
on o
n im
prov
ing
the
mai
nten
ance
and
rep
air
of t
hepr
opos
ed d
esig
n w
hen
it i
s in
its
ope
rati
ng p
hase
.
CH
AIR
3.1
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 80 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
POST
URE
/ M
ANU
ALH
ANDL
ING
CH
AIR
3.2
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 81 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
ACCE
SS /
EGRE
SS
CH
AIR
3.3
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 82 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
HEI
GHTS
/ DR
OPPE
DOB
JECT
S
CH
AIR
3.4
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 83 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
WEI
GHT
CH
AIR
3.5
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 84 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
DISC
OMFO
RT /
STRE
SS
CH
AIR
3.6
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 85 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
PERS
ONN
ELPR
OTEC
TION
EQU
IPM
ENT
CH
AIR
3.7
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 86 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
VISI
BILI
TY
CH
AIR
3.8
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 87 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
SLIP
S, T
RIPS
, FAL
LS
CH
AIR
3.9
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 88 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
ROTA
TIN
G / M
OVIN
GEQ
UIP
MEN
T
CH
AIR
3.1
0
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 89 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
IS R
EPAI
R DI
FFER
ENT?
CH
AIR
3.1
1
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 90 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
OTH
ER IS
SUES
TH
ATM
AY A
PPLY
?
CH
AIR
3.1
2
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 91 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
addi
tiona
lCH
AIR
stud
y gu
idew
ords
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 92 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
CHAI
R ST
UDY
GU
IDEW
ORDS
Add
itio
nal
The
purp
ose
of t
he "
Add
itio
nal"
gui
dew
ords
sec
tion
is
toem
phas
ise
that
oth
er i
ssue
s m
ay e
xist
tha
t ne
ed t
o be
cons
ider
ed,
and
the
CH
AIR
fac
ilita
tor
shou
ld c
onsi
der
ifth
ese
are
best
cov
ered
wit
h ad
diti
onal
gui
dew
ords
pri
or t
oth
e w
orks
hop.
How
ever
, to
o m
any
guid
ewor
ds m
ay d
evol
ve t
hepr
oces
s in
to a
lab
orio
us c
heck
list
exer
cise
, w
hich
can
rest
rict
the
"br
ains
torm
ing
proc
ess"
.
AD
DIT
ION
AL
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 93 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
■■
■■
(bla
nk c
ard
for
addi
tion
al C
HA
IR s
tudy
wor
ksho
p)
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 94 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
■■
■■
(bla
nk c
ard
for
addi
tion
al C
HA
IR s
tudy
wor
ksho
p)
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 95 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
■■
■■
(bla
nk c
ard
for
addi
tion
al C
HA
IR s
tudy
wor
ksho
p)
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 96 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
■■
■■
(bla
nk c
ard
for
addi
tion
al C
HA
IR s
tudy
wor
ksho
p)
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 97 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
■■
■■
(bla
nk c
ard
for
addi
tion
al C
HA
IR s
tudy
wor
ksho
p)
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 98 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
WorkCover OfficesFor all occupational health and safety, workers compensation and rehabilitation information, call the WorkCover
Information Line – 13 10 50 from anywhere in New South Wales.
HEAD OFFICE
Office Hours 8:30am – 5:00pm
Monday to Friday
92–100 Donnison Street
GOSFORD 2250
Phone (02) 4321 5000
Fax (02) 4325 4145
Postal Address
WorkCover NSW Locked Bag 2906
Lisarow NSW 2252
WorkCover Assistance Service
Office Hours 8:30am – 4:30pm
Monday to Friday
92–100 Donnison Street
GOSFORD 2250
Phone 13 10 50
LABORATORIES
Thornleigh
5A Pioneer Avenue
THORNLEIGH 2120
Phone (02) 9484 6655
Fax (02) 9980 6849
Email [email protected]
Londonderry
TestSafe Australia
Ground Floor 919 Londonderry Road
LONDONDERRY 2753
Phone (02) 4724 4900
Fax (02) 4724 4999
Email [email protected]
REGIONAL and LOCAL OFFICES
Office Hours 8:30am – 4:30pm
Monday to Friday
REGIONAL OFFICES
Newcastle
956 Hunter Street
NEWCASTLE WEST 2302
Phone (02) 4921 2900
Fax (02) 4921 2929
Wollongong
106 Market Street
WOLLONGONG 2500
Phone (02) 4222 7333
Fax (02) 4226 9087
LOCAL OFFICES
Albury
463 Kiewa Street
ALBURY 2640
Phone (02) 6021 5911
Fax (02) 6041 2580
Batemans Bay
Shop 6, Fenning Place
12 Orient Street
BATEMANS BAY 2536
Phone (02) 4472 5544
Fax (02) 4472 5060
Blacktown
125 Main Street
BLACKTOWN 2148
Phone (02) 9671 8701
Fax (02) 9831 8246
Dubbo
Suite 3, 157 Brisbane Street
DUBBO 2830
Phone (02) 6884 2799
Fax (02) 6884 2808
Goulburn
21–23 Clifford Street
GOULBURN 2580
Phone (02) 4822 1243
Fax (02) 4822 1242
Grafton
NSW Government Offices
49–51 Victoria Street
GRAFTON 2460
Phone (02) 6641 5111
Fax (02) 6641 5100
Griffith
NSW Government Offices
104–110 Banna Avenue
GRIFFITH 2680
Phone (02) 6964 2027
Fax (02) 6964 1738
Hurstville
Level 4, 4-8 Woodville Street
HURSTVILLE 2220
Phone (02) 9598 3366
Fax (02) 9585 0261
Lindfield
345 Pacific Hwy
LINDFIELD 2070
Phone (02) 9936 3000
Fax (02) 9936 3030
Lismore
Suite 4, Level 4
Manchester Unity Building
29 Molesworth Street
LISMORE 2480
Phone (02) 6622 0088
Fax (02) 6622 0090
Liverpool
Suite 4, Ground Floor
157–161 George Street
LIVERPOOL 2170
Phone (02) 9827 8600
Fax (02) 9827 8690
Narrabri
Level 1, 55 Maitland Street
NARRABRI 2390
Phone (02) 6792 4643
Fax (02) 6792 3532
Newcastle
956 Hunter Street
NEWCASTLE WEST 2302
Phone (02) 4921 2900
Fax (02) 4921 2929
Orange
74 McNamara Street
ORANGE 2800
Phone (02) 6361 7070
Fax (02) 6362 8820
Parramatta
Level 4, 128 Marsden Street
PARRAMATTA 2150
Phone (02) 9841 8550
Fax (02) 9841 8490
Port Macquarie
Shops 1 & 2,
Raine & Horne House
145 Horton Street
PORT MACQUARIE 2444
Phone (02) 6584 1188
Fax (02) 6584 1788
Shellharbour
134–134A Lamerton House
Shellharbour Square
BLACKBUTT 2529
Phone (02) 4297 3796
Fax (02) 4296 8914
Tamworth
Shop 20, 341 Peel Street
TAMWORTH 2340
Phone (02) 6766 2490
Fax (02) 6766 4972
Lake Macquarie
Shop 2, 33 The Boulevarde
TORONTO 2283
Phone (02) 4959 6366
Fax (02) 4950 5587
Tweed Heads
Suite 5, 1 Sands Street
TWEED HEADS 2485
Phone (07) 5536 3262
Fax (07) 5536 4389
Wagga Wagga
Level 2, 76 Morgan Street
WAGGA WAGGA 2650
Phone (02) 6937 3600
Fax (02) 6937 3616
Wollongong
106 Market Street
WOLLONGONG 2500
Phone (02) 4222 7333
Fax (02) 4226 9087
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 99 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
WORKCOVER NEW SOUTH WALES 100 CHAIR SAFETY IN DESIGN TOOL mm
Catalogue No. 976 WorkCover Publications Hotline 1300 799 003
WorkCover NSW 92-100 Donnison Street Gosford NSW 2250
Locked Bag 2906 Lisarow NSW 2252 WorkCover Assistance Service 13 10 50
Website www.workcover.nsw.gov.au
ISBN 1 876995 27 0 ©Copyright WorkCover NSW 2001. Production and printing by Salmat – 02 9743 8777